1 education at a glance 2015 soumaya maghnouj estonia release date: 24 november 2015
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1
Education at a Glance 2015
Soumaya Maghnouj
Estonia
Release date: 24 November 2015
Education at a Glance 2015
• The 25th edition of Education at a Glance• Authoritative source for information on the state of
education around the world. • Published only few weeks after adoption of the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)• Internationally comparable statistics
How does Estonia compare to other OECD
and partner countries?
Education in Estonia starts early and is mainly offered in public
institutions
Some 87 % of 3-year-olds are enrolled in pre-primary education
Enrolment rates at age 3 and 4 in early childhood education (2013)
Israe
l
Belgi
um
New Z
eala
nd
Spai
nIta
ly
Germ
any
Kore
a
Slov
enia
Latv
ia
EU21
ave
rage
Hunga
ry
OECD a
vera
ge
Finl
and
Austri
a
Pola
ndChi
le
Mex
ico
Indo
nesia
Brazil
Switz
erla
nd 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Enrolment rates at age 3 in pre-primary education (ISC 02) Enrolment rates at age 4 (ISC 02 +ISC 1)
Chart C2.1.
Large proportions of children are enrolled in public pre-primary schools in Estonia
Percentage of pupils enrolled in public institutions in early childhood education (2013)
Russia
n Fed
erat
ion
Czech
Rep
ublic
Slove
nia
Estonia
Slova
k Rep
ublic
Latvi
a
Switz
erla
nd
South A
frica
Canad
a
Hungary
Finla
nd
Luxem
bourg
Turkey
France
Icel
and
Mex
ico
Swed
en
Poland
Denm
ark
Brazi
l
Austria
Italy
Nether
lands
Spain
EU21 a
vera
ge
Colom
bia
OECD a
vera
ge
United S
tate
s
Isra
el
Saudi A
rabia
Norway
Portugal
China
Belgiu
m
United K
ingdom
G20
ave
rage
Austra
lia
Ger
man
y
Japan
Korea
Indones
ia
Irela
nd
New Z
eala
nd
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
%
Chart C2.3.
Information and communications technology is changing the learning experience
in Estonia…but teachers feel underprepared
to use ICT in the classroom
Studens in Estonia access the internet at an early age
How old were 15 year-olds students when they first accessed the Internet? (PISA 2012)
Russian Federation
Slovak Republic
Turkey
Japan
Czech Republic
Italy
Austria
Poland
Jordan
Costa Rica
Macao (China)
Chinese Taipei
Latvia
Slovenia
Belgium
Spain
Australia
Iceland
Estonia
Sweden
Israel
Netherlands
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
6 years old or younger 7-9 years old 10-12 years old13 years old or older Have never accessed the internet
Chart D8.1.
Boys in Estonia perform better in digital reading than paper reading
Mean score-point difference between paper-and-pencil and computer-delivered reading test1 (PISA 2012). 15-year-old students, by gender
Singa
pore
Italy
Korea
Brazil
Sweden
Slova
k Rep
ublic
Chile
Fran
ce
Canad
a
Unite
d Sta
tes
Mac
ao (C
hina
)
Japa
n
Austra
lia
Estoni
a
Portu
gal
Hong
Kong
(Chi
na)
Chine
se T
aipe
i
OECD ave
rage
Denm
ark
Russia
n Fe
dera
tion
Colom
bia
Irela
nd
Slove
nia
Belgi
um
Norway
Austri
a
Germ
any
Israe
l
Spain
Shang
hai (
China
)
Unite
d Ara
b Em
irate
s
Hunga
ry
Polan
d
- 35
- 30
- 25
- 20
- 15
- 10
- 5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Boys GirlsMean score-point
difference
Chart D8.3
Almost one in four teachers in Estonia feels a need for further training in how to use ICT in the classroom
Percentage of lower secondary education teachers who report having a high level of need for professional development to improve their ICT skills for teaching
Mal
aysi
aIta
ly
Georg
ia
Icel
and
Brazil
Japa
n
Sweden
Fran
ce
Korea
Isra
el
Eston
ia
Mex
ico
Bulga
ria
Croat
ia
Serbi
a
Latv
ia
Denm
ark
Slova
k Rep
ublic
Roman
ia
OECD ave
rage
Norway
Finl
and
Russi
an F
eder
atio
n
New-Z
eala
nd
Nethe
rland
s
Czech
Rep
ublic
Spain
Austra
liaChi
le
Cypru
s
Singa
pore
Polan
d
Belgi
um (F
land
ers)
Abu D
habi
(UAE)
Portu
gal
Unite
d Sta
tes
Engla
nd 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
%
Chart D8.4
The teaching profession is experiencing a generational turnover….
…which makes the need to attract and retain talented young professionals
more important than ever
Estonia is experiencing a generational turnover in the teaching profession
Age distribution of teachers in upper secondary education (2013)
Italy
Estonia
Norway
Germany
Finland
Austria
Greece
Colombia
OECD average
Israel
Slovenia
United States
Belgium
Luxembourg
Ireland
Portugal
Canada
Indonesia
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
< 30 years 30-39 years 40-49 years ≥ 50 years
%
Chart D5.2
Between 2000 and 2013, Estonia experienced the highest increase in teachers' salaries in real terms
Index of change between 2000 and 2013 (2005 = 100, constant prices), for teachers with 15 years of experience and typical qualifications
Estonia
Poland
Isra
el
Norway
Luxem
bourg
Turkey
Austra
lia
United S
tate
s
Mex
ico
Irela
nd
Germ
any
Sweden
1
Belgiu
m (F
r.)
Belgiu
m (F
l.)
Denm
ark
Finla
nd
OECD ave
rage
Austria
Slove
nia
Korea
France
Italy
Japan
Spain
Scotla
nd
Icel
and
England
Portugal
Greec
e
Hungary
Latvi
a 50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
2013 2000
Index of change2005 = 100
Chart D3.3.
Estonia is among countries with flat or compressed salary scale
Annual statutory salaries of lower secondary teachers in public institutions, in equivalent USD converted using PPPs at different points in their careers (2013)
Luxe
mbo
urg
Germ
any
Denm
ark
Unite
d Sta
tes
Norway
Spain
Canad
a
Austra
lia
Nethe
rland
s
Irela
nd
Finl
and
Belgi
um (F
l.)
Austri
a
Belgi
um (F
r.)
Sweden
OECD ave
rage
Portu
gal
Fran
ceIta
ly
New Z
eala
nd
Korea
2
Engla
nd
Japa
n
Scotla
nd
Turk
ey
Icel
and
Slove
nia
Mexic
o
Isra
el
Greec
eChi
le
Czech
Rep
ublic
Colom
bia
Polan
d
Eston
ia
Slova
k Rep
ublic
Hunga
ry
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
140 000
Starting salary/typical qualificationsSalary after 15 years of experience/typical qualificationsSalary at top of scale/maximum qualifications
Equivalent USD converted using PPPs
Chart D3.2.
While the expenditure per students increased over time,
Estonia experienced the largest fall of public expenditure on education
as a share of GDP
Expenditure per student increased between 2005 and 2012Chart B1.4.
Annual expenditure per student by educational institutions in 2012 related to change since 2005. Primary, secondary,
and post-secondary non-tertiary education
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
,0.00
1,000.00
2,000.00
3,000.00
4,000.00
5,000.00
6,000.00
7,000.00
8,000.00
9,000.00
10,000.00
11,000.00
12,000.00
13,000.00
14,000.00
15,000.00
16,000.00
MEX
CHLHUN SVKEST CZE
POL
ISR
POR
KORITA
ESP
JPN FIN
FRA
AUS
UKM IRECANNLD
SWE
TUR
BEL
USA
CHE
NOR
RUS
ISL
SVN
R² = 0.345881113162724
R² = 0.298397846059289
Change in expenditure per student between 2005 and 2012 (%)
Annual expenditure per student (2012, USD)
OECD average
Primary, secondary, and post-secondary non-tertiary education
OECD average
Estonia experienced the highest decrease of public expenditure on educational institutions Chart B2.4.
Index of change between 2010 and 2012 in expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP from primary to tertiary institutions.C
hil
e
Tu
rkey
Isra
el
Ru
ssia
n F
eder
atio
n
Cze
ch R
epu
bli
c
Bra
zil
Sw
itze
rlan
d
Bel
giu
m
Ko
rea
Fin
lan
d
Net
her
lan
ds
Jap
an
Icel
and
Sw
eden
Mex
ico
Irel
and
OE
CD
ave
rag
e
Slo
ven
ia
Ger
man
y
Fra
nce
EU
21 a
vera
ge
Slo
vak
Rep
ub
lic
Po
lan
d
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Ital
y
Can
ada
No
rway
Au
stra
lia
Sp
ain
Po
rtu
gal
Hu
ng
ary
Est
on
ia
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
Change in public expenditure on educational institutions
Change in Gross Domestic Product
Change in public expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP
Index of change (2010=100)
Estonia has historically high attainment of tertiary education
Estonia has historically high attainment of tertiary education
Percentage of younger and older tertiary-educated adults (2014)
South
Afri
ca
Brazil
Costa
Ric
a
Mex
ico
Saudi
Ara
bia
Colom
bia
Slova
k Rep
ublic
Portu
gal
Slove
nia
Greec
e
Latv
ia
New Z
eala
nd
Icel
and
Spain
Polan
d
Belgi
um
Unite
d Sta
tes
Switzer
land
Austra
lia
Unite
d Kin
gdom
Lith
uani
a
Canad
a
Korea
- 10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70Proportion of the 25-34 year-old population with tertiary education
Proportion of the 55-64 year-old population with tertiary education
%
Chart A1.2.
One in two students in Estonia who graduated with a doctorate earned it in either science or engineering
Percentage of students who graduate from sciences and engineering at doctoral level (2013)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Sciences Engineering, Manufacturing & Construction
Chart A3.4.
Estonia has historically high attainment of tertiary education
….but earnings premium are low
Earnings premium of tertiary educated individual in Estonia are low
Relative earnings for adults with tertiary education (upper secondary = 100)
Chile
Colom
bia
Mex
ico
Irela
nd
Czech
Rep
ublic
Slova
k Rep
ublic
Portugal
OECD ave
rage
EU21 a
vera
ge
Switzer
land
Austria
Spain
Greec
e
Korea
Canad
a
New Z
eala
nd
Austra
lia
Norway
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Chart A6.2.a
The earnings advantages are largest in countries with a small share of tertiary-educated people
Relative earnings of tertiary-educated workers and their share in the population (2013)
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
10
20
30
40
50
60
Australia6
Austria
Belgium1
Canada6
Chile2,5Czech Republic
DenmarkEstonia1
Finland6
France5
Greece
Hungary
Ireland3
Israel
Italy5
Japan2,6
KoreaLuxembourg1
Mexico2,6
Netherlands2,4New Zealand
Norway
Poland2,6
PortugalSlovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain6
SwedenSwitzerland1
Turkey3
United Kingdom7United States
OECD average
Brazil
Colombia
Relative earnings
Po
pu
lati
on
wit
h t
ert
iary
ed
uc
ati
on
%
OECD averageO
EC
D a
ve
rag
e
Chart A6.4.
Downward mobility in Estonia prevail over upward mobility
Intergenerational mobility in education (2012)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
22
10
16
Downward mobility (lower educational attainment than the highest level reached by parents)
Upward mobility to upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education
Upward mobility to tertiary education%
Chart A4.1.
Estonia has historically high attainment of tertiary education
….but low proficiency levels in ICT skills
ICT skills profeciency is low in Estonia
Percentage of adults with good information and communication technologies and problem-solving skills, by selected industry (2012)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70Human health and social work activities Manufacturing
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Education
Chart A5.5.
Vocational education at attracts less students in Estonia
compared to EU average
More than six in ten students are enrolled in general programmes
Distribution of 15-19 year-olds enrolled in upper secondary education, by programme orientation (2013)
Irelan
dBra
zil
Korea
Austra
lia
Japa
n
Hunga
ry
Eston
ia
United
King
dom
China
Mex
ico
Franc
eIs
rael
EU21 A
vera
ge
Turke
y
Finlan
d
Nethe
rland
s
Belgium
Sloven
ia
Slovak
Rep
ublic
Czech
Rep
ublic
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
General programmes Vocational programmes
Chart C1.2.
Wide earnings gap between men and women
Women are more likely than men to be enrolled in tertiary education
Percentage of 25-34 year-olds who have attained tertiary education, by gender (2014)
Korea
Canad
a
Russia
n Fed
erat
ion
Norway
Luxem
bourg
Irela
ndIs
rael
Austra
lia
Swed
en
Poland
Latvi
a
United K
ingdom
Belgiu
m
United S
tate
s
Denm
ark
Estonia
Slove
nia
Nether
lands
France
Finla
nd
Spain
Icel
and
OECD a
vera
ge
EU21 a
vera
ge
Switz
erla
nd
New Z
eala
nd
Gre
ece
Austria
Portugal
Hungary
Slova
k Rep
ublic
Czech
Rep
ublic
Saudi A
rabia
Japan
Colom
biaIta
ly
Ger
man
yChile
Mex
ico
Turkey
Costa
Rica
Brazi
l
Indones
ia
South A
frica
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Men Women%
Chart A10.1
Tetriary-educated women's salaries are lagging behind their men counterparts
Earnings of 35-44 year-olds tertiary-educated women as a percentage of the earnings of men of the same age and educational attainment (2013 or most recent year avail-able)
Belgium
Turke
y
Luxe
mbo
urg
Switzer
land
Sweden
Nethe
rland
s
Sloven
ia
Irelan
d
Colom
bia
Spain
United
King
dom
Italy
Greec
e
Canad
a
Norway
Denm
ark
New Z
ealan
d
Finlan
d
Portu
gal
Austra
lia
OECD ave
rage
Franc
e
Austri
aChil
e
Mex
ico
United
Sta
tes
Poland
Czech
Rep
ublic
Brazil
Korea
Slovak
Rep
ublic
Estonia
Israe
l
Hunga
ry 50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
%
Chart A10.6.
Education at a Glance 2015http://www.oecd.org/education/education-at-a-glance-19991487.htm
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