Flhptcr ; FGHD@V DI^ZANSF^DAI ^lc spccn ht wldfl h rcdisurcr lhingcs hin phys fghd`s ds aic ae tlc `ast d`parthit ehftars ear h rcdisurcn sdifc thmdik sa`c ae tlc jurnci ae tlc phy`cit ae gasscs wlci tlcy affur ds tlc rchsai ear citcrdik dita h rcdisurhifc faitrhft di tlc edrst pghfc. Hphrt era` tlc didtdhg faithft wldfl disurcrs lhvc wdtl tlc rcdisurhifc uincrwrdtcrs (hssu`dik tlht tlcy na sdifc `hiy rcdisurhifc difcptdais hin rcicwhgs hrc sd`pgy lhingcn jy tlc jramcrs) tlc `ast faithft tlht hi disur cn wdgg lhvc wdtl dts rcdisu rcn wdgg jc wlci h ghrkc fghd` affurs wldfl lc ds faitrhftuhggy rcqudrcn ta rcpart ta rcdisurcrs ar ear wldfl lc ds sccmdik rcd`jursc`cit, hin dt ds tlcrcearc ae phrh`auit d`parthifc tlht tlc rcdisurcr lhs hi ceedfdcit fghd`s scrvdfc. ^lds flhptcr favcrs? ^lc ihturc hin sthtus ae vhrdaus fghd`s faindtdais sufl hs fghd`s faapcrhtdai hin fghd`s faitrag fghuscs= ^lc rdklts hin nutdcs ae tlc rcdisurcr= Law fcrthdi mcy warns sufl hs ‗affurr cifc‐, ‗cvcit‐ hin ‗fhusc‐ `hy jc ditcrpr ctcn jy tlc faurts = Law rcdisurcrs `hy nciy gdhjdgdty= Gd`dthtdai pcrdans hin law tlcy apcrhtc di tlc rcdisurhifc faitcxt= Dssucs rcghtdik ta ruiaee, sufl hs fa``uthtdai. ^LC IA^DEDFH^DAI HIN RHT@CI^ AE FGHD@V Ear tlc rcdisurcr dt ds d`parthit tlht fghd`s hrc rcpart cn ta dt di h td`cg y `hiicr di arncr tlht tlc fghd`s `hy jc rcscrv cn di dts jaams. Iar`hggy tlc rcdisurcr wdgg diput tlc rcscrvc dita dts fa`putcr systc`s rcfa``cincn jy tlc disurcr. Lawcvcr, sa`ctd`cs tlc rcdisurcr wdgg eccg tlht tlc rcscrvc rcfa``cincn ds dihncquhtc, pcrlhps jcfhusc tlc Disurcr lhs hnaptcn taa aptd`dstdf hi hpprahfl di rcghtdai ta gdhjdgdty ar quhitu` ai tlc fhsc. Di tlds sdtuhtdai tlc rcdisurcr wdgg ndsfuss tlc `httcr wdtl tlc fghd`s `hihkcr ht tlc disurcr hin sukkcst tlht tlc rcscrvc jc difrchscn= de tlc disurcr ndshkrccs tlci tlc rcdisurcr `hy ncfdnc ta diput hi hnndtdaihg fhsc rcscrvc (HFZ) ai tlc `httcr sa tlht tlc edkur c di tlc rcdisurc r—s jaams ds hncquhtc ta phy wlht tlc rcdisurcr jcgdc vcs tlht tlc fghd` wdgg scttgc ear. Iatdedfhtdai Hustrhgdh hin Icw _chghin Jhim v. Fagaidhg Chkgc [lhrvcs Gd`dtcn ]84::P : Ggayn—s Zcp. :>8 ^lds fhsc divagvcn hgg-rdsms disurhifc di rcghtdai ta tlc `dsncgdvcry ae kaans. @fIhdr O. faisdncrcn tlc `chidik ae ‗chfl hin cvcry fghd`‐, hin faifguncn tlht ‗ … di tlds fghusc, “fghd`— `chis tlc affurrcifc ae h sthtc ae ehfts wldfl oustdedcs h fghd` ai uincrwrdtcrs‐ (ht p. :33). ^lc h`auit phyhjgc, wlci tlc h`auit ds phyhjgc hin wlht suppartdik nafu`cithtdai wdgg jc rcqudrcn wdgg ncpcin upai tlc hftuhg warndik ae tlc faitrhft. ^lc rcdisurhifc faitrhft `hy faithdi warndiks sufl hs fghd`s ta jc iatdedcn ‗d``cndhtcgy‐ ar ‗hs saai hs rchsai hjgy prhftdfhj gc‐ ar dt `hy cvci shy iatldik ht hgg ai tlc sujocft, wldfl ds fa``ai di tlc fhsc ae sgdp pagdfdcs. Iatdedfhtdai ta rcdisurcrs di tlc fhsc ae quath slhrc rcdisurhifc ds chsy jcfhusc rcdisurcrs sd`pgy phy h edxcn prapartdai ae tlc rcdisurcn—s gdhjdgdty. Di cxfcss ae gass trchtdcs tlc rcdisurcr—s gdhjdgdty ds hftdvhtcn wlci tlc gass cxfccns tlc rcdisurcn—s rctcitdai hin dt ds tlcrcearc usuhg ear tlc rcdisurcr ta disdst tlht tlc rcdisur cn iatdedcs ld` ae h fghd` wldfl ds gdmcgy ta cxfccn 32% ar ;3% ae tlc rctcitdai. De tlc iatdedfhtdai fghusc ds h faindtdai prcfcncit ta tlc rcdisurcr—s gdhjdgdty tlci tlc rcdisurcr `hy rcpundhtc tlc fghd`, jut de dt ds iat tlci tlc rcdisurcr ds ajgdkcn ta phy tlc fghd` hin tlc rcdisurcr—s aigy rcfaursc wdgg jc ta rcfavcr ia`dihg nh`hkcs di rcghtdai ta tlc prcoundfc fhuscn ta ld` jy tlc ncghy di iatdedfhtdai. ^lc rcdisurcr waugn lhvc ta pravc tlht dt ds `arc ndeedfugt ear ld` ta divcstdkhtc tlc fghd` jcfhusc ae tlc ncghy, jut di prhftdfc tlds wdgg jc ndeedfugt ta pravc hin hiy nh`hkcs hwhrncn wdgg tlcrcearc jc ia`dihg. De tlcrc ds h strdft iatdfc fghusc di tlc faitrhft hin dt ds h faindtdai prcfcncit tlci tlc rcdisurcn `ust iatdey tlc gass wdtldi tlht td`c pcrdan ar tlc rcdisurcr `hy rceusc ta nchg. Dt ds fa``ai ear rcdisurhifc faitrhfts ta rcqudrc iatdedfhtdai ta jc kdvci ta tlc jramcr ar ta h rcspaisdjgc pcrsai ht tlc rcdisurcr—s Lchn Aeedfc Fghd`s ncphrt`cit. Dt ds iat fgchr de tlc rcdisurcn ds ajgdkcn ta iatdey lds rcdisurcrs ae h gass ae wldfl tlc rcdisurcr hgrchny lhs miawgcnkc hin tlcrc ds uieartuihtcgy ia rcdisurhifc hutlardty ai tlds tapdf. Lawcvcr, di tlc disurhifc faitcxt, Jhrrhtt Jratlcrs (^hxds) v. Nhvdcs (Gdfmgdss v. @dgcstaic @atar Ragdfdcs ht Ggayn—s, ^ldrn Rhrtdcs) ]8455P : Hgg C.Z. 4;: csthjgdslcs tlht pravdncn tlc disurcr ds iatdedcn ae tlc gass wdtldi tlc rcqudsdtc td`c jy hiatlcr saurfc tlci tlht ds sueedfdcit hin tlc disurcn ds iat ajgdkcn ta diear` lds disurcrs. Di tlds fhsc h `atarfyfgdst whs divagvcn di hi hffdncit wdtl h thxd. ^lc disurcn icvcr diear`cn lds disurcrs ae tlc hffdncit jut tlc faurt lcgn tlht lc lhn iat jrchflcn tlc pagdfy faindtdais jcfhusc tlc disurcrs lhn rcfcdvcn hgg ae tlc H KSDNC ^A ZCDIVSZHIFC GH[ - 8st Cndtdai, :22; FLHR^CZ ; FGHD@V Zajcrt @crmdi
