1 corot, convection rotation and planetary transits ennio poretti inaf – osservatorio astronomico...
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COROT,COnvection
ROtation and planetary Transits
Ennio PORETTIEnnio PORETTIINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di BreraINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
COROT mission: scientific profileand preparatory ground-based observations
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Woman with a pearl Louvre
Jean Baptiste Camille COROT (1795-1875)
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The Bridge at Nantes Louvre
Jean Baptiste Camille COROT (1795-1875)
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OUTLINESOUTLINES
THE MISSION
The consortium, the persons, the satellite The orbital plane, the observing modes The scientific profiles
THE PREPARATORY WORK FOR ASTEROSEISMOLOGY
Target selection in the Center and Anticenter directions Target characterisation Future activities
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7 countries or organizations are officially collaborating and supporting the mission
AustriaElectronic parts
SpainMission Center
GermanyOn-fly software
BelgiumCase and Baffle
BrasilSecondary antenna
ESAOptics
SSDProcessors Instrument
Ground segment
International PartnersInternational Partners
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Launched on December 27, 2006New SOYUZ rocket from Baïkonour
A. Baglin Principal Investigator
Th. Lam-Trong Project Manager
M. Auvergne Project Scientist
L. Boisnard Mission Engineer
Documentation :
http://corot-mission.cnes.fr
http://www.obspm.fr/planets
http://www.astrsp-mrs/projets/corot
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General characteristics
Aperture : 4.20 m x 9.60 m
PROTEUS platformDeveloped by CNES and Alcatel Space for low orbits.
First flight in 2001 : JASON oceanographic satellite
5 missions are scheduled
Mass : 600 kg (launch configuration)
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Telescope (COROTEL) entrance pupil 270 mm 2 parabolic mirrors cylindric external baffle cylindric internal baffle shutter
Instrument (COROTCAM) 6 lents Detectors: 4 CCD 2048 x 2048 Radiation shielded 2 CCD seismology, 2 CCD exoplanets Field of view : 3.05° x 2.70°
Optical design
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OUTLINESOUTLINES
THE MISSION
The consortium, the persons, the satellite The orbital plane, the observing modes The scientific profiles
THE PREPARATORY WORK FOR ASTEROSEISMOLOGY
Target selection in the Center and Anticenter directions Target characterisation Future activities
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Winter : line of sight at 6 h 50
Sun at 90o from COROT: rotation of the satellite
Summer: line of sight at 18 h 50
Orbital parameters
• a = 7274 km (altitude =896 km)
• e = 1.27.10-3
• i = 90o
• Torb = 6174 sec (1 h 43 min)
Orbit
Polar orbite, low altitudeIt allows to maintain the same direction of observation for 6 months
without be disturbed by sun light or undergo Earth eclipses
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0°
30°
60°
90°
120°
150°
180°
210°
240°
270°
300°
330°
0h2h4h6h8h10h12h14h16h18h20h22h
SummerZone of observationcentered at 18h50
WinterZone of observationcentered at 6h50
Galaxy
The two COROT eyes
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0E2
CCD A1 CCD E1
CCD E2CCD A2
0E1
0A1
0A2
3.05°
2.70°
AsteroseismologyBright stars 5.5 < V < 9.510 in each field
Exoplanetary searchFaint stars 11.0 < V < 16.512 000 in each field
Mission life expected : 2.5 y5 long runs (150 d each)10 short runs (20 - 30 d)
V = 6 --> ~2.5 104 photons cm-2 s –1
outside atmosphere , T ~ 6000°Kmv = 16 --> ~2.5 photons cm-2 s -1
The observing modesThe observing modes
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Stellar photometry with a very high accuracy on a long time baseline
Seismology : 6 micromag, V=6.0 in 5 days Planetary transits : 0.1 mmag on a V=15.5 star
Two scientific goals, simultaneously performed in two adjacent sky regions
The communalitiesThe communalities
Asteroseismology Exoplanet search
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OUTLINESOUTLINES
THE MISSION
The consortium, the persons, the satellite The orbital plane, the observing modes The scientific profiles
THE PREPARATORY WORK FOR ASTEROSEISMOLOGY
Target selection in the Center and Anticenter directions Target characterisation Future activities
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The SunParameters Helium content and core radius, depth of convection zones, internal rotation profile…
Asteroseismology
Sounding to stellar interiors and physical processes Frequencies of the oscillation modes (both pression and gravity) on a a wide
range of values
photometric precision of 6 ppm (white noise) on a V=6 star in 5 days of
continuous monitoring
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Search for Earth-like planets
detection by means of transits across the disk of parent star
photometric precision around 10-4 down to V=15.5
Detection criterium : repetitivity (150 d runs)
colour information (3 ‘filters’ available) to disentangle between stellar
activity and transits
Terre : 10-4 , Jupiter : 10-2
Exoplanet SearchExoplanet Search
Planets searched by COROT (transits)
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Exoplanetary CCDsAcquisition
5 000 x 2 windows in 3 colours
40% in red, 30% in blue for a K0 star
1 000 x 2 windows monocromatic
20 imagettes (10x15 pixels)
Aperture photometry Exposure time 16 x 32 s
oversampling on request
ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS
Exoplanet searchExoplanet search
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0
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(Butler et al. 2000, ApJ 545, 504)
Asteroseismic target.Known to host at least one planet.
Visit the site http://media4.obspm.fr/pianeti-extrasolari/
HD 52265
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20e Festival d'Astronomie de Haute Maurienne
20 E. Michel COROT
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ADDITIONALPROGRAMS
(seismology in the exoplanetary channel)
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THE FUTURE OF THE EXOPLANETARY SEARCH
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THE PHOTOMETRIC AND SPECTROSCOPIC MONITORING OF THE COROT TARGETS
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OUTLINESOUTLINES
THE MISSION
The consortium, the persons, the satellite The orbital plane, the observing modes The scientific profiles
THE PREPARATORY WORK FOR ASTEROSEISMOLOGY
Target selection in the Center and Anticenter directions Target characterisation Future activities
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SUMMARY OF THE PREPARATORY WORK
Ground-based observations: high-resolution spectroscopy usingFEROS at ESO and SARG at TNG and detailed reductions Solano et al., 2003 (GAUDI ARCHIVE)
Identification of new primary targets in the Center direction Poretti et al., 2003
Identification of secondary targets in the AntiCenter direction Poretti et al., 2005
Preliminary asteroseismic characterisation of primary targets (in progress)
Target selection in the instability strip is based on the matching betweentheory and observation. Large experience from ground-based campaigns
SPECTROSCOPIC GROUND-BASED CHARACTERISATION OF COROT TARGET Large Programmes at ESO and OHP, complementary runs in other sites
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GALACTIC CENTER DIRECTIONThe summer 2002 challenge : find new variables in the Lower Instability Strip for COROT
Too few primary targets. Necessity to enlarge the primary targets list. Which stars are actually variable ones ?
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Challenge won !!! Observations performed mainly at OSN and SPM
New targets proposed to the COROT Scientific Committee (December 2002, Corot Week 3)
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Short list of candidate primary targets in the Center direction
Solar like star HD 177552
Gamma Dor star HD 171834
Delta Sct stars HD 181555 * HD 170699 **
Beta Cephei stars HD 170580 ** HD 180642 *
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ANTICENTER DIRECTION uvby (OSN and SPM) and CCD (STARE) photometry down to V=10.0 around primary targets only
RED SQUARES : new DSCT stars
OTHER SYMBOLS : constant stars
SMALL DOTS : stars far from primary targets
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OUTLINESOUTLINES
THE MISSION
The consortium, the persons, the satellite The orbital plane, the observing modes The scientific profiles
THE PREPARATORY WORK FOR ASTEROSEISMOLOGY
Target selection in the Center and Anticenter directions Target characterisation Future activities
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THE TARGET CHARACTERISATION: photometry
Sierra Nevada Summer 2004 P. Amado and S. MartinS. Pedro Martir Summer 2004 E. PorettiMt. Piszekesteto September 2004 M. Paparò and coll.
Sierra Nevada Winter 2004-05 P. Amado and S. Martin S. Pedro Martir Winter 2004-05 M. Alvarez and E. PorettiAPT Winter 2004-05 W.W. Weiss
Mercator Summer 2005 C. Aerts and coll.Mt. Piszkesteto Summer 2005 M. Paparò and coll.Sierra Nevada Summer 2005 S. MartinS. Pedro Martir Summer 2005 M. Alvarez
S. Pedro Martir Winter 2005-06 E. Poretti, M. Alvarez and STEPHI Sierra Nevada Winter 2005-06 S. Martin and E. RodriguezMt. Piszekesteto Winter 2005-06 M. Paparò and coll.
S. Pedro Martir November 2006 E. Poretti and K. UytterhoevenSierra Nevada Winter 2006-07 E. Rodriguez and S. Martin
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Positions of the DSCT+GDOR targets in the CMD
1 HD 44195 GDOR+DSCT
2 HD 181147 DSCT
3 HD 50870 DSCT
4 HD 170782 DSCT
5 HD 170699 DSCT
6 HD 44283 DSCT
7 HD 172189 EA+SB2+DSCT
8 HD 181555 DSCT (revised)
9 HD 49434 GDOR
10 HD 171834 GDOR
11 HD 180642 BCEP12 HD 170580 BCEP
(Poretti et al. 2005, AJ 129, 2461)
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Metallicities, masses and luminosities of the DSCT+GDOR targets
1 HD 44195 GDOR+DSCT
2 HD 181147 DSCT
3 HD 50870 DSCT
4 HD 170782 DSCT
5 HD 170699 DSCT
6 HD 44283 DSCT
7 HD 172189 EA+SB2+DSCT
8 HD 181555 DSCT
9 HD 49434 GDOR
10 HD 171834 GDOR
Evolutionary tracks calculatedby Y. Lebreton and J.C. Suarez.
Temperatures and Magnitudescalculated by P. Amado from Stromgren photometry.
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THE LOWER PART OF THE INSTABILITY STRIP : the DSCT bookmarks Stars in different physical conditions
ZAMS :
1 HD 181555 7.98 170 primary target 2 HD 44195 7.57 58 HD43587
UNEVOLVED :
3 HD 181147 8.74 --- HD181555 4 HD 50870 8.86 17 HD52265 5 HD 170782 7.81 197 HD170580 6 HD 170699 6.95 >200 HD170580
ZIGZAGS (TAMS)
7 HD 44283 9.29 19 HD43587 8 HD 172189 8.85 EA HD171834
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(Poretti, 2000) (Garrido and Poretti 2004)
The investigations of Delta Sct stars are of course very preliminary. The frequency detection depend on the S/N.
Target selection in the instability strip is based on the matching between theory and observation. Large
experience from ground-based campaigns
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HD 44195, new DSCT star in the HD 43587 field
Power spectrum showingvariability at low frequencies(f<5 c/d; GDOR regime ?)and at high frequencies(f>20 c/d; DSCT regime).
Unevolved object.
Slow rotator : v sin i = 58 km/s
PERFECT Delta Sct FOUNDUnevolved : no dense frequency spectrum, no mixed modes
Slow rotator : a relief for theoreticians, though progresses have been made in the treatment of fast rotators.
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NOVEMBER 2003 (8 nights) JANUARY 2005 (4 nights)
HD 44195, the hybrid GDOR + DSCT star v sin i = 58 km/s, in the field of HD 43587, f1=20.48 c/d
NOVEMBER 2005 (6 nights)
The DSCT variability seems to be monoperiodic,The GDOR variability seems to be multiperiodic
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HD 44195
Hybrid variable, just one pulsation athigh frequency.
Power spectra from Stromgren photometry.Light curves from Mt Piszekesteto Observatory.
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HD 44283, multiperiodic DSCT variable,small v sin i (19 km/s), evolved (?)
15.00 c/d, predominant mode (ampl. 0.014 mag in v)
Second term, f=15.96 c/d,
(ampl. 0.005 mag in v)
Asteroseismic peaksaround 10 and 20 c/d,(ampl. < 0.003 mag in v)
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HD 49434, confirmation of the light variability
High precision photometry(s.d. better than 0.002 mag)on four consecutive nights.
Peak-to-peak amplitudes0.022 mag in violet0.019 mag in blue0.016 mag in yellow
Multiperiodicity probable.Observations recently obtained(OSN, SPM and Mt. Piszekesteto)will be decisive to detectperiodicities.
Additional APT timeseries available.
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HD 50870, a DSCT star in the field of HD 52265
f1=17.15 c/df2=14.00 c/d……….
Slow rotator,Veq sin i = 17 km/sPredominant mode
STEPHI campaignin November 2005
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Field of HD 171834
HD 172189 : DSCT and eclipsing binary in the open cluster IC 4756
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HD 172189, orbital period has been detected: 5.702 d.Eccentric orbit with only one minimum.DSCT pulsation: frequencies in the 18-20 c/d interval.(Martin et al., 2005, A&A 440, 711)
The RV curvehas been the goal of successfulspectroscopicobservations inpast summer(OHP, SLN, ESO).
Target of a STEPHI campaignin 2004.
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HD 172189 not only an Eclipsing Binary, but probably also a Spectroscopic Binary (SB2)
FEROSspectrum,June 2004
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HD 181555 – Candidate primary target
Fast rotator : Vsin i > 200 Km/s
Observed both at OSN and SPM. Evidentmultiperiodicity: set of frequencies in the 8-11 c/d interval.
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HD 180642, Beta Cep variable
Monitored at SPM and OSN in Stromgren photometry,with Mercator telescope in the Geneva system and and with M. Piszkesteto telescope in V filter
Main pulsational frequency term identified as the Fundamental radial mode; additional termsprobable (Aerts et al., in preparation)
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Reminiscent of the case of BW Vul (Sterken and coll.)
HD 180642, Mercator andMt. Piszkesteto light curvesin V light
BW Vul
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HD 44195 hybrid HD 43587 f=20.5 c/d f< 5c/d 7.56 F0 58 km/sHD 50870 DSCT HD 52265 f=17.5 13-15 8.88 F0 17 km/sHD 44283 DSCT HD 43587 f=15.0 10-25 9.29 F5 19 km/s
HD 181147 DSCT HD 181555 f=15.4 14-17.5 c/d 8.74 A5 98 km/sHD 170782 DSCT HD 170580 13-25 c/d 7.81 A2 197 km/sHD 170699 DSCT HD 170580 10-15 c/d 6.95 A3 >200 km/sHD 172189 DSCT HD 171834 17-19 c/d EA +SB2 8.85 A2 48 and 75HD 181555 DSCT primary target 8-18 c/d 7.98 A5 170 km/s
HD 49434 GDOR photometric variability CONFIRMED 5.75 F1 90 km/sHD 171834 GDOR no photometric variability 5.43 F5 72 km/s
HD 180642 BCEP HD 181555 f=5.49 c/d, standstill 8.29 B1 37 km/sHD 170580 BCEP no photometric variability, multiple system 6.68 B2V
Target Type Field Frequencies V Sp V sin i
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50
OUTLINESOUTLINES
THE MISSION
The consortium, the persons, the satellite The orbital plane, the observing modes The scientific profiles
THE PREPARATORY WORK FOR ASTEROSEISMOLOGY
Target selection in the Center and Anticenter directions Target characterisation Future activities
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Future activities supporting COROT observations
Multicolour photometry : OSN, SPM, Mercator, Hungary, APT,…
detection of predominant modes and frequency ranges low degree identification by phase shifts & amplitude ratios
High resolution spectroscopy : OHP, SLN
radial velocity curves characterization of GDOR variables Line Profile Variations for BCEP and DSCT stars
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The spectroscopic counterpart of the COROT observations
FG Vir (Zima et al. 2006)
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TARGETS FOR COORDINATED GROUND-SPACE OBSERVATIONS Preliminary list (ESO and OHP targets)
P78 IR1 P79 LRc1 P80 LRa1 P81 LRc2
HD 50844 DSCT 9.1 HD 180642 BCEP 8.3 HD 49434 GDOR 5.8 1° field HD 181555 DSCT 8.0 HD 50209 Be 8.4 HD 171834 GDOR 5.4 HD 181231 Be 8.6 HD 49330 Be 8.9 HD 172189 DSCT 8.8 2° field SR1 (?) HD 170580 BCEP 6.7 HD 183324 LBOO 5.8 HD 170699 DSCT 6.9 HD 183656 Be 6.1 HD 170782 DSCT 7.8 HD 171219 Be 7.6 SR2 (?)
HD 175337 bona-fideGDOR 7.4 HD 174966 DSCT 7.7 HD 174936 DSCT 8.6
A careful planning of the observations (which star at which site) is mandatory. Bright targets can more conveniently observed at Calar Alto.
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CONCLUSIONS
In the past decades we performed a lot of observational efforts to make progress in asteroseismology.
All the know-how is now at the service of the COROT mission.
In turn, CoRoT is offering us the possibility to improve rapidly our knowledge of stellar interiors.
We have the possibility to consign a more mature science to young researchers.
We are happy to be in the play, though it is not a simple one.
But it’s challenging, and we like that.