1. dental anatomy 1

8/8/2019 1. Dental Anatomy 1

1/46


2/46

HUMAN DENTITION

DENTALANATOMY

By

Prof. Dr. Naglaa Bahgat Nagy


3/46

Anatomy of the Tooth.

Tissues of the tooth.

Types of Dentition/teeth. Dental Formula.

Tooth Numbering Systems.

Tooth Morphology. Significance of tooth morphology.

Tooth Relationship with each others.

ObjectivesObjectives. .. .


4/46

Anatomy of the Tooth

Crown:

Anatomical crown.

Clinical crown.

Root (roots):

Single root (anterior teeth).

Two roots (mandibular molars).

Three roots (maxillary molars).

Cervical line:

Cervical line or cemento-enamel junction.


5/46


6/46

a.a. Anatomical crown:Anatomical crown:

portion of tooth covered withportion of tooth covered withenamel.enamel.

Anatomy of the toothAnatomy of the tooth

AnatomicAnatomic

crowncrown


7/46

b.b. ClClinical crown:inical crown:portion of tooth that appears inportion of tooth that appears inthe oral cavitythe oral cavity. (above the gum line).

Anatomical

crownClinical

crown



8/46

c.c. Root (Roots):Root (Roots):

PartPart of of thethe toothtooth thatthat isisembeddedembedded inin thethe alveolaralveolarprocessprocess andand isis coveredcovered bybycementumcementum.



9/46

1.1. Dentin.Dentin.

2.2. Enamel.Enamel.

3.3. Cementum.Cementum.

4.4. Pulp.Pulp.

Tissues of the toothTissues of the tooth


10/46

1.1. DentinDentin::

Dentin makes up the bulk of the tooth.

Dentin is covered by enamel on the crown portion of the

tooth and by cementum on its root portion.

Dentin is not as hard as enamel.

Dentin is the only sensitive dental hard tissue.



11/46


22.. Enamel.Enamel.

(1) Enamel covers the anatomical crown.

(2) Enamel is the hardest tissue in the body.

(3) It is incapable of remodeling and repair.


12/46

3.Cementum:3.Cementum:

(1) Cementum covers the root of the tooth.

(2) It overlies radicular dentin and joins the enamel

at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ).

(3) Its primary function is to anchor the tooth to its

bony socket with attachment fibers (PDL).



13/46

44.. TheThe dentaldental pulppulp::

(1) It is the soft connective tissue that

supports dentin.

(2) It contains blood vessels and nerves

which enter through the apical foramen.



14/46

Dentition


15/46

Definition ofdentition:

The term dentition is used to describe the natural teeth in the

jawbones.

Human Dentition:Human has , two sets of dentitions (diphyodont).

Primary dentition is the first set of 20 primary teeth. Also

referred to as baby teeth or deciduous teeth .

Permanent dentition refers to the 32 secondary or adult

teeth.

Mixed dentition occurs when both primary and permanent

teeth are present, usually between the ages of 6 to 12.


16/46

TYPES OF TEETH

Teeth could be divided according to their:

CHORONOLOGY.

POSITION.

MORPHOLOGY.


17/46

TYPES OF TEETH (Dentition)

Chronologically:

There are two types of teeth:

Permanent teeth (32 teeth).

Deciduous (primary) teeth (20 teeth).


18/46

TYPES OF TEETH

According to Position:

Anterior & Posterior teeth.

Upper (maxillary) & Lower (mandibular) teeth.


19/46

TYPES OF TEETH

According to Morphology:

Incisors (I).

Canine (C).

Premolars (P).

Molars (M).


20/46

Types of Teeth

Incisors:

Single-rooted teeth with a relatively sharp thinedge referred to as the incisal edge.

Located in the front of the mouth, they are designedto cut food without the application of heavy forces.

In human there are four incisors in each jaw. Central(front teeth) and lateral (distal to the centrals).

Mesial = near to the midline. Distal = away from the midline.


21/46

Canines (cuspids):

located at the corner of the arch. They are designed forcutting and tearing foods, which require the application offorce.

Premolars (bicuspids? ):

between canines and molars. The pointed cusps hold andgrind the food. They have a broader surface for chewingfood.

There are two sets of premolars in the permanentdentition and NO premolars in the primary dentition.


22/46

Molars:

Molars have more cusps than other teeth that are

used to chew or grind up food.

There are two sets of molars in the primary

dentition and three sets of molars in the

permanent dentition.


23/46

d. Teeth in each quadrant.

(1) Central incisor(2) Lateral incisor

(3) Canine

(4) 1st molar

(5) 2nd molar

Deciduous TeethDeciduous Teeth


24/46


25/46

(4) 1st premolar(4) 1st premolar

(5) 2nd premolar(5) 2nd premolar(6) 1st molar(6) 1st molar

(7) 2nd molar(7) 2nd molar

(8) 3rd molar(8) 3rd molar

Permanent TeethPermanent Teeth


26/46

DENTAL FORMULA.

Dental arches.

Jaw quadrants.

Half of the mouth.


27/46

Teeth are arranged in two arches:(Dental Arches)

-An Upper Arch or theMaxillaryMaxillary archarch..AA LowerLower archarch oror thetheM

and

ibu

larM

and

ibu

lar archarch..

Each dental arch has a Midline thatdivides the arch Into two approximatelyequal segments or Quadrant. (Right &Left )Thus, there are Four Quadrants inthe entire oral cavity.


28/46

Dental arches

Teeth are arranged in two arches:-

Upper [maxillary] & lower [mandibular] arches.

The teeth in the upper arch might not be similar to

those in the lower arch.


29/46

Jaw Quadrants

An imaginary midline divides each arch intotwo equal halves (a left half and a right half).

Thus, the maxillary and mandibular arches

are each divided into two halves theresulting four sections are called quadrants,as follows:

1. Maxillary right quadrant.

2. Maxillary left quadrant.

3. Mandibular right quadrant.

4. Mandibular left quadrant.


30/46


31/46

Half of the mouth

The mouth could be divided into two equal

halves (right & left).

Thus, each half contains the same number andtypes of teeth.

The formula which describes teeth in half of

the mouth is called dental formula.


32/46

DENTAL FORMULA

It is the formula that describes the teeth in

half of the mouth in any mammals.

The denomination (type) of each tooth isrepresented by its initial letter (I, C, P, M).

Each letter is followed by a horizontal line.

The number of each type of teeth is placed

above the line for the maxillary teeth and

below the line for mandibular teeth.


33/46

Dental formula for human

Human has two sets of dentition.

The dental formula for deciduous teeth is:

I ----- C ------ M -------- =10

Thus, the child has 20 deciduous teeth.

The dental formula for permanent teeth is:

I ----- C ------ P ------ M ------- = 16 Thus, the adult person has 32 teeth.


34/46

Functions of teeth


35/46

The functions of teeth vary, depending

on their individual shape and size and

their location in the jaws.

The three basic food processing

functions of the teeth are cutting, holding

or grasping, and grinding.


36/46

Functions of teeth

1-anterior teeth:-

Esthetics

Support the lips

Speech.

2- posterior teeth:-

Food grinding.

support and sustain the vertical dimension of theface.


37/46

Numbering Systems


38/46

Numbering Systems

Universal Numbering System.

Palmer Notation System.

Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI).


39/46

Universal System for Permanent Teeth.


40/46

Universal System for Deciduous Teeth


41/46

Palmer Notation System for

Permanent teeth

Right

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Left

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


42/46


43/46

FDI System for Permanent Teeth


44/46

FDI System for Deciduous Teeth


45/46

Recommended book

Wheelers Dental Anatomy, Physiology and

Occlusion. (9th Ed).Saunders, Elsevier.


46/46

1. dental anatomy 1

Documents