1 different video properties video standards different countries use different video standards for...
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1 Different Video Properties Video Standards
Different countries use different video standards for broadcasting
Video standard Countries
PAL The United Kingdom, most countries in Europe, Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Australia
NTSC The United States, Japan, Taiwan
SECAM France, Russia
TV display standards in different countries
1 Different Video Properties Frames
Digitized video consists of a number of frames
Slightly different frames are displayed successively at high speed → continuous motion
A video actually consists of individual frames
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 7 Frame 8
Frame 9 Frame 10 Frame 11 Frame 12 Frame 13 Frame 14 Frame 15 Frame 16
1 Different Video Properties Frame Size
The width and height of individual frames Larger frame size → higher video quality
→ larger file size
Frame size Aspect ratio Application
720 × 576 5 : 4 PAL DVD
480 × 576 5 : 6 PAL SVCD
352 × 288 11 : 9 PAL VCD
240 × 180 4 : 3 Web video
160 × 120 4 : 3Web video or
video mail
Common video frame sizes
1 Different Video Properties Frame Rate
The number of video frames displayed on the screen in one second
Measured in frames per second (fps) Higher frame rate (above 24 fps) → smoother motion
Frame rate (fps) Multimedia system
30 NTSC TV
25 PAL TV
24 Movie films
15 Computer video or animation (such as Flash
movies)12Some common video frame rates and corresponding multimedia systems
1 Different Video Properties Codec (Compressor and Decompressor)
The software used to compress and decompress video files Compression reduces the storage space and the video access time
Original video
Compressed videoCompression Decompressio
n
Storage Decompressed video
(playback)This step requires the appropriate codec installed on user’s computer
1 Different Video Properties Codec
Different codecs use different methods to compress video
Some common codecsMPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4Windows Media Video (WMV)DivX
2 Capture Digital Video Concept
To capture digital video, it is necessary to haveA capturing device (a camcorder)A storage mediumVideo encoding hardware and software
Video encoding
hardware and software
Video capturing
device
Storage medium
2 Capture Digital Video Examples
Video capturing devicesDV camcorderDigital cameraWebcam
Video encoding hardware / SoftwareVideo capture cardMay use USB connection to the computer and encoded by a
software
2 Capture Digital Video Examples
A video capture card (top left) and an external video capturing device (bottom left). VideoStudio, the video capturing and editing software (right).
3 Common Video File Formats Audio Video Interleave (AVI)
Windows video format developed by Microsoft
Large file size in uncompressed format
The same 15-second AVI video in 3 formats
AVI (MPEG-4 codec)File size: 3.28 MB
AVI (Cinepak Codec by Radius)
File size: 13.1 MB
AVI (uncompressed)File size: 111 MB
3 Common Video File Formats Motion Picture Experts Group
(MPEG, MPG) A compression file format Preserves video quality yet supports
high compression ratio
3 Common Video File Formats Motion Picture Experts Group
(MPEG, MPG) A family of compression standards
Standard
Maximum resolution
Application
MPEG-1 (1992)
352 × 288 (PAL)
352 × 240 (NTSC)
Video CDs, interactive CD-ROMs and MPEG-1 MP3 music
MPEG-2 (1994)
720 × 576 (PAL)
720 × 480 (NTSC)
DVDs and digital TV broadcast
MPEG-4 (1998) -
Video in digital camera mobile phone and iPod
MPEG-4 can be as good as MPEG-2, but an MPEG-4 video is of a smaller file size
3 Common Video File Formats Windows Media Video (WMV, ASF)
A streaming compressed video format developed by Microsoft
Can be played by Windows Media Player
Windows Media Player
3 Common Video File Formats RealVideo (RV, RM)
A compressed streaming audio format developed by RealNetworks
Can be played by RealPlayer
3 Common Video File Formats QuickTime (MOV)
A streaming compressed multimedia file format on Macintosh computers
Can be played with QuickTime Player
QuickTime Player
4 Simple Video Editing Editing Movies
Common video editing skills include
Adding titles and
background music
Adding titles and
background music
Applying video filters
Applying video filters
Applying transition
effects between
video clips
Applying transition
effects between
video clips