1

COUNTRY REPORT COUNTRY REPORT OFOF

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA

ByByRAIMI, LUKMAN.RAIMI, LUKMAN.

CENTRE FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT, CENTRE FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT, YABA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, LAGOS, NIGERIAYABA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, LAGOS, NIGERIA

HISTORY OF NIGERIAHISTORY OF NIGERIA

Nigeria is a Federation of thirty-six (36) States and a Nigeria is a Federation of thirty-six (36) States and a Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Lagos remains the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Lagos remains the commercial centre of Nigeria. It was under Colonial rule commercial centre of Nigeria. It was under Colonial rule for years until 1for years until 1stst of October, 1960 when it gained of October, 1960 when it gained independence from Britain. Nigeria was the creation of independence from Britain. Nigeria was the creation of the colonial administration. In fact, it is was so-named the colonial administration. In fact, it is was so-named by wife of Lord Lugard, Flora Shaw. The etymology of by wife of Lord Lugard, Flora Shaw. The etymology of Nigeria is from the amalgam of the words Niger and Nigeria is from the amalgam of the words Niger and Area. The country has more than 250 ethno-linguistic Area. The country has more than 250 ethno-linguistic groups, but the three dominant groups are the Hausas in groups, but the three dominant groups are the Hausas in the North, the Ibos in the Southeast and Yorubas in the the North, the Ibos in the Southeast and Yorubas in the Southwest. It runs a Presidential System of Government.Southwest. It runs a Presidential System of Government.2

NIGERIA’S MAP AND COAT OF ARMSNIGERIA’S MAP AND COAT OF ARMS

3

NIGERIA’S FLAGNIGERIA’S FLAG

4

MEANING OF COAT OF ARMS/FLAGMEANING OF COAT OF ARMS/FLAG

5

The Coat of Arms of Nigeria has a black shield with two The Coat of Arms of Nigeria has a black shield with two white stripes that come together, like the letter Y. These white stripes that come together, like the letter Y. These represent the two main rivers flowing through Nigeria: the represent the two main rivers flowing through Nigeria: the Benue River and the Niger River. The black shield Benue River and the Niger River. The black shield represents Nigeria's good earth while the two horses on represents Nigeria's good earth while the two horses on each side represent dignity. The eagle represents strength, each side represent dignity. The eagle represents strength, while the green and white bands on the top of the shield while the green and white bands on the top of the shield represent the rich agricultural land of the country. The represent the rich agricultural land of the country. The flowers at the base are Nigeria's national flowers. The flowers at the base are Nigeria's national flowers. The green stripes in our flag represent Nigeria's agriculture green stripes in our flag represent Nigeria's agriculture industry and its lush vegetation. The white stripe industry and its lush vegetation. The white stripe represents the desire for peace and unity within the countryrepresents the desire for peace and unity within the country

ECONOMIC PROFILEECONOMIC PROFILE

• Endowed Endowed Land Area: 923,800 sq.km.Land Area: 923,800 sq.km.• Population: 149,229,090 (July 2009, CIA World Fact book.)Population: 149,229,090 (July 2009, CIA World Fact book.)• 1 1 out ofout of every 2 W.African every 2 W.African is a Nigerian is a Nigerian; 1 in every 6 African; 1 in every 6 Africanss• GDP (2007GDP (2007) is) is €124.1b €124.1b, PCI is, PCI is $2,400 (2009) or $2,400 (2009) or €886€886• GDP Growth Rate (2007): 6.2% ; 7.0% ave (2003-2007)GDP Growth Rate (2007): 6.2% ; 7.0% ave (2003-2007)• Manufacturing capacity utilisa-tion (2007): 53.5%Manufacturing capacity utilisa-tion (2007): 53.5%• Inflation Inflation ((202010)10) isis 11.511.5% % using consumer price indexusing consumer price index• Exchange Rate (2007): N174/€Exchange Rate (2007): N174/€1, N157/$11, N157/$1• External Reserve (2007): €35.1b External Reserve (2007): €35.1b or $46.54 billion (2009 ) or $46.54 billion (2009 ) • Unemployment rate: Unemployment rate: 4.9% (2009) 4.9% (2009) • Gross external debt $9.689 billion Gross external debt $9.689 billion

6

ECONOMIC PROFILEECONOMIC PROFILE Religion: Islam, Christianity and Traditional ReligionReligion: Islam, Christianity and Traditional Religion Language: English (Official), Igbo, Yoruba and HausaLanguage: English (Official), Igbo, Yoruba and Hausa Labour force 47.33 million (2009.) Labour force 47.33 million (2009.) Labour force by occupation: Agriculture: 70%; Industry: Labour force by occupation: Agriculture: 70%; Industry:

10%; Services: 20% (1999.) 10%; Services: 20% (1999.) Main Export: Crude OilMain Export: Crude Oil External Exports $45.43 billion (2009.) External Exports $45.43 billion (2009.) Main export partners: United States 42%, Brazil 9.5%, India Main export partners: United States 42%, Brazil 9.5%, India

9%, Spain 7.3%, France 5.1% (2008) Imports $42.1 billion 9%, Spain 7.3%, France 5.1% (2008) Imports $42.1 billion (2009) (2009)

Main import partners China 16.1%, Netherlands 11.3%, Main import partners China 16.1%, Netherlands 11.3%, United States 9.8%, United Kingdom 6.2%, South Korea United States 9.8%, United Kingdom 6.2%, South Korea 6.1%, France 5.1%, and Germany 4.4% (2008) 6.1%, France 5.1%, and Germany 4.4% (2008)

FDI stock $71.59 billion (31 December 2009) FDI stock $71.59 billion (31 December 2009) 7

MAJOR ECONOMIC ACTIVITIESMAJOR ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

1.1. Oil & Gas the largest income earning sectorOil & Gas the largest income earning sector

2.2. Agriculture, the largest employers of labourAgriculture, the largest employers of labour

3.3. Manufacturing SectorManufacturing Sector

4.4. Telecommunication, fast growing/large marketTelecommunication, fast growing/large market

5.5. ConstructionConstruction

6.6. Mining sectorMining sector

7.7. Music and Entertainment rising appreciablyMusic and Entertainment rising appreciably

8.8. Tourism, is a potential less explored but risingTourism, is a potential less explored but rising

9.9. Trade (Import and Export) engages most Trade (Import and Export) engages most NigeriansNigerians 8

SECTORALGROWTHSECTORALGROWTH

Sector 2008 (%) 2009 (%)Agriculture 6.3 6.2Mining and Quarrying -5.9 -1.0Manufacturing 8.9 8.5Electricity, Gas & Water 4.0 3.6Construction 13.1 12.9Wholesale & Retail Trade, Restaurants, Hotels

14.0 11.6

Finance, Insurance, Real Estate, etc. 6.8 6.4Transport and Communications 19.3 20.9Public Administration and Defense 4.4 4.5Other Services 10.3 10.0

9

CULTURE AND ARTSCULTURE AND ARTS

10

ARGUNGUN FISHING FESTIVAL (NORTH)ARGUNGUN FISHING FESTIVAL (NORTH)

11

IGBO NEW YAM FESTIVAL (EAST)IGBO NEW YAM FESTIVAL (EAST)

12

OJUDE OBA FESTIVAL (WEST)OJUDE OBA FESTIVAL (WEST)

13

CULTURE AND ARTSCULTURE AND ARTS

14

HOME VIDEOS AND FILMSHOME VIDEOS AND FILMS

15

SPORTS (FOOTBALL)SPORTS (FOOTBALL)

16

GOVERNMENT EFFORTS AT PROMOTING GOVERNMENT EFFORTS AT PROMOTING ENTREPRENURSHIP AND SMEsENTREPRENURSHIP AND SMEs

1.1. National Directorate of Employment (NDE)National Directorate of Employment (NDE)2.2. National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP)National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP)3.3. The Peoples Bank (Defunct)The Peoples Bank (Defunct)4.4. Community BanksCommunity Banks (Defunct) (Defunct)5.5. Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agencies of Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agencies of

Nigeria (SMEDAN) Nigeria (SMEDAN)6.6.   Raw Materials Research and Development CouncilRaw Materials Research and Development Council7.7. Nigerian Export-Import BankNigerian Export-Import Bank8.8. Federal Institute of Industrial Research, OshodiFederal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi9.9. Nigeria Investment Promotion Commission (NIPC)Nigeria Investment Promotion Commission (NIPC)10.10. Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC)Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC)

17

POLICIES PROMOTING ENTREPRENURSHIP POLICIES PROMOTING ENTREPRENURSHIP AND SMEsAND SMEs

1.1. Indigenisation PolicyIndigenisation Policy2.2. Nigerian Enterprise Promotion DecreeNigerian Enterprise Promotion Decree3.3. Export Promotion PolicyExport Promotion Policy4.4. Free-Trade Zone policyFree-Trade Zone policy5.5. Fist National Development PlanFist National Development Plan6.6. Second National Development PlanSecond National Development Plan7.7. Third National development PlanThird National development Plan8.8. Fourth National Development PlanFourth National Development Plan9.9. National Economic Empowerment Development Strategy National Economic Empowerment Development Strategy 10.10. Vocational Education PolicyVocational Education Policy11.11. Entrepreneurship Education across Tertiary InstitutionsEntrepreneurship Education across Tertiary Institutions12.12. Micro-Finance Bank Policy FrameworkMicro-Finance Bank Policy Framework

18

PRIVATE SECTOR INTERVENTION AT PRIVATE SECTOR INTERVENTION AT PROMOTING SMEs IN NIGERIAPROMOTING SMEs IN NIGERIA

Nigerian Association of Small Scale Industrialists Nigerian Association of Small Scale Industrialists (NASSI)(NASSI)

National Association Of Small And Medium Enterprises National Association Of Small And Medium Enterprises (NASME)(NASME)

Nigerian Association of Chambers Of Commerce, Nigerian Association of Chambers Of Commerce, Industry, Mines and Agriculture (NACCIMA) Industry, Mines and Agriculture (NACCIMA)

Manufacturers’ Association of Nigeria (MAN)Manufacturers’ Association of Nigeria (MAN) Micro-Finance Banks (MFB)Micro-Finance Banks (MFB) Cooperative Thrift and Credit SocietiesCooperative Thrift and Credit Societies Trade AssociationsTrade Associations NGOs/Better life, FSP et ceteraNGOs/Better life, FSP et cetera 19

REGULATORY AND WATCHDOG AGENCIES REGULATORY AND WATCHDOG AGENCIES FOR CONTROL OF SMEs/INDUSTRYFOR CONTROL OF SMEs/INDUSTRY

20

1.1. Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA)Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA)

2.2. National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) Control (NAFDAC)

3.3. Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON) – ISO Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON) – ISO

4.4. Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) - IncorporationCorporate Affairs Commission (CAC) - Incorporation

5.5. Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) –MFI, MFB etCentral Bank of Nigeria (CBN) –MFI, MFB et

6.6. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

7.7. National Insurance Commission (NICOM)National Insurance Commission (NICOM)

8.8. Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC)Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC)

9.9. National Drug Law Enforcement Agency National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA)(NDLEA)

FAILURES OF GOVERNMENT AND FAILURES OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTOR’S EFFOERTSPRIVATE SECTOR’S EFFOERTS

Some of these efforts were frustrated by lack of Some of these efforts were frustrated by lack of managerial wherewithal, lack of supervision, managerial wherewithal, lack of supervision, mischannelling of credit facilities, duplication mischannelling of credit facilities, duplication of roles, mediocrity, nepotism, bureaucratic of roles, mediocrity, nepotism, bureaucratic delays in policy implementation, frequent delays in policy implementation, frequent changes in government polices/programmes, changes in government polices/programmes, bribery and corruption (Olaitan 2001; Adeyemi, bribery and corruption (Olaitan 2001; Adeyemi, 2008).2008).

21

22

BALANCING GOVERNMENT & PRIVATE BALANCING GOVERNMENT & PRIVATE SECTOR INTERESTSSECTOR INTERESTS

Yaba College of Technology Yaba College of Technology came in like other tertiary came in like other tertiary institutions in Nigeria to institutions in Nigeria to balance government interests balance government interests with those of the private sector with those of the private sector through practical enterprise through practical enterprise development education for all development education for all Diploma students.Diploma students.

Government Interests

Private sector Interests

23

VISIONVISION

““Our Vision is to be the leading Polytechnic Our Vision is to be the leading Polytechnic in Nigeria by providing first-rate academic, in Nigeria by providing first-rate academic, professional and entrepreneurial education professional and entrepreneurial education to our students who are empowered to to our students who are empowered to make a positive impact on the technological make a positive impact on the technological and socio-economic development of the and socio-economic development of the country”.country”.

24

MISSIONMISSION

““Yaba College of Technology is for the Yaba College of Technology is for the training of Knowledgeable and Self-training of Knowledgeable and Self-reliant Graduates, worthy in character reliant Graduates, worthy in character and learning through effective teaching, and learning through effective teaching, innovative learning and research for innovative learning and research for better living”.better living”.

25

BRIEF ON YABATECH’S CAPACITYBRIEF ON YABATECH’S CAPACITY

Yaba College of Technology is the first tertiary Yaba College of Technology is the first tertiary institution in Nigeria. It was established in 1947. It institution in Nigeria. It was established in 1947. It currently runs over 60 National and Higher currently runs over 60 National and Higher National Diploma programmes under seven National Diploma programmes under seven schools and 40 departments. The college caters for schools and 40 departments. The college caters for over 16,000 students and has over 1,500 staff. The over 16,000 students and has over 1,500 staff. The Federal Government of Nigeria has accorded it a Federal Government of Nigeria has accorded it a university status recently, the process of its university status recently, the process of its conversion is being finalised by the National conversion is being finalised by the National Universities Commission (NUC) Universities Commission (NUC)

  

26

PHYLOSPHY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP PHYLOSPHY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

In a bid to geometrically multiply the population of In a bid to geometrically multiply the population of entrepreneurs in the society and set a pace as Africa's entrepreneurs in the society and set a pace as Africa's leading institution in terms of out-turn of students leading institution in terms of out-turn of students fully prepared and equipped to be job-creators, the fully prepared and equipped to be job-creators, the College innovated Entrepreneurship Development College innovated Entrepreneurship Development Programme (EDP) .Programme (EDP) .

EDP is administered by the College as a compulsory EDP is administered by the College as a compulsory subject at distinct stages of academic studies and thus subject at distinct stages of academic studies and thus has proven to be a unifying factor of students in the has proven to be a unifying factor of students in the campus. We are sent here on the bill of the Centre to campus. We are sent here on the bill of the Centre to the tune of $12,000 to learn about Indian experiences.the tune of $12,000 to learn about Indian experiences.

27

CURRICULUM OF EDPCURRICULUM OF EDPEDP curriculum contains: EDP curriculum contains: Mentoring/Coaching/Re-orientation/PsychologyMentoring/Coaching/Re-orientation/Psychology Training on idea generation and its processesTraining on idea generation and its processes Reports and Proposal Writing for start-upReports and Proposal Writing for start-up Market Survey for start-up/Post start-up surveyMarket Survey for start-up/Post start-up survey Case Study of entrepreneurs and nationsCase Study of entrepreneurs and nations Manufacturing of products by students (40%)Manufacturing of products by students (40%) Packaging and advertisement and Book-keepingPackaging and advertisement and Book-keeping Bi-annial Exhibitions and Fairs, Industrial toursBi-annial Exhibitions and Fairs, Industrial tours Direct market/relationships managementDirect market/relationships management

28

SERVICES OF EDPSERVICES OF EDP EDP services include: EDP services include: Consultancy services to Industries – R & DConsultancy services to Industries – R & D Business Review/Feasibility Studies/MarketingBusiness Review/Feasibility Studies/Marketing Entrepreneurship Training/Development of workforceEntrepreneurship Training/Development of workforce Facilitation of Exchange Programme (EDI, Songhai, Facilitation of Exchange Programme (EDI, Songhai,

PAU, UI, Oxford Brookes, British Council)PAU, UI, Oxford Brookes, British Council) Staff Skill Acquisition ProgrammeStaff Skill Acquisition Programme Basic Trainings for artisans and drop-outsBasic Trainings for artisans and drop-outs Project SupervisionProject Supervision Production and Direct Marketing of Bread, Sachet Production and Direct Marketing of Bread, Sachet

water, paint, textile, bricks, architectural model etcwater, paint, textile, bricks, architectural model etc

29

SELF RELIANT GRADUATESSELF RELIANT GRADUATES

30

SELF RELIANT GRADUATESSELF RELIANT GRADUATES

31

SELF RELIANT GRADUATESSELF RELIANT GRADUATES

32

COLLEG’S ICONS AND HERITAGECOLLEG’S ICONS AND HERITAGE

33

AERIAL VIEW OF YABATECHAERIAL VIEW OF YABATECH

END NOTEEND NOTE

Martin Luther KingMartin Luther King said:said: “Through our “Through our scientific genius we have made this world a scientific genius we have made this world a neighbourhood; now through our moral and neighbourhood; now through our moral and spiritual development, we must make of it a spiritual development, we must make of it a brotherhood.” brotherhood.” . Despite all odds, Nigerians . Despite all odds, Nigerians remain remain “Good People, Great Nation“Good People, Great Nation””

34

35

Thank you.

Questions?