1 dr. r.p.singh cmd, powergrid. 2 rldc::brain generation ::heart sub-transmission:: sub arteries...

1

Dr. R.P.Singh

CMD, POWERGRID

22

RLDC::BrainGeneration ::Heart

Sub-Transmission:: Sub Arteries

Transmission:: Main Arteries

Distribution: Capillaries

Human Body vs. Power SystemHuman Body vs. Power System

Communication::Nervous System

USER

Voltage :: BP; Frequency:: Heart beat

3

1. Availability

3. Reliability

5. Affordability

2. Security

4. Quality

Objective of Power SystemObjective of Power System

44

Through :Through :

a) Generation Addition a) Generation Addition

b) Energy Conservationb) Energy Conservation

1. Availability of Power1. Availability of Power

55

GENERAGENERATIONTION

Generating CapacityGenerating Capacity

HydroHydro 32,335 MW (26%)32,335 MW (26%)

ThermalThermal 82,507 MW (66%)82,507 MW (66%)

CoalCoal 68,643 MW68,643 MW

GasGas 12,663 MW12,663 MW

NuclearNuclear 3,850 MW (3%)3,850 MW (3%)

RenewablesRenewables 6,158 MW (5%)6,158 MW (5%)

Installed capacity (Mar., 2006) Installed capacity (Mar., 2006)

8

Census ResultsCensus Results 1990-911990-91 2000-012000-01 2005-062005-06

Energy Shortage (%)Energy Shortage (%) 7.97.9 7.87.8 8.58.5

Peaking Shortage (%)Peaking Shortage (%) 16.716.7 12.312.3 12.512.5

Households Access to Electricity (%)Households Access to Electricity (%) 42.042.0 56.056.0 --

Rural Households Coverage (%)Rural Households Coverage (%) 31.031.0 43.843.8 --

Power Supply SituationPower Supply Situation

Source: Draft National Electricity Plan of Source: Draft National Electricity Plan of CEACEA

99

Peak Demand) Peak Demand) (MW)(MW)

Energy Energy Requirement Requirement

(BU)(BU)End of 10th Plan (2006 – 07)End of 10th Plan (2006 – 07) 1,15,7051,15,705 720720

End of 11th Plan (2011 – 12)End of 11th Plan (2011 – 12) 1,57,1071,57,107 975975

End of 12th Plan (2016 – 17)End of 12th Plan (2016 – 17) 2,12,7252,12,725 1,3201,320

End of 13th Plan (2021 – 22)End of 13th Plan (2021 – 22)

(Assuming 9% growth)(Assuming 9% growth)

2,88,9432,88,943 1,9001,900

Source: Draft National Electricity Source: Draft National Electricity Plan of CEAPlan of CEA

India’s Energy Requirement – Demand ForecastIndia’s Energy Requirement – Demand Forecast

1

10

YearYear HydroHydro ThermalThermal NuclearNuclear OthersOthers TotalTotalEnd of 9th PlanEnd of 9th Plan 26,26926,269 74,55074,550 2,7202,720 1,6281,628 105,167105,167End of 10th PlanEnd of 10th Plan 37,18437,184 101,035101,035 52405240 30003000 146,459146,459

End of 11th PlanEnd of 11th Plan 59,60459,604 134, 571134, 571 1018010180 76007600 211,955211,955

End of 12th PlanEnd of 12th Plan 333,000333,000

End of 13th PlanEnd of 13th Plan

(Assuming 9% (Assuming 9% growth)growth)

512,000512,000

GENERATION ADDITION ENVISAGED GENERATION ADDITION ENVISAGED figures in figures in MWMW

Source: Draft National Electricity Source: Draft National Electricity Plan of CEAPlan of CEA

1111

CoalCoal 246 billion tonnes (87% non coking 246 billion tonnes (87% non coking gr.)gr.)

HydroHydro 84,000 MW at 60% PLF, 84,000 MW at 60% PLF, Pumpstorage 96,000 MW & Micro Pumpstorage 96,000 MW & Micro 7,000 MW7,000 MW

Crude OilCrude Oil 728 million tonnes728 million tonnes

Natural gasNatural gas 660 billion Cu-m660 billion Cu-m

LignniteLignnite 5,060 million tonnes5,060 million tonnes

Renewables Renewables

- Biomass- Biomass

- Wind, solar etc.- Wind, solar etc.

6000 MWe6000 MWe

20,000 MWe20,000 MWe

UraniumUranium 78,000 tonnes78,000 tonnes

ThoriumThorium 5,18,000 tonnes – can sustain 5,18,000 tonnes – can sustain several hundred years requirementseveral hundred years requirementSource: Nuclear Power Corporation web Source: Nuclear Power Corporation web

sitesite

India’s available Energy ResourcesIndia’s available Energy Resources

1212

Advantages:-Advantages:-Availability of CoalAvailability of CoalShorter gestation period Shorter gestation period Low initial investment Low initial investment

Generation Addition - ThermalGeneration Addition - Thermal

Limitations:-Limitations:-

Long term sustenance questionable :Long term sustenance questionable :Limited resourceLimited resourceHighly pollutant Highly pollutant Disposal of ash : due to abrasive & high ash content Disposal of ash : due to abrasive & high ash content Dependence on imported fuel increasing Dependence on imported fuel increasing (about 100 MT by (about 100 MT by

2011-12)2011-12)Associated uncertainty in fuel cost- increases with Associated uncertainty in fuel cost- increases with

passage of time. passage of time.

Thus, coal has wider acceptability.Thus, coal has wider acceptability.

Thus, its prime position is threatened Thus, its prime position is threatened

1313

Advantages :-Advantages :-Renewable sourceRenewable sourceProgressively reducing TariffProgressively reducing TariffNon-pollutingNon-pollutingCarbon TradingCarbon TradingQuick start / stop for Grid controlQuick start / stop for Grid control

Generation Addition - HydroGeneration Addition - Hydro

Limitations :- Limitations :- Huge fund requirementHuge fund requirementLand Acquisition, Resettlement & Rehabilitation etc.Land Acquisition, Resettlement & Rehabilitation etc.Longer Gestation PeriodLonger Gestation PeriodGeological SurprisesGeological Surprises

Thus, Hydro development is a must. Thus, Hydro development is a must.

Thus, the growth is sluggish. Thus, the growth is sluggish.

1414

Advantages :-Advantages :-Low capital costLow capital costClean fuelClean fuelEasy to handleEasy to handleShorter gestation period Shorter gestation period Can be set up close to load center, thus enhanced Can be set up close to load center, thus enhanced

grid stabilitygrid stabilityQuick start & stopQuick start & stop

Generation Addition - GasGeneration Addition - Gas

Limitations :-Limitations :-Limited Gas Availability – present/ futureLimited Gas Availability – present/ futureUncertain fuel costUncertain fuel cost

Needed for quick developmentNeeded for quick development

The purpose of quick availability challengedThe purpose of quick availability challenged

1515

Advantages :-Advantages :-Technologically provenTechnologically provenEconomically ViableEconomically ViableCompact sourceCompact sourceEnvironment FriendlyEnvironment FriendlyCan be set up close to load center, thus enhanced grid Can be set up close to load center, thus enhanced grid

stabilitystabilityLong term SustenanceLong term Sustenance

Generation Addition - NuclearGeneration Addition - Nuclear

Limitations :-Limitations :-High Capital costHigh Capital costSafetySafetyFuel availabilityFuel availabilityWaste management Waste management Social stigmaSocial stigma

Thus desirable to quicken our efforts Thus desirable to quicken our efforts

Continues to be under threat Continues to be under threat

1616

3595.00 MW3595.00 MW 1705.00 MW1705.00 MW 749.53 MW 749.53 MW 66.23 MW66.23 MW 41.98 MW41.98 MW

2.64 MW2.64 MW

6160.38 MW6160.38 MW

45000 MW45000 MW15000MW15000MW19500 MW19500 MW -------- --------2700 MW2700 MW

20MW PER 20MW PER SQ.KMSQ.KM

82,200MW82,200MW

WIND POWERWIND POWERSMALL HYDRO( up to 25 SMALL HYDRO( up to 25

MW)MW)BIOMASS POWERBIOMASS POWERBiomass based Power Biomass based Power Biomass GasifiersBiomass GasifiersENERGY RECOVERY FROM ENERGY RECOVERY FROM

URBAN & INDUSTRIAL URBAN & INDUSTRIAL WASTEWASTE

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWERPOWER

TOTAL TOTAL

ACHIEVEMENTACHIEVEMENT(AS ON 31.03.2005)(AS ON 31.03.2005)

POTENTIALPOTENTIALRESOURCE/SYSTEMRESOURCE/SYSTEM

Energy Potential from Non-Conventional Energy SourcesEnergy Potential from Non-Conventional Energy Sources

Yet to gather momentum Yet to gather momentum

1717

Advantages Advantages Nil fuel costNil fuel costNon pollutingNon pollutingSuitable for Distributed GenerationSuitable for Distributed Generation

Generation Addition - WindGeneration Addition - Wind

Limitations Limitations High Capital costHigh Capital costLow availability - about 20%Low availability - about 20%Grid un-stability Grid un-stability

Temptation to buildTemptation to build

Threatened due to risks involved Threatened due to risks involved

1818

Advantages Advantages Abundant sourceAbundant sourceSuitable for Distributed GenerationSuitable for Distributed GenerationNon pollutingNon polluting

Generation Addition - SolarGeneration Addition - Solar

Limitations Limitations High Capital costHigh Capital costTechnologyTechnology

Desire to exploreDesire to explore

Technological limitationTechnological limitation

1919

Advantages :- Advantages :- Solid, liquid or gaseous waste can be used as a fuel for Solid, liquid or gaseous waste can be used as a fuel for

the production of electric power the production of electric power Potential to greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissionsPotential to greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissionsReduced dependence on oil as biofuels are the only Reduced dependence on oil as biofuels are the only

liquid transportation fuels availableliquid transportation fuels availableSupport rural economiesSupport rural economies

Generation Addition - BiomassGeneration Addition - Biomass

Limitations :- Limitations :- Land requirements are enormousLand requirements are enormousTransport issues Transport issues

Talk of the townTalk of the town

Inertia to take risk/ Limited investorsInertia to take risk/ Limited investors

2020

Investment in Power sector is too huge to be sustained Investment in Power sector is too huge to be sustained by private players. It is, therefore, imperative that by private players. It is, therefore, imperative that Government continues to play major role in generation Government continues to play major role in generation addition programme.addition programme.

Capacity addition programme to be expedited through Capacity addition programme to be expedited through Public, Private & Public/Private Joint investments. Public, Private & Public/Private Joint investments.

Generation Addition - SuggestionsGeneration Addition - Suggestions

Government has to continue as major playerGovernment has to continue as major player

2121

Coal to remain mainstay to meet base load in near future Coal to remain mainstay to meet base load in near future as required experience & technical know how is as required experience & technical know how is available, however,available, however,We may have to share base load with Nuclear/ Hydro.We may have to share base load with Nuclear/ Hydro.Imported fuel including coal can only supplement that Imported fuel including coal can only supplement that

too, to a limited extent. It can not be a reliable source.too, to a limited extent. It can not be a reliable source.


Coal based plants to be mainstay Coal based plants to be mainstay

2222

To bridge the demand supply gaps expeditiously, following is a To bridge the demand supply gaps expeditiously, following is a must .must .

Massive standardisation of equipment, Sub-systems & Plant Massive standardisation of equipment, Sub-systems & Plant layouts layouts

POWERGRID’s efforts in standardisation has led to reduced POWERGRID’s efforts in standardisation has led to reduced project cycle time by about 2 years and project project cycle time by about 2 years and project implementation without disputesimplementation without disputes

Reserve 50% of orders on BHEL planwise. Balance 50% to be Reserve 50% of orders on BHEL planwise. Balance 50% to be tendered on ICB basis. tendered on ICB basis.

BHEL necessarily to bid. The lowest gets the order. Further, BHEL necessarily to bid. The lowest gets the order. Further, this will establish the benchmark price.this will establish the benchmark price.

Cost based determination of tariff to continue with regulation Cost based determination of tariff to continue with regulation till a sustainable demand and supply balance is achieved.till a sustainable demand and supply balance is achieved.

It is important to build expeditiously coal based projects rather It is important to build expeditiously coal based projects rather than enter into endless debate of unit size, technology etc. than enter into endless debate of unit size, technology etc. These are necessary but not a must.These are necessary but not a must.


Time is the essenceTime is the essence

2323

Hydro Projects, both macro and micro, need to be developed Hydro Projects, both macro and micro, need to be developed expeditiously preferably on war footing basis mainly for energy expeditiously preferably on war footing basis mainly for energy security and to achieve required thermal/ hydro mix of 60:40security and to achieve required thermal/ hydro mix of 60:40For development of hydro projects, set up an Authority with For development of hydro projects, set up an Authority with

following objectives:-following objectives:-Single source to clear projectsSingle source to clear projectsIts decision to be challenged only in the Hon’ble Its decision to be challenged only in the Hon’ble

Supreme Court that too with time limitSupreme Court that too with time limitTo be fully answerable for development and running of To be fully answerable for development and running of

Hydro projectsHydro projectsPreferably, the Authority may be apolitical else cutting Preferably, the Authority may be apolitical else cutting

across political boundariesacross political boundariesRun of the River Hydro Schemes to be run as base load – Run of the River Hydro Schemes to be run as base load –

Needs special attention.Needs special attention.Hydro storage plant to be built to address peak shortages – Hydro storage plant to be built to address peak shortages –

Would be more reliable & cheaper than D.G. sets.Would be more reliable & cheaper than D.G. sets.


Potential for Hydro Generation to be unleashedPotential for Hydro Generation to be unleashed

2424

Gas & oil based Power Plants to be set up Gas & oil based Power Plants to be set up With assured fuel linkages & with long term With assured fuel linkages & with long term

sustainable pricing mechanism sustainable pricing mechanism To be generally used for peaking purpose & as To be generally used for peaking purpose & as

base load for major load centresbase load for major load centres

Nuclear power is technically proven, however, fuel Nuclear power is technically proven, however, fuel availability needs to be addressed. Target should availability needs to be addressed. Target should be to establish about 15-20 % of installed be to establish about 15-20 % of installed capacity in a period of 20 years.capacity in a period of 20 years.

Generally located near load centres, of course Generally located near load centres, of course taking into account safety issues on account of taking into account safety issues on account of militancy, war etc. militancy, war etc.


2525

For commercial sustenance, grid design, operability & For commercial sustenance, grid design, operability & safety, it is desirable to set up power plants with 85 to safety, it is desirable to set up power plants with 85 to 90% of generation capacity on long term contract basis. 90% of generation capacity on long term contract basis. The remaining 10 to 15 % to cater to market. This would The remaining 10 to 15 % to cater to market. This would enable :enable :Avoid gamingAvoid gamingAct as a catalyst to peg the prices for long term Act as a catalyst to peg the prices for long term

contractscontractsGenerate competitionGenerate competitionTo cater to seasonal & day to day variationsTo cater to seasonal & day to day variationsThis would also serve the same purpose as 15% This would also serve the same purpose as 15%

unallocated quota from central generating unitsunallocated quota from central generating unitsLoad centre generation plants to the extent of 50 % for Load centre generation plants to the extent of 50 % for

major & important cities - a must for quick start & stop to major & important cities - a must for quick start & stop to meet exigencies, grid stability etc.meet exigencies, grid stability etc.

With increased population of major cities it is even With increased population of major cities it is even important to set up power plants at several locations to important to set up power plants at several locations to cater to exigenciescater to exigencies


2626

ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATIONCONSERVATION

2828

Shall mitigate the gap between demand and Shall mitigate the gap between demand and supply as well as reduce environmental emissionssupply as well as reduce environmental emissions

Saving potential Saving potential additional 5000 MW at end of X planadditional 5000 MW at end of X planadditional 4000 MW at end of XI planadditional 4000 MW at end of XI planadditional 5500 MW at end of XII planadditional 5500 MW at end of XII plan

Regulatory & promotional rolesRegulatory & promotional rolesSystematic & urgent action plan to make it a Systematic & urgent action plan to make it a

national movementnational movement

b. Energy Conservationb. Energy Conservation

2929

Through :Through :

a) Transmission & Sub-transmission Networka) Transmission & Sub-transmission Network

b) Grid Managementb) Grid ManagementLoad Despatch & dedicated Communication Load Despatch & dedicated Communication

facilitiesfacilities

c) Distribution Networkc) Distribution Network

Security & ReliabilitySecurity & Reliability

3030

TRANSMISSITRANSMISSIONON&&

SUB-SUB-TRANSMISSITRANSMISSI

ONONNETWORKSNETWORKS

3232

Investment in the Sector Investment in the Sector

Electricity outlook 2003 published by International Electricity outlook 2003 published by International Energy Association (IEA) envisages an Energy Association (IEA) envisages an investment of about US $ 16 Trillion in Energy investment of about US $ 16 Trillion in Energy sector from 2003-30 or US $ 568 billion / year. sector from 2003-30 or US $ 568 billion / year. Out of thisOut of this

US $ 10 Trillion in Power Sector (60%), out of US $ 10 Trillion in Power Sector (60%), out of this, this,

US $ 5.5 Trillion in Transmission & US $ 5.5 Trillion in Transmission & Distribution (T&D) which is 55% of total Distribution (T&D) which is 55% of total investment in power sectorinvestment in power sector

TRANSMISSION & SUB-TRANSMISSION & SUB-TRANSMISSION NETWORKSTRANSMISSION NETWORKS

3333

Priority to generation Priority to generation 50:50 investment in generation and T&D 50:50 investment in generation and T&D

recommended, however, at present 72:28recommended, however, at present 72:28Popular belief that T&D will automatically develop Popular belief that T&D will automatically develop

if generation is establishedif generation is establishedAlmost similar thought process exists in Almost similar thought process exists in

developed and developing countriesdeveloped and developing countries

Present StatusPresent Status

34

Energy Resource MapEnergy Resource MapHydro potential in Hydro potential in

NER and upper NER and upper part of NRpart of NR

Coal reserves Coal reserves mainly in ERmainly in ER

For optimal For optimal utilisation of utilisation of resources – strong resources – strong National GridNational Grid

3535

Started Commercial operation in 1992-93 with the Started Commercial operation in 1992-93 with the mission of Establishment and operation of mission of Establishment and operation of Regional & National Power GridRegional & National Power Grid

Carries 45% of Country’s generated electricity Carries 45% of Country’s generated electricity Transmission Network - 56,317 Ckt. Kms. of EHV Transmission Network - 56,317 Ckt. Kms. of EHV Sub-Stations – 95Sub-Stations – 95Network availability - above 99.7%Network availability - above 99.7%

POWERGRID – The Central Transmission UtilityPOWERGRID – The Central Transmission Utility

3636

Right of Way, Conservation of Right of Way, Conservation of forests, flora & faunaforests, flora & fauna

Resettlement & RehabilitationResettlement & Rehabilitation Integrated Transmission System Integrated Transmission System

planning and selection of proper planning and selection of proper technology to mitigate above technology to mitigate above issuesissues

Challenges in setting up Transmission NetworksChallenges in setting up Transmission Networksand National Gridand National Grid

3737

Hybrid system comprising of HVDC & EHVAC Hybrid system comprising of HVDC & EHVAC Transmission System upto 800 kV with Transmission System upto 800 kV with multi Ckts. Or moremulti Ckts. Or more

Upgrading & Uprating of existing Upgrading & Uprating of existing transmission corridorstransmission corridors

Extra High Towers with multi circuits to Extra High Towers with multi circuits to avoid deforestation and protection of wild avoid deforestation and protection of wild lifelife

Compact Towers to reduce Right Of WayCompact Towers to reduce Right Of Way Use of fixed & variable Series Compensator Use of fixed & variable Series Compensator

(FACTS)(FACTS) High Temperature Conductors for increased High Temperature Conductors for increased

LoadingLoading

Addressing the Right of Way Issues etcAddressing the Right of Way Issues etc

38

Chicken Neck AreaChicken Neck Area

39

1

DOUBLE CIRCUIT TOWER

( 45 Mtr. High)

MULTI CIRCUIT TOWER

( 70 Mtr. High)

4

2

312

40

220 KV S/C Chukha-Birpara line upgraded 220 KV S/C Chukha-Birpara line upgraded with 400/220 KV multi-circuit line in with 400/220 KV multi-circuit line in

Jaldapara Sanctuary without felling of single Jaldapara Sanctuary without felling of single treetree

4141

9-25mtrs.

50mtrs

Forest & Wild Life ProtectionForest & Wild Life Protection

4242

140 meter tall tower140 meter tall tower

4343

800 kV Compact Tower800 kV Compact Tower800 kV Normal Tower800 kV Normal Tower

ROW – 85 mtrsROW – 85 mtrsROW – 64 mtrsROW – 64 mtrs

44

Proposed 400 Proposed 400 kV Compact kV Compact Single pole Single pole

tower tower at Delhi & at Delhi &

NoidaNoida

45

Benefits of Series CompensationBenefits of Series Compensation

Direct benefits Direct benefits Saving in Saving in

investment investment Increase in Increase in

capacity capacity

Indirect Indirect benefits benefits

No No additional additional corridorcorridor

46

Transmission Projects - Environmentally clean Transmission Projects - Environmentally clean and non Pollutingand non Polluting

Not covered under Environment (Protection) act, Not covered under Environment (Protection) act, 1986 except in two Districts i.e. Gurgaon and 1986 except in two Districts i.e. Gurgaon and AlwarAlwar

YetYet POWERGRID is the first PSU to develop POWERGRID is the first PSU to develop

Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures Environmental and Social Policy & Procedures (ESPP) in 1998 and upgraded it in line with (ESPP) in 1998 and upgraded it in line with changes and International best practices in 2005 changes and International best practices in 2005 to pre-empt all possible Environment & Social to pre-empt all possible Environment & Social issues through proper & timely managementissues through proper & timely management

Addressing resettlement & Addressing resettlement & Rehabilitation IssuesRehabilitation Issues

47

EnvironmentalEnvironmental Avoidance, minimisation & mitigation of (Forest, Avoidance, minimisation & mitigation of (Forest,

National parks & Sanctuaries, Monuments etc.)National parks & Sanctuaries, Monuments etc.) Conservation & protection of natural resourcesConservation & protection of natural resources Efficient & safe technology practicesEfficient & safe technology practices

PRINCIPLES OF ESPPPRINCIPLES OF ESPP

SocialSocial Avoidance, minimisation & mitigation in Avoidance, minimisation & mitigation in

habituated area, tribal area through land habituated area, tribal area through land management.management.

Public consultationPublic consultation Health & safetyHealth & safety Progressive entitlements to Project Affected Progressive entitlements to Project Affected

PersonPerson

4848

Total Forest involvement reduced from 6% to 2% Total Forest involvement reduced from 6% to 2% after implementation of ESPP since 1998after implementation of ESPP since 1998

Timely project implementation without any Timely project implementation without any rehabilitation and resettlement disputes.rehabilitation and resettlement disputes.

Land use pattern traversed in

27000 Ckt. Km (till 1998)

6%

64%

28%

2%Forest

Agricultural land

Revenue land

Others

Benefits of ESPPBenefits of ESPP

4949

PlanningPlanning It needs a paradigm shift from our existing It needs a paradigm shift from our existing

approach of approach of ““N-1” redundancy criteria for the system N-1” redundancy criteria for the system

to feed major cities, cluster of industries etc., to feed major cities, cluster of industries etc., to -to -““N-2” where same voltage level N-2” where same voltage level

exists/plannedexists/planned““N-1” criteria for each voltage level where N-1” criteria for each voltage level where

different voltage level exist / planneddifferent voltage level exist / planned For HVDC system, “N-1” criteria may continue For HVDC system, “N-1” criteria may continue

to follow with redundancy in parallel AC to follow with redundancy in parallel AC networknetwork

Integrated Transmission System Integrated Transmission System Development - SuggestionsDevelopment - Suggestions

5050

Laying of high capacity EHV multi-circuit Laying of high capacity EHV multi-circuit towers near major load centres, forest areas towers near major load centres, forest areas and near cluster of generating stations (e.g and near cluster of generating stations (e.g Singrauli, Korba, Arunachal Pradesh etc.) to Singrauli, Korba, Arunachal Pradesh etc.) to address sustainable Right-of-Way issue address sustainable Right-of-Way issue

It is desirable to undertake It is desirable to undertake upgradation/uprating of existing transmission upgradation/uprating of existing transmission lines through Hot line erection to utilise ROWlines through Hot line erection to utilise ROW

Establishment of GIS in cities, near major load Establishment of GIS in cities, near major load centres/cluster of generating stations and/or centres/cluster of generating stations and/or replace existing S/s with GIS to address replace existing S/s with GIS to address soaring prices of landsoaring prices of land


5151

Operation & MaintenanceOperation & Maintenance

Patrolling of transmission line through Patrolling of transmission line through Helicopter and thermovision scaning Helicopter and thermovision scaning

Hot line washing through HelicopterHot line washing through Helicopter

Design review of transformer Design review of transformer


5252

Development of National Grid on continual basis with sufficient Development of National Grid on continual basis with sufficient inter regional power transfer capacity is critical for long term inter regional power transfer capacity is critical for long term sustenance of the sectorsustenance of the sector

Inter regional (National Grid) power transfer capacity could be Inter regional (National Grid) power transfer capacity could be achieved on following criteria :achieved on following criteria :To cater to unallocated power (10-15% of Central Sector To cater to unallocated power (10-15% of Central Sector

Generation) and also 15% merchant share from Generation) and also 15% merchant share from IPPs/other generatorsIPPs/other generators

To cater to 10% of Captive Power Projects surpluses To cater to 10% of Captive Power Projects surpluses which is equivalent to 2% of installed capacitywhich is equivalent to 2% of installed capacity

5% extra capacity to take care of extreme seasonal 5% extra capacity to take care of extreme seasonal variation viz. very cold/hot, heavy rains or natural variation viz. very cold/hot, heavy rains or natural calamities like flood, earthquake etc.calamities like flood, earthquake etc.

Say Total 25 %Say Total 25 %

National Grid capacity envisaged as –National Grid capacity envisaged as –

By 11th Plan (2012) :By 11th Plan (2012) : 37,000 MW37,000 MW

By 12th Plan (2017) : By 12th Plan (2017) : 50,000 MW50,000 MW

National Grid – A Continuing ProcessNational Grid – A Continuing Process

53

National Grid

National Grid’s Growth matching with Generation & Demand

PresentInter-regional

Capacity- 9,500 MW

By 2012Inter-regional

Capacity>37,150MW

Generation Growth (GW)

Inter-regional capacity

Investment Requirement Investment Requirement

during 11during 11thth Plan : US$1000 Plan : US$1000

BillionBillion

Generation:US$50 BillionGeneration:US$50 Billion

Trans, Distr & RE : US$50 Trans, Distr & RE : US$50

BillionBillion

Inter-regional exchange

• Invest Defd : USD 6 Bn

1

54

SUB TRANSMISSIONSUB TRANSMISSION

1

55

Commensurate development of Sub-Commensurate development of Sub-transmission at 220kV/132kV/66/33kV transmission at 220kV/132kV/66/33kV networks is a must networks is a must

However, Sub-transmission sector is a However, Sub-transmission sector is a small entity –small entity –Not having enough fund as well as Not having enough fund as well as

trained manpowertrained manpowerLimited growth prospect and difficulty Limited growth prospect and difficulty

in commercial sustainabilityin commercial sustainabilityLeast priority on O&M of system due to Least priority on O&M of system due to

lack of fund etclack of fund etc

SUB TRANSMISSIONSUB TRANSMISSION

5656

Development of HVDC/ 800kV/400kV network with CTUDevelopment of HVDC/ 800kV/400kV network with CTU 1000 kV lines to supplement 765 kV network to 1000 kV lines to supplement 765 kV network to

economise on Right of Way for long term sustenanceeconomise on Right of Way for long term sustenance Uprate and upgrade existing transmission corridors to Uprate and upgrade existing transmission corridors to

enhance their capacity in a big wayenhance their capacity in a big way Regional level Sub-transmission entities may be Regional level Sub-transmission entities may be

formed clubbing all the respective State’s sub-formed clubbing all the respective State’s sub-transmission assets (220kV/132kV/110/66/33kV) transmission assets (220kV/132kV/110/66/33kV)

They would be responsible for network development They would be responsible for network development and its O&M and its O&M

Chairman of each Regional Sub-transmission entity Chairman of each Regional Sub-transmission entity shall be on rotation basis from the participating States shall be on rotation basis from the participating States

Central Govt. agencies to monitor the development Central Govt. agencies to monitor the development and performance of these entitiesand performance of these entities

Transmission & Sub-Transmission Transmission & Sub-Transmission Development - SuggestionsDevelopment - Suggestions

5757

Load Despatch & Load Despatch & Communication FacilitiesCommunication Facilities

Grid ManagementGrid Management

5858

Crucial for effective management of the Grid

RTU RTU RTU

SUB LDC SUB LDC SUB LDC

SLDC SLDC SLDC

ERLDC WRLDC NRLDC SRLDC NERLDC

NLDC

Hierarchical Diagram of Communication SystemHierarchical Diagram of Communication System


5959

NLDC : Being set up by POWERGRIDNLDC : Being set up by POWERGRID

RLDCs already set up and being managed RLDCs already set up and being managed by POWERGRIDby POWERGRID

State Load Despatch Centre (SLDC) State Load Despatch Centre (SLDC) backed up by sub state Load Despatch backed up by sub state Load Despatch Centres already set upCentres already set up


6060

Transparent communication exists between Transparent communication exists between RLDCs and SLDCs/ Sub SLDCsRLDCs and SLDCs/ Sub SLDCs

Similar transparency needed between Similar transparency needed between SLDC, distributors and consumersSLDC, distributors and consumers

Transparency and effective communication Transparency and effective communication leads to leads to Increased awarenessIncreased awarenessCommercialisationCommercialisationEconomyEconomy


6161

Grid DisturbanceGrid DisturbanceNo major Grid Disturbance in last 3½ yearsNo major Grid Disturbance in last 3½ yearsNo. of Partial Grid disturbances reduced from No. of Partial Grid disturbances reduced from

sixties / seventies to single digitsixties / seventies to single digit Frequency Frequency

Frequency excursions mostly in the operating Frequency excursions mostly in the operating band as specified in GRID CODE band as specified in GRID CODE

VoltageVoltageImprovement in voltage profileImprovement in voltage profile

Inter-regional exchangesInter-regional exchangesIncreased from 8,145 MUs (2000-01) to 34,800 Increased from 8,145 MUs (2000-01) to 34,800

MUs(2005-06)MUs(2005-06)Higher peak / comsumer Demand met from Higher peak / comsumer Demand met from

existing generating capacityexisting generating capacity

Grid PerformanceGrid Performance

62

Grid Disturbances (Nos)Grid Disturbances (Nos)

63

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

1995-961996-971997-981998-991999-002000-012001-022002-032003-042004-052005-06

YEAR

% O

F T

IME

NorthernRegion Western Region Southern Region Eastern Region

POST ABT / ULDC

PRE ABT / ULDC

64

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

0:0

1

1:0

1

2:0

1

3:0

1

4:0

1

5:0

1

6:0

1

7:0

1

8:0

1

9:0

1

10:0

1

11:0

1

12:0

1

13:0

1

14:0

1

15:0

1

16:0

1

17:0

1

18:0

1

19:0

1

20:0

1

21:0

1

22:0

1

23:0

1

TIME IN HRS --->

VO

LTA

GE I

N K

V -

-->

2005

2002

2004

2003

COMPARISION OF BANGALORE VOLTAGE ON TYPICAL DAYS IN LAST FOUR YEARS

65Year --

MU

s -

-Inter Regional ExchangeInter Regional Exchange

6666

In FY 2005-06, energy exchange of 34800 MU worth In FY 2005-06, energy exchange of 34800 MU worth Rs. 7000 Crore took place, which broadly translates Rs. 7000 Crore took place, which broadly translates to deferred investment of Rs. 27000 Crore, to deferred investment of Rs. 27000 Crore, equivalent to setting up of 6800MW power equivalent to setting up of 6800MW power generation capacity. generation capacity.

Enhanced utilization of un-harnessed capacityEnhanced utilization of un-harnessed capacityRs. 13000 Crore worth of energy transacted Rs. 13000 Crore worth of energy transacted

through open market mechanism in 2005-06.through open market mechanism in 2005-06.Saving of Rs. 1750 Crore achieved by backing Saving of Rs. 1750 Crore achieved by backing

down expensive liquid fuel generationdown expensive liquid fuel generationSouthern Region started conserving water to Southern Region started conserving water to

meet peak demandmeet peak demandKadamparai & Srisailam Hydro Power Plants Kadamparai & Srisailam Hydro Power Plants

started operation in pumped storage mode to started operation in pumped storage mode to meet peak demand meet peak demand

Economy achieved through Inter Economy achieved through Inter Regional Exchange & effective Grid Regional Exchange & effective Grid

ManagementManagement

6767

Development of intelligent Grid with State-Development of intelligent Grid with State-of-the-Art features likeof-the-Art features likeWide Area ManagementWide Area ManagementAdoptive islandingAdoptive islandingSelf healing GridsSelf healing GridsProbabilistic Assessment, Dynamic Probabilistic Assessment, Dynamic

Stability Assessment and Voltage Stability Assessment and Voltage Stability Assessment (VSA) technique Stability Assessment (VSA) technique etc.etc.

SLDCs to be managed by POWERGRIDSLDCs to be managed by POWERGRID

Grid Management – Future Grid Management – Future PerspectivePerspective

6868

Inter-National Inter-National ExchangesExchanges

6969

Economy in generationEconomy in generationAdvantage from time diversityAdvantage from time diversityReduction in operation cost through Reduction in operation cost through

improved resource managementimproved resource management Reduction in investment for spinning Reduction in investment for spinning

reservesreserves Improved reliability, stability and efficiencyImproved reliability, stability and efficiency Reduced length of transmission lineReduced length of transmission line

Reduction in capital costReduction in capital costReduction in lossesReduction in losses

Facilitate clean development - reduced GHG Facilitate clean development - reduced GHG emissionemission

Better hydro-thermal mixBetter hydro-thermal mix

International Grid Interconnections - International Grid Interconnections - BenefitsBenefits

70

South Asian Countries Around IndiaSouth Asian Countries Around India

ChinaChinaChina

India

Nepal

Bangladesh

Bhutan

7171

Chukha HEP (4x84 MW), Chukha HEP (4x84 MW), Bhutan connected with Bhutan connected with Indian systemIndian system

Kurichu HEP (4x15 MW) Kurichu HEP (4x15 MW) of Bhutan connected to of Bhutan connected to Indian Grid Indian Grid 132kV Geylegphug -132kV Geylegphug -

SalakatiSalakati Tala HEP(1020MW) to be Tala HEP(1020MW) to be

interconnected with interconnected with Indian grid by 2006Indian grid by 2006

India – Bhutan Grid Interconnection India – Bhutan Grid Interconnection – An Experience– An Experience

7272

Bhutan Bhutan Economic benefit - about US$ 58 million Economic benefit - about US$ 58 million

annually through exchange of Chukha & annually through exchange of Chukha & Kurichu PowerKurichu Power

IndiaIndiaAccess to clean powerAccess to clean powerImproved grid controllability and Improved grid controllability and

stabilitystability

Advantages of India – Bhutan Grid Advantages of India – Bhutan Grid InterconnectionInterconnection

7373

Presently 16 nos. links at 132/33/11 kV voltage levelPresently 16 nos. links at 132/33/11 kV voltage level About 50 MW power being exchangedAbout 50 MW power being exchanged Net export to Nepal (about 10% of demand of Nepal Net export to Nepal (about 10% of demand of Nepal

met through imports from India)met through imports from India) Supply of 70MU/annum from Tanakpur (India) to Supply of 70MU/annum from Tanakpur (India) to

NepalNepal

India – Nepal Grid InterconnectionIndia – Nepal Grid Interconnection

7474

More hydro projects envisaged to come up in More hydro projects envisaged to come up in BhutanBhutanPunatsangechu - IPunatsangechu - I : 1000 MW: 1000 MWPunatsangechu - IIPunatsangechu - II : 1000 MW: 1000 MWMangdechuMangdechu : 600 MW: 600 MWSankoshSankosh : 4060 MW: 4060 MW

High Capacity HVDC Transmission System High Capacity HVDC Transmission System envisagedenvisaged

Interconnection – Future ScopeInterconnection – Future Scope

7575

India - NepalIndia - Nepal Indo-Nepal Power Exchange Committee Indo-Nepal Power Exchange Committee

recommended for construction additional 132kV lines recommended for construction additional 132kV lines Anandnagar (IndiaAnandnagar (India) - ) - Butwal (NepalButwal (Nepal) ) Motihari (IndiaMotihari (India)) - Birganj Nepal- Birganj Nepal Sitamarhi (India) – Dhalkebar (NepalSitamarhi (India) – Dhalkebar (Nepal))

Large potential projects being considered for Large potential projects being considered for development and export of power to Indiadevelopment and export of power to India West Seti HEPWest Seti HEP 750 MW750 MW Arun HEPArun HEP 685 MW685 MW Pancheshwar HEP Pancheshwar HEP 6,500 MW6,500 MW

India – Sri LankaIndia – Sri LankaProposal for interconnection of Sri Lanka with Proposal for interconnection of Sri Lanka with

Southern Regional Grid of India has been under Southern Regional Grid of India has been under discussiondiscussion

Interconnection – Future Scope .. Interconnection – Future Scope .. ContdContd

7676

India – MyanmarIndia – MyanmarTamanthi HEP in Myanmar –2300 MWTamanthi HEP in Myanmar –2300 MW

India BangladeshIndia BangladeshEast Zone of Bangladesh (generation dominated) East Zone of Bangladesh (generation dominated)

shares border with the NER of Indiashares border with the NER of IndiaBangladesh can supply power to NER IndiaBangladesh can supply power to NER India

West Zone of Bangladesh (load dominated) West Zone of Bangladesh (load dominated) shares border with the Eastern Region of Indiashares border with the Eastern Region of India India can supply power to Western BangladeshIndia can supply power to Western Bangladesh

India may consider expeditious solutions to expedite such exchanges

Interconnection – Future Scope .. Interconnection – Future Scope .. ContdContd

7777

DISTRIBUTDISTRIBUTION ION

NETWORKNETWORKSS

7878

Issues ailing the distribution system are:Issues ailing the distribution system are:Inadequate infrastructureInadequate infrastructureAge old distribution system, both in cities and Age old distribution system, both in cities and

villagesvillagesAlmost nonexistent system of maintenance of Almost nonexistent system of maintenance of

infrastructureinfrastructureNon recovery of full tariffNon recovery of full tariffReal time monitoring and communication with Real time monitoring and communication with

consumers missingconsumers missingLeast priority to Rural AreasLeast priority to Rural Areas

Even though 75% of the economy is rural Even though 75% of the economy is rural based – based –

so as the political massso as the political mass

Distribution & Rural ElectrificationDistribution & Rural Electrification

7979

To improve the same, GoI has taken following To improve the same, GoI has taken following steps : steps : For towns, Accelerated Power development & For towns, Accelerated Power development &

Reforms Programme (APDRP) Reforms Programme (APDRP) For rural areas, Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vikas For rural areas, Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vikas

Yojana (RGGVY)Yojana (RGGVY) APDRP: works worth Rs.17,612 Cr. undertakenAPDRP: works worth Rs.17,612 Cr. undertaken RGGVY: works worth Rs.16,000 Cr. undertakenRGGVY: works worth Rs.16,000 Cr. undertaken These schemes are being implemented by : These schemes are being implemented by :

State Electricity BoardsState Electricity BoardsState Electricity Boards and Central PSUsState Electricity Boards and Central PSUsCPSUs on behalf of State Electricity BoardsCPSUs on behalf of State Electricity Boards


8080

To address all the above issues, following To address all the above issues, following are suggested :are suggested :

A. Segregate Rural from Urban A. Segregate Rural from Urban Distribution SystemDistribution System

B. Separation of Wire from SupplyB. Separation of Wire from Supply


81

Central / State Transmission800/400 KV

Urban Electricity Infrastructure- Privatise/State Govt. 33/11 KV

State / Central Rural Electrification agency 33/11 KV

State Sub- Transmission / PrivateDistribution220/132 / 66 KV

A. Segregation of Urban and Rural A. Segregation of Urban and Rural Distribution SystemDistribution System

8282

A1. URBAN AREASA1. URBAN AREAS These areas become commercially These areas become commercially

attractive due to attractive due to Limited coverage area Limited coverage area Less capital requirementLess capital requirementManageable wire infrastructure both during Manageable wire infrastructure both during

installation and operation installation and operation Fair control on theft Fair control on theft

Almost ‘Nil’ subsidies involvedAlmost ‘Nil’ subsidies involved Much higher consumption (70 – 75%)Much higher consumption (70 – 75%) Therefore, private investment could be Therefore, private investment could be

successfully brought in urban areas.successfully brought in urban areas.

A. Segregation of Urban and Rural Distribution A. Segregation of Urban and Rural Distribution System - AdvantagesSystem - Advantages

8383

A2. RURAL AREASA2. RURAL AREAS Rural Area gets due priorityRural Area gets due priority Following issues associated with Rural Areas Following issues associated with Rural Areas

get focused attentionget focused attentionRemote locationRemote locationMeager consumption thus low returnsMeager consumption thus low returnsWide spread area resulting in high installation Wide spread area resulting in high installation

costcostHigh subsidiesHigh subsidies

Thus, Infrastructure Development in rural Thus, Infrastructure Development in rural areas may have to continue with the areas may have to continue with the Government.Government.

A. Segregation of Urban and Rural Distribution A. Segregation of Urban and Rural Distribution System - AdvantagesSystem - Advantages

8484

X. Wire Business - Setting up of X. Wire Business - Setting up of infrastructure up to Distribution Transformer infrastructure up to Distribution Transformer (33/11/0.4 kV) and its O&M May be (33/11/0.4 kV) and its O&M May be Privatised/continued with State GovernmentPrivatised/continued with State Government

Y. Supply Business – Supply to end Y. Supply Business – Supply to end consumers from Distribution Transformers consumers from Distribution Transformers (11/0.4 kV) including Metering, Billing and (11/0.4 kV) including Metering, Billing and CollectionCollectionIt is a fit case to be offered to Private It is a fit case to be offered to Private

entity(s)/ local bodies / Franchisees etc.entity(s)/ local bodies / Franchisees etc.

B. Separation of Wire Business & B. Separation of Wire Business & Supply - UrbanSupply - Urban

85

Distribution Transformer33/11/0.4 KV

Domestic

Commercial & Industry

Wire business ends here

Supply business begins here

Wire business begins here

Block level132/66 KV

Metering Collection

Billing

STATE / PRIVATE

PRIVATE


8686

WIRE BUSINESS: Two models are suggestedWIRE BUSINESS: Two models are suggestedModel I - Development of Rural electricity Model I - Development of Rural electricity

infrastructure and O&M by the Stateinfrastructure and O&M by the State90% grant to be provided for developing 90% grant to be provided for developing

infrastructureinfrastructureO&M cost to be borne by the StateO&M cost to be borne by the StateA central agency to oversee the A central agency to oversee the

establishment of wire from concept to establishment of wire from concept to commissioning, its O&M and future expansion.commissioning, its O&M and future expansion.

Model II – A Central Agency for establishment Model II – A Central Agency for establishment and O&M of Rural electricity infrastructureand O&M of Rural electricity infrastructure100% grant by GoI for establishing wire100% grant by GoI for establishing wireO&M of wires, about 2.5-3% of establishment O&M of wires, about 2.5-3% of establishment

cost, may be given as grant by GoIcost, may be given as grant by GoI

B. Separation of Wire Business & B. Separation of Wire Business & Supply - RuralSupply - Rural

8787

SUPPLY BUSINESS-SUPPLY BUSINESS-Setting up of supply network from Setting up of supply network from

Distribution Transformer (11/0.4kV) of a Distribution Transformer (11/0.4kV) of a village to end consumersvillage to end consumers

Installation of Meters, Billing and Installation of Meters, Billing and CollectionCollection

May be offered to Local bodies / May be offered to Local bodies / Panchayats / Franchaisess etc.Panchayats / Franchaisess etc.

BPL consumers to be clubbed into a BPL consumers to be clubbed into a number of clusters with single meter number of clusters with single meter feeding to each clusterfeeding to each cluster

B. Separation of Wire Business & B. Separation of Wire Business & Supply - RuralSupply - Rural

8888

Distribution Transformer33/11/0.4 KV

BPL Domestic

Agriculture

Industry

Single Phase


Supply businessbegins here

Three Phase

Wire businessbegins here

Block level132/66 KV

Metering Billing Collection

STATE / Central Agency

PRIVATE


8989

Single agency for development of wire network from Single agency for development of wire network from concept to commissioning, its operation & concept to commissioning, its operation & maintenance and future expansionmaintenance and future expansion

Reliability and availability of “wire system” assuredReliability and availability of “wire system” assured Open access at the lowest level feasibleOpen access at the lowest level feasible Economic viability of the wire agencyEconomic viability of the wire agency Supply agency not burdened with infrastructure Supply agency not burdened with infrastructure

development and its O&Mdevelopment and its O&M Supply agency can disconnect nonpaying customersSupply agency can disconnect nonpaying customers Self monitored theft control as Consumer becomes Self monitored theft control as Consumer becomes

custodian of the local facilitiescustodian of the local facilities Enable clear visibility of GoI grant through the Enable clear visibility of GoI grant through the

pricing of cost to serve various categories of pricing of cost to serve various categories of consumersconsumers

Advantages of Separation of Wire Advantages of Separation of Wire & Supply& Supply

9090

Money, being one of the important motivating Money, being one of the important motivating factor, Government & Private Companies factor, Government & Private Companies have been making earnest attempt to have been making earnest attempt to address the sameaddress the same

SuggestionSuggestionTo bring in efficiency in Power Sector, which is To bring in efficiency in Power Sector, which is

presently experiencing shortage of suitable presently experiencing shortage of suitable manpower, we may consider to form Joint manpower, we may consider to form Joint Venture companies with the employees Venture companies with the employees

To begin with, small projects may be taken upTo begin with, small projects may be taken upSuch a joint Venture company be managed by Such a joint Venture company be managed by

an Independent Board of Directors for an Independent Board of Directors for transparency.transparency.

Employees – A Stake HolderEmployees – A Stake Holder

9191

Increase in Generation – more reliance on Nuclear & Increase in Generation – more reliance on Nuclear & HydroHydro

Imported fuel to meet limited requirementsImported fuel to meet limited requirements Hydro Authority with full responsibilityHydro Authority with full responsibility Expeditious Harnessing of non-conventional energy Expeditious Harnessing of non-conventional energy

resources resources Development of strong National Grid to continueDevelopment of strong National Grid to continue Development of HVDC / 800kV / 400 kV network with Development of HVDC / 800kV / 400 kV network with

CTUCTU Formation of Regional level Sub-transmission entities Formation of Regional level Sub-transmission entities

clubbing all the respective State’s sub-transmission clubbing all the respective State’s sub-transmission assets (220kV/132kV/110/66/33kV)assets (220kV/132kV/110/66/33kV)

Isolation of Rural Electrification Infrastructure from Isolation of Rural Electrification Infrastructure from Urban areas and separation of wire business from Urban areas and separation of wire business from supply to shield the wire business from the risk of supply to shield the wire business from the risk of collection, making it a viable entitycollection, making it a viable entity

SummarisingSummarising

9292

Formation of a central agency for establishment / Formation of a central agency for establishment / oversee and O&M of Rural electricity oversee and O&M of Rural electricity infrastructureinfrastructure

Sustenance through people --Right people at the Sustenance through people --Right people at the right placeright place

Start dialogue with neighbouring countries for Start dialogue with neighbouring countries for power exchangepower exchange

Needs paradigm shift from present Trans. Needs paradigm shift from present Trans. planning approach especially for system feeding planning approach especially for system feeding to major cities, cluster of major industries to to major cities, cluster of major industries to ““N-2” where same voltage level exists/plannedN-2” where same voltage level exists/planned““N-1” criteria for each voltage level where N-1” criteria for each voltage level where

different voltage level exists/planneddifferent voltage level exists/planned

SummarisingSummarising

93

Thank Thank YouYou

9494

Security & ReliabilityThrough :Through :

a) a) Transmission & Sub-transmission Transmission & Sub-transmission NetworkNetwork

b) b) Grid ManagementGrid Management Load Despatch & dedicated Communication facilitiesLoad Despatch & dedicated Communication facilities


9595

TRANSMISSION & SUB-TRANSMISSION

NETWORKS

9696

A. Segregation of Urban & A. Segregation of Urban & Rural Distribution - Rural Distribution -

AdvantagesAdvantages

A2. RURAL AREAS Rural Area gets due priority Following issues associated with Rural Areas get

focused attention Remote location Meager consumption thus low returns Wide spread area resulting in high installation cost High subsidies

Thus, Infrastructure Development in rural areas may have to continue with the Government.

98

A. Generation

B. Central / state

Transmission,

800/400/220/132/66 KV

Urban Electricity Infrastructure- Privatise/State Govt.

Rural Electricity Infrastructure-

Rs. 1.75

Rs. 1.75+0.26=Rs. 2.01

B = Rs. 0.26

9999

Village level11/0.4 KV

BPL Domestic

Agriculture


Single Phase



Three Phase

Cost to Serve

C = Rs. 1.09

D = Rs. 0.53

A+B+C+D= A+B+C+D= Rs. 2.01+1.09+0.53=3.63Rs. 2.01+1.09+0.53=3.63

Actual Actual CostCost

100100

Village level11/0.4 KV

BPL Domestic

Agriculture


Single Phase



Three Phase

Cost to Serve

C = Rs. 0.28

D = Rs. 0.25

A+B+C+D= A+B+C+D= Rs. 2.01+0.28+0.25=2.54Rs. 2.01+0.28+0.25=2.54

Through Through RGGVYRGGVY

101101

Rural Electricity Infrastructure

Su

pp

ly

arr

an

gem

en

t

Agriculture

Below Poverty Level (BPL)

Industrial+ CommercialPrice = Actual Cost, Say Rs. 3.63 per Unit

Price = Say Rs. 1.3 per Unit – does not include cost of rural infrastructure (Rs. 1.09 per unit) – a visible subsidy by GoI grant

• Single meter for cluster of houses with Rationing of supply (limited energy)

• Cross subsidy from Industrial consumers

DomesticPrice = Subsidsed Cost, Say Rs. 2.54 per Unit

102102

Security & ReliabilityThrough :Through :

a) a) Transmission & Sub-transmission Transmission & Sub-transmission NetworkNetwork

b) b) Grid ManagementGrid Management Load Despatch & dedicated Communication facilitiesLoad Despatch & dedicated Communication facilities


103103

TRANSMISSION & SUB-TRANSMISSION

NETWORKS

104104

A. Segregation of Urban & A. Segregation of Urban & Rural Distribution - Rural Distribution -

AdvantagesAdvantages

A2. RURAL AREAS Rural Area gets due priority Following issues associated with Rural Areas get

focused attention Remote location Meager consumption thus low returns Wide spread area resulting in high installation cost High subsidies

Thus, Infrastructure Development in rural areas may have to continue with the Government.

105105

India – Dominated by Coal

Bangladesh – Dominated by natural gas

Bhutan – High dependence on hydro

Nepal – High dependence on hydro

Pakistan – Largely petroleum and natural gas

Sri Lanka – Dependence on petroleum

106106

Evolving Open Electricity market

Countries with limited resources would be benefited, e.g. Sri Lanka

Thermal resources – cheaper to transport in electricity form; Hydro resources – can only be transported in electricity form

Huge hydro Resources of Bhutan can be effectively utilised

Export countries benefited economically, Import countries benefited by deferring investment towards setting up power plants

Opportunities for Opportunities for InterconnectionInterconnection

107107

Efficiency Gain A large portion of losses beyond DT is taken

care by supplier/trader Reduction in manpower of the “wire”

company as metering at 11 KV level only Metering, Billing and Collection by

supplier/trader A cluster of BPL consumers shall be provided

supply from a single meter

1 dr. r.p.singh cmd, powergrid. 2 rldc::brain generation ::heart sub-transmission:: sub arteries...

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