1 electromagnetic spectrum chapter 17 & 18. 2 electromagnetic waves electromagnetic waves are...
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
Chapter 17 & 18
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Electromagnetic Waves
• Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that have some electrical properties and some magnetic properties.
• An electromagnetic wave consists of changing electric and magnetic fields.
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Electromagnetic Radiation
• The energy that is transferred by electromagnetic waves is called electromagnetic radiation.
• All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed: 300,000, 000 m/s.
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Wave or Particles?
• Light has many of the properties of waves. But light can also act as though it is a stream of particles.
• When light passes through a polarized filter, it has the properties of a wave.
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Wave or Particles?
• When a beam of light shines on some substances, it causes tiny particles called electrons to move (photoelectric effect).
• Light is a stream of tiny packets or particles known as photons.
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Characteristics of Electromagnetic Waves
• All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed, but they have different wavelengths and different frequencies.
• Remember:
Speed=wavelength x frequency
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Different Wavelengths of the Electromagnetic Spectrum
In order of decreasing wavelength:
• Radio• Infrared• Visible light• Ultraviolet• X ray• Gamma ray
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What happens to light when is strikes a surface?
• Light can be reflected, absorbed or transmitted when it strikes a surface.
• You can not see through objects that are opaque.
• A transparent material transmits light.
• Translucent materials scatter light as it passes through.
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Types of Reflection
• Regular reflection occurs when the light waves hit a smooth surface.
• Diffuse reflection occurs when the light waves hit a rough surface and the light waves are scattered.
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Types of Mirrors
• Concave mirrors are mirrors that curve inward. These type of mirrors can produce virtual & real images.
• Convex mirrors are mirrors that bulge outward. These type of mirrors can produce virtual images.
• Plane mirrors produce virtual images.
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Type of Images
• Real images are inverted images formed where rays of light meet.
• Virtual images are upright images formed where rays of light appear to meet or come from.
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Refraction
• Refraction happens when light waves changes speed as it goes through different mediums.
• As light waves change speed the waves bend.
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Effects of Refraction
• Refraction makes objects appear to be in different positions.
• Refractions in the atmosphere creates mirages.
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Rainbows
• Raindrops act like tiny prisms, refracting and reflecting the light and separating the colors.
• ROY G BIV– Red– Orange– Yellow– Green– Blue– Indigo– Violet
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Mirage
• A mirage is an image of a distant objects caused by refraction of light.
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Which form of electromagnetic wave has the shortest wavelength, but the greatest
energy?
Rad
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Vis
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Ultr
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Gam
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A. Radio waves.
B. Visible light waves.
C. Ultraviolet wave.
D. Gamma rays.
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21 22 23
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An electromagnetic wave is what type of wave?
Longi
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Surfa
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Tra
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Mec
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1
A. Longitudinal wave.
B. Surface wave.
C. Transverse wave.
D. Mechanical wave.
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Lenses
• A lens is a curved piece of glass.
• Lenses can magnify images.
• Magnification is any change in the size of an image compared with the size of the object.
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Type of Lenses
• Converging lens bends the light inward that produces a virtual or real image. (convex lens)
• Diverging lens bends the light outward and can produce only a virtual image. (concave lens)
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Correct Vision
• Nearsightedness is when you only see things clearly that are close.– Eyeball is too long.– Corrected by concave lens.
• Farsightedness is when you only see things clearly that are far.– Eyeball is too short.– Corrected by convex lens.
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Which type of lens converge light to a focal point?
A. B. C. D.
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1
99A. Concave.
B. Convex.
C. Both concave and convex.
D. Neither concave nor convex.
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Which type of lens is used to correct nearsighted vision?
A. B. C. D.
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011
A. Concave.
B. Convex.
C. Both concave and convex.
D. Neither concave nor convex.
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Other Uses of Light & Lenses
• Telescopes• Microscopes• Cameras• Lasers
– CD’s– DVD’s
• Optic Fibers– Communications– Surgery
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Colors
• The color we see is the light being reflected from the object.
• Additive primary colors are red, green & blue.
• Subtractive primary colors are yellow, cyan and magenta.
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Colors and Pigments
• If all colors are reflected, you see white light.
• If all colors are absorbed, you see black.
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Review Questions
• What type of wave is light?
• Transverse
• What is the longest wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum?
• Radio
• Which type of electromagnetic waves have the most energy?
• gamma
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Review Questions
• What are the three primary colors?
• Red, blue, green
• What is the speed of light?
• 300,000 km/s
• Which type of lens converges light to a focal point?
• Convex
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Review Questions
• Which type of mirror produces either a virtual or real image?
• Concave
• Which type of image is up-side-down?
• Real
• What do we call objects that only reflect light?
• opaque
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Review Questions
• What do we call objects that transmit light?
• Transparent
• What do we call objects that don’t transmit light clearly?
• Translucent
• Which type of lens corrects nearsightedness?
• concave
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Review Questions
• Which type of lens corrects farsightedness?
• Convex • What happens when light is bent as it
changes medium?• Refraction• What happens when light reflects off of an
surface?• Reflection
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Review Questions
• The End
• Study!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!