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1 Faculty Advisors: Steven Hall, Ph. D., Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Charles Malveaux, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Brent Christner, Ph. D., Department of Biological Sciences Noelle Bryan, Department of Biological Sciences Student Investigators: Samuel Beck, Bradley Bernard, Rheagan Chambers, Kristen Galloway, Brandon Landry, Alexandra Williams

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Background Bio-precipitation Ice nucleating bacteria $ 1 billion in crop loss due to frost damage in US Current methods HASP, Ice core, Hailstones 2 (Christner, Brent C., 2012) Background Prob. Statement Objectives HoQ PDS Decomp. Function Diagram Morph. Chart Design

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Problem Statement To develop an efficient device that will collect microbes in order to increase bacterial data at known altitudes satisfying Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations. This will be accomplished by mounting the ACROBE to an Unmanned Aerial System-Hexacopter (UAS-H). 3 Background Prob. Statement Objectives HoQ PDS Decomp. Function Diagram Morph. Chart Design

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Measurable Objectives Collect 1m 3 of air Collect within 2m of specified altitude 80% viability Weigh less than 10lbs 4 Background Prob. Statement Objectives HoQ PDS Decomp. Function Diagram Morph. Chart Design

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House of Quality 5 Background Prob. Statement Objectives HoQ PDS Decomp. Function Diagram Morph. Chart Design

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Product Design Specification Construction of device will include carbon fiber Assembly will be modular where possible to aid in repair and disassembly The device will be designed for reproducibility and reliability Operation vacuum pressure is approximately 0.03 psi g (206.84 Pa g ) Operation between 40 F and 100 F (4.44C and 37.78 C) Sampling Time: 2.5-20 minutes 70% ethanol and 2000 ppm NaHClO for cleaning Compliance with FAA Regulations 6 Background Prob. Statement Objectives HoQ PDS Decomp. Function Diagram Morph. Chart Design

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Physical Decomposition 7 Background Prob. Statement Objectives HoQ PDS Decomp. Function Diagram Morph. Chart Design

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Detailed Function Structure Detailed Function Structure Diagram 8 Background Prob. Statement Objectives HoQ PDS Decomp. Function Diagram Morph. Chart Design

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Concept Generation Morphological Chart Morphological Chart 9 CollectionPlatformData LoggingBacterial Extraction P SourceCleaning ImpactUAS-AManualDrainageVacuum Pump Autoclave ImpingementUAS-HRemote + Automated SwabbingInducted Fan 70 % Ethanol Air SamplingBalloonNoneStampingPropellerEthylene Oxide Ice CoreAircraftAutomatedPipettingTurbineBoiling Water HailstoneRocketAgitationNaHClO Dry heat Background Prob. Statement Objectives HoQ PDS Decomp. Function Diagram Morph. Chart Design

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Impactor Design 10 Impact Calculations Efficiency Factors Control Systems Materials Fluid Dynamics Assembly Design

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Calculations 11 (Yao and Mainelis, 2007) Impact Calculations Efficiency Factors Control Systems Materials Fluid Dynamics Assembly Design

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Calculations (Cont.) 12 Impact Calculations Efficiency Factors Control Systems Materials Fluid Dynamics Assembly Design

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Design-Efficiency Factors 13 Marple and Willekes Method (Marple and Willeke, 1976) Impact Calculations Efficiency Factors Control Systems Materials Fluid Dynamics Assembly Design

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Impact Smart Control System Arduino platform with ATmega2560 microcontroller Pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind direction sensor Out-runner brushless DC motor drives vacuum Three servos to open and close inlets and outlet SD card shield for data acquisition 14 (ArduinoBoardMega, 2014) (New Generation Hobbies, 2014) (Sparkfun) Calculations Efficiency Factors Control Systems Materials Fluid Dynamics Assembly Design (Mouser Electronics, 2014)

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Negative Feedback Pressure sensor will determine motors speed Wind direction will determine where ACROBE inlets face 15 Impact Calculations Efficiency Factors Control Systems Materials Fluid Dynamics Assembly Design

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Arduino Circuit Schematic 16 Impact Calculations Efficiency Factors Control Systems Materials Fluid Dynamics Assembly Design

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Materials Physical Materials Carbon fiber Aluminum Neoprene gasket Epoxy Micro-controls Industrial Grade Aluminum Foil Biological Materials Glycerol Reasoners 2A agar (R2A) Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) 17 Impact Calculations Efficiency Factors Control Systems Materials Fluid Dynamics Assembly Design

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Fluid Dynamics Impact Materials 18 Primary Factors: Weight, Corrosion Resistance, Non-cytotoxic, Cost Secondary Factors: Surface texture, Electrical Properties, Strength (6061 Aluminum, 2014) (Industry Search, 2014) (West System Epoxy, 2014) (3K Plain Weave Carbon Fiber, 2014) Calculations Efficiency Factors Control Systems Materials Assembly Design

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Fluid Dynamics Autodesk Simulation CFD Autodesk Simulation CFD 19 Impact Calculations Efficiency Factors Control Systems Materials Fluid Dynamics Assembly Design

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AutoDesk CFD Data 20 Impact Calculations Efficiency Factors Control Systems Materials Fluid Dynamics Assembly Design

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ACROBEACROBE-Hexacopter Assembly 21 Impact Calculations Efficiency Factors Control Systems Materials Fluid Dynamics Assembly Design

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Budget ItemsPrice Epoxy$15.99 PVC Pipe$24.07 Clear Lexan$12.72 Polycarbonate Tubing$137.91 Vacuum and Fuel Pressure Kit$17.84 Temperature and Humidity Sensor$29.95 ABS Pressure Sensor(x3)$48.27 TOTAL $286.75/$1100.00 22 Budget Bill of MaterialsGantt Chart Conclusion References

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Bill of Materials 23 Budget Bill of MaterialsGantt Chart Conclusion References ItemQuantityCombined Price MPX4115a3$48.27 HIH6130 Sparkfun1$29.95 Arduino Mega1$37.52 EMS22P50-B28-LS61$37.80 SD Card Shield Adafruit1$19.95 Futaba ASD Sensor1$179.97 Futaba BLS1533$360.00 7.4 V 2S LiPo 1200 mAh1$16.99 Futaba R7008SB S.Bus2 2.4GHz FASSTest Rx1$139.98 CF Rod 1 x 601$75.99 CF Rod.686 x 721$55.99 CF Rod.1 x 242$4.90 West Systems 105/206 Epoxy1$62.61 West Systems 423 Graphite Powder1$19.03

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Bill of Materials 24 Budget Bill of MaterialsGantt Chart Conclusion References ItemQuantityCombined Price CF Plate 300mm x 100mm x 2mm2$39.99 Frekote 7001$20.50 Neoprene w/ Adhesive 54 x 1 x.1251$20.00 6061-T6 Aluminum 4 x 4 x.1252$23.66 Du-Bro 993 Nylon Bolt 3 x.251$2.36 Aluminum Foil 18 x 25 x.0011$16.95 Teknova R2A Broth Premix (500 g)1$176.57 Growcells MRGF-6235-12 10X PBS (12 L)1$292.78 2,000ppm NaHClO (1 L)1 - SEOH R2A Agar Media (500 g)1$75.52 20 pk. Petri Dishes 100mm x 13mm10$79.50 Carbon Fiber Fabric 3K 50 x 361$50.85 Heathrow Scientific HS86655 Stainless Steel Large Bacterial Cell Spreader 1$14.76 Total: $724.28/ $1906.67

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Gantt Chart 25 Budget Bill of MaterialsGantt Chart Conclusion References

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Conclusion 26 Ergonomic, easy to use design Efficient collection with high repeatability/reproducibility Multiple runs in a day Fully automated Data collection First of its kind Budget Bill of MaterialsGantt Chart Conclusion References

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"6061 Aluminum." 6061 Aluminum, Aluminium, Alumina Bobco Metals LLC. Bob Co. Metals, 2014. Web. 02 Dec. 2014. "Air - Altitude, Density and Specific Volume." Air - Altitude, Density and Specific Volume. Engineering Toolbox, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2014. "Arduino - ArduinoBoardMega." Arduino - ArduinoBoardMega. N.p., 2014. Web. 01 Dec. 2014. Carbon Fiber Fabric." 3K Plain Weave Carbon Fiber. The Composite Store (CST), 2014. Web. 02 Dec. 2014. Christner, Brent C. "Cloudy with a Chance of Microbes." News Magazine of the American Society for Microbiology Feb. 2012: 70-75. Web. 20 Nov. 2014. "Darcy-Weisbach Equation History." Biosystems-OK State. Oklahoma State, 15 June 2000. Web. 01 Dec. 2014. "EMS22P50-B28-LS6 Bourns | Mouser." Mouser Electronics. Mouser Electronics, 2014. Web. 01 Dec. 2014. "Gold Streak Plate -- Petri Dish Coasters." Flickr. Yahoo!, n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2014. Journal of Microbiological Methods, Volume 107, December 2014, Pages 161-168 N.C. Bryan, M. Stewart, D. Granger, T.G. Guzik, B.C. Christner Marple, Virgil A., and Klaus Willeke. "Impactor Design." Atmospheric Environment 10 (1976): 891- 96. University of North Carolina. Pergamon Press. Web. 20 Nov. 2014 "Microscope Use in Brewing." Microscope Use. N.p., 7 Oct. 2012. Web. 22 Nov. 2014 New Generation Hobbies. MPX4115A Pressure Sensor, 2014. Web. 1 Dec. 2014. "Nylon Nuts, Bolts & Washers." IndustrySearch. Industry Search, 2014. Web. 02 Dec. 2014. "SparkFun Humidity and Temperature Sensor Breakout - HIH6130." - SEN-11295. Sparkfun, n.d. Web. 01 Dec. 2014. "West Systems Laminating Epoxy Resin." West System Epoxy. The Composite Store (CTS), 2014. Web. 02 Dec. 2014. What Can I Do With My Model Aircraft?" Hobby/Recreational Flying. Federal Aviation Administration, 12 Aug. 2014. Web. 19 Nov. 2014. Whyte, W., G. Green, and A. Albisu. "Collection Efficiency and Design of Microbial Air Samplers." Journal of Aerosol Science 38.1 (2007): 97 110.ScienceDirect. Web. 15 Sept. 2014 Yao, Maosheng, and Gediminas Mainelis. "Investigation of Cut-Off Sizes and Collection Efficiencies of Portable Microbial Samplers." Aerosol Science and Technology 40.8 (2007): 595-606. Taylor and Francis Online. Taylor and Francis, 1 Feb. 2007. Web. 15 Nov. 2014. 27 Budget Bill of MaterialsGantt Chart Conclusion References

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28 Thank you! BEACR

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Questions 29