1 connections to chemistry, 16 october 2013 climate science activities in the chemistry classroom...
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1Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Climate Science Activities in the
Chemistry Classroom
Jerry A. BellSimmons College (emeritus)Wisconsin Initiative for Science LiteracyAmerican Chemical Society (retired)
Alan D. CrosbyNewton South High School
2Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Climate Science Activities
Which of the inner four planets in the solar system has the highest average surface temperature (and why)?
3Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Electromagnetic radiation and planetary energy balance
Energy balance: solar energy in = planet radiant energy out
(mostly visible) (thermal infrared)
Climate Science Activities
4Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Climate Science Activities
• To absorb IR energy, molecular vibrations must change the dipole moment of the molecule.
• All molecules with three or more atoms meet this criterion and are IR absorbers.
• The trace gases in Earth’s atmosphere contain many species that absorb and re-emit IR.
5Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Climate Science Activities
Electromagnetic radiation and planetary energy balance
Energy balance: solar energy in = planet radiant energy out
(mostly visible) (thermal infrared)
TP calculated assuming no atmospheric effects
6Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Climate Science Activities
Electromagnetic radiation and planetary energy balance
Energy balance: solar energy in = planet radiant energy out
(mostly visible) (thermal infrared)
7Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Climate Science Activities
Electromagnetic radiation and planetary energy balance
Energy balance attained when the planet is warm enough to emit
sufficient energy to compensate for the atmospheric trapping.
Tobs > T P
8Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Climate Science Activities
Electromagnetic radiation and planetary energy balance
Since the Industrial Revolution, burning fossil fuels has added
large amounts of greenhouse gases to Earth's atmosphere.
9Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Climate Science Activities
Electromagnetic radiation and planetary energy balance
Since the Industrial Revolution, burning fossil fuels has added
large amounts of greenhouse gases to Earth's atmosphere.
The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide is increasing.
The Earth’s temperature increases as more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere.
Increasing temperature and carbon dioxide bring about changes in the Earth’s climate.
10Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Climate Science Activities
Climate change and the Earth’s water
Sea level is rising as glaciers and ice sheets melt and the oceans warm.
11Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Climate Science Activities
Climate change and the Earth’s water
Oceans store energy, move it around the planet in great currents, and dissolve carbon dioxide.
CO2(g) <==> CO2(aq)
CO2(aq) + H2O <==> HOCO2–(aq) + H+(aq)
HOCO2–(aq) <==> CO3
2–(aq) + H+(aq)
12Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Climate Science Activities
Climate change and the Earth’s water
Oceans store energy, move it around the planet in great currents, and dissolve carbon dioxide.
CO2(g) <==> CO2(aq)
CO2(aq) + H2O <==> HOCO2–(aq) + H+(aq)
HOCO2–(aq) <==> CO3
2–(aq) + H+(aq)
Interaction with other species: Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl–, …
13Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Climate Science Activities
Climate change and the Earth’s water
Oceans store energy, move it around the planet in great currents, and dissolve carbon dioxide.
CO2(g) <==> CO2(aq)
CO2(aq) + H2O <==> HOCO2–(aq) + H+(aq)
HOCO2–(aq) <==> CO3
2–(aq) + H+(aq)
Interaction with other species: Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl–, …
Ca2+(aq) + 2HOCO2–(aq) <==> CaCO3 + CO2(aq) + H2O
14Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Climate Science Activities
Climate change and the Earth’s water
Oceans store energy, move it around the planet in great currents, and dissolve carbon dioxide.
CO2(g) <==> CO2(aq)
CO2(aq) + H2O <==> HOCO2–(aq) + H+(aq)
HOCO2–(aq) <==> CO3
2–(aq) + H+(aq)
Interaction with other species: Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl–, …
Ca2+(aq) + 2HOCO2–(aq) <==> CaCO3 + CO2(aq) + H2O
Phytoplankton are the base of the oceanic
food chain.
15Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Climate Science Activities
Climate change and the Earth’s water
Oceans store energy, move it around the planet in great currents, and dissolve carbon dioxide.
CO2(aq) + 2HO–(aq) ==> CO32–(aq) + H2O
Ca2+(aq) + CO32–(aq) <==> CaCO3(s)
16Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Climate Science Activities
Climate change and the Earth’s water
Oceans store energy, move it around the planet in great currents, and dissolve carbon dioxide.
CO2(aq) + 2HO–(aq) ==> CO32–(aq) + H2O
Ca2+(aq) + CO32–(aq) <==> CaCO3(s)
CaCO3(s) + CO2(aq) + H2O <==> Ca2+(aq) + 2HOCO2–(aq)
17Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Climate Science Activities
Climate change and the Earth’s water
Oceans store energy, move it around the planet in great currents, and dissolve carbon dioxide.
CO2(g) <==> CO2(aq)
CO2(aq) + H2O <==> HOCO2–(aq) + H+(aq)
HOCO2–(aq) <==> CO3
2–(aq) + H+(aq)
Interaction with other species: Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl–, …
Ca2+(aq) + 2HOCO2–(aq) <==> CaCO3 + CO2(aq) + H2O
Phytoplankton are the base of the oceanic
food chain.
Ocean Acidification
18Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Climate Science Activities
Ocean Acidification
19Connections to Chemistry, 16 October 2013
Climate Science Activities
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