1 fair use of trademark in oss xue ji chinese academy of engineering [email protected]
TRANSCRIPT
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 2
BACKGROUND
While an open source license may give you
complete freedom to modify and distribute code, it
can never give you freedom to distribute modified
code under the licensor’s trademark, or the rights
in the trademark will eventually evaporate.
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 3
BACKGROUND
Open Source Software v.s. IPR
Linked withhardware
OSSEnterpise License
Document &
Code
Trademark
OSS
Copyright Law(document)
Trademark Law
Contract Law
Patent Law
Antitrust Law
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 4
BACKGROUND a dilemma - GPL v.s. Trademark Law
dilemma
OSS licensee.g. GPL
Trademark Law
copy and distribute VERBATIM copies of the Program’s source code
can not USE a trademark without grant
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 5
In Practice
Integrated develop environment
KERNELFromOSS
society
Wipe off\ReplaceTrademarks
in source code
CompilingPackagingIntegrating
Selling As a
New software
ReservingTrademarks
In source code
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 6
Legal Analysis wipe off\replace, illegal?
KERNELFromOSS
society
CompilingPackaging
Integrating
Selling As a
New software
Wipe off\ReplaceTrademarks
in source code
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 7
Legal Analysis wipe off\replace, illegal?
1. Reverse Counterfeit
Replacing others’ registered
trademark without grant, and selling
which in the market means REVERSE
COUNTEREIT, which is TRADEMARK
INFRINGEMENT. --Chinese Trademark Law
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 8
wiping off\replacing the trademarks in source code
=Reverse Counterfeit =Trademark Infringement
Legal Analysis wipe off\replace, illegal?
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 9
Wipe off\ReplaceTrademarks
in source code
Against the OSS License e.g. GPL
Reverse Counterfeit
Breach the Contract Trademark Infingement
KERNELFromOSS
society
CompilingPackaging
Integrating
Selling As a
New software
Legal Analysis wipe off\replace, illegal?
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 10
Legal Analysis reserving, legal?
KERNELFromOSS
society
CompilingPackagingIntegrating
Selling As a
New software
ReservingTrademarks
In source code
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 11
Reserving the trademarks in the source code
USING in Trademark Law ？
YES NO
Trademark Infringement?
No legal Defense
Trademark Infringement
Legal Defense
Legal
Legal Analysis reserving, legal?
STEP 1
STEP 2
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 12
STEP 1 Reserving=Using?
Interpretation to Chinese Trademark Law,
Item 52nd—
Using a same or similar trademark on a same or similar goods, without grant, leads to trademark infringement.
Legal Analysis reserving, legal?
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 13
Legal Analysis reserving, legal?
Traditional view: copying a trademark ‘hidden’ in source code≠USING a trademar
k
USING: copying a trademark on package, container or contract, or putting a trademark on advertisement.
--Chinese Trademark Law
USING: For a software, using means copying a trademark on dialog box, title bar or copyright page when the software is running.
--Judicial Interpretation of Beijing Prime Court
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 14
COPYING A TRADEMARK IN SOURCE CODE=USING
market
OSS society
OSS enterprise
SourceCode
OSS enlarged the scale of USING a trademark
The Source Code is facing all the users in OSS, while in traditional area, the source code is ‘hidden’.
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 15
OSS enlarged the scale of USING a trademark
Traditional Goods ：Copying the trademark on the package, container or advertisment.
SOFTWARE ：Displaying theTrademark on title bar, Dialog box Or Copyright Page when running.
OSS ：Copying theTrademarkHidden in Source Code.
COPYING A TRADEMARK IN SOURCE CODE=USING
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 16
Conclusion ： copying a trademark hidden in Source Co
de=USING
COPYING A TRADEMARK IN SOURCE CODE=USING
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 17
Reserving the trademarks in the source code
USING in Trademark Law ？
YES NO
Trademark Infringement?
No legal Defense
Trademark Infringement
Legal Defense
Legal
STEP 1
STEP 2
Legal Analysis reserving, legal?
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 18
Legal Analysis reserving, legal?
STEP 2 USING a trademark in source code=FARI USE ? Descriptive Use Indicated Use
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 19
1. DESCRIPTIVE USE
A trademark used as general title, figure or showing the goods’ quality, function, or other descriptive feature means a descriptive trademark.
－－ Chinese Trademark Law
A trademark which is descriptive can be fair use. －－ USA Lanham ACT
DESCRIPTIVE USE
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 20
DESCRIPTIVE USE
Descriptive Use of OSS trademarks as LINUX
LINUX is on the process to apply as registered trademark in
China.
LINUX has transited to a frequently used term on the Internet and do not clearly demonstrate trademark usage.
We should descriptively use LINUX, which is FAIR USE.
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 21
INDICATIVE USE
1. INDICATIVE USE
A trademark to indicate the purpose of goods or service, especially to show the origin of the components, can be used indicatively.
--EU A auto accessory shop may use the auto’s trademark
indicatively, in a non conspicuous way.
--CHINA
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 22
INDICATIVE USE
2. CASE To show the true information about the CMOS chip,
the computer enterprise often USE the trademark of the chip enterprise on the computer.
INTEL ： encourage other computer enterprise using the trad
emark as INTEL INSIDE.
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 23
INDICATIVE USE
3. Providing to be Indicative Use?
Providing 1: The aim is to convey the true information of the
goods to the consumer.
Providing 2: The consumer will not confuse the owner of the
trademark with the user of the trademark.
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 24
INDICATIVE USE4. Indicative Use of the OSS= FAIR USE
1. Most OS License need ‘reserve all the marks verbatim’ is to convey the true information of the OSS, rather than promote their software goods as an advertisement.
－－ providing １
2. The OPENESS of OSS means that, everyone can get others’ source code from the OS society, then modify it and redistribute it. Thus, when faced of a OS trademark, the consumer can not regard any relation between the trademark USER and the OWNER, not to mention confuse them.
－－ providing ２
Providing 1 ： aim to offer true information of the goods to consumer.
Providing 2: The consumer will not confuse the owner of the trademark with
the user of the trademark
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 25
CONCLUSION
Reserving the trademarksIn the source code
= USING
Descriptive Use Indicative Use
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 26
CONCLUSION
Copy and Distribute VERBATIM copies of the Program’s source code
= FAIR USE
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 27
FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS
THANK YOU ！
Xue JiChinese Academy of Engineering
2006.10 FAIR USE of TRADEMARK in OSS 28
致谢
本论文在研究过程中得到了北京大学 张平女士的极大
帮助，也希望各位老师能够提出宝贵意见！多谢！
联系人：姬学