1 chapter 19 safety. 2 major nursing responsibility hospital errors: ranked as sixth leading cause...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 19
Safety
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Major nursing responsibility
Hospital errors: ranked as sixth leading cause of death by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Safety
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1. Infants Falling off changing tablesUnrestrained in automobiles
2. Toddlers Climbing; accidental poisoning; falling downstairs or
from high chairs; burns; electrical shock; drowning
Age-Related Safety Factors
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3. School-aged children and adolescentsSchool-aged children: play-related injuriesAdolescents: sports-related injuries
4. Adults: Ignoring safety issues, fatigue, sensory changes, effects of
disease
Age-Related Safety Factors(cont’d)
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Latex sensitization
Thermal burns
Asphyxiation
Electrical shock
Poisoning
Falls
Environmental Hazards
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Latex sensitization is an allergic response to the proteins in latex
Latex is natural rubber
Component of many household items
Predisposition to latex sensitivity
Types of latex reactions
Contact dermatitis
Immediate hypersensitivity
Environmental Hazards (cont’d)
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Safeguarding clients and personnel
Prevent latex sensitization
If using latex gloves, avoid oil-based hand creams
Wash hands thoroughly after removing gloves
Environmental Hazards (cont’d)
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Burns
Thermal burns or chemical burns
Burn prevention: exits identified, lighted, unlocked; ensure safety measures
Fire plansFire management: RACE
o Rescueo Alarmo Contain (احتواء)o Extinguish
Environmental Hazards (cont’d)
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Burns (cont’d)Roles and responsibilities at and away from fire’s originUse of fire alarm systemAgency fire plan conceptsRescue and evacuation; proper use of equipmentBuilding compartmentalization for containing
smoke and fireFire extinguishers
Environmental Hazards (cont’d)
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Evacuation of Clients
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Asphyxiation
Airway obstruction
Carbon monoxide (CO)
o CO binds with hemoglobin
o CO poisoning: symptoms similar to flu, except for cherry-red skin color
Environmental Hazards (cont’d)
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DrowningFluid occupies airway, interferes with
ventilationAccidental drownings ResuscitationImmediate CPR CPR certification in nurses
Environmental Hazards (cont’d)
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Electrical shock
Body prone to electric shock
Macro shock; micro shock
Grounded equipment reduces electrical shock potential
Measures to prevent electrical shock
Environmental Hazards (cont’d)
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Poisoning
Caused by ingestion, inhalation, or absorption of toxic substance
More common in homes than in health care institutions
Accidental poisonings; medication errors
Environmental Hazards (cont’d)
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Poisoning prevention
Educate children; teach parents
Cognitive-impaired adults: use prefilled medication containers
Environmental Hazards (cont’d)
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FallsMost common accident with the most serious consequences in older
adults
Contributing factors: visual impairments; disorders affecting gait, balance, and coordination; medications to lower blood pressure
Contributing factors (cont’d)
o Urinary urgency
o Environmental factors
o Hospitalization
o Confusion, impaired judgment
Environmental Hazards (cont’d)
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AssessmentDetermine risk factors
Fall prevention measures
Environmental Hazards (cont’d)
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Restraints: methods of restricting a person’s freedom of movement, physical activity, or normal access to his or her body
Use of restraints is closely regulated
Last intervention used after all others exhausted
Restraints
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Risks of use:Increase client confusionCause chronic constipation, incontinence, infections
(pneumonia)May cause pressure ulcersExperience decline in ability to perform ADLs
independently
Restraints(cont’d)
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Recognize safety hazards
Identify clients at greatest risk for injury
Identify several nursing diagnoses
Client safety; allegations of malpractice
Best wishes
Nursing Implications