1 chapter 18 working canada. 2 introduction in 2001, over 15.8 million people were employed in...

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Chapter 18Working Canada

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IntroductionIntroduction

In 2001, over 15.8 million people were employed in different jobs in Canada.

Canada has an abundant amount of natural resources, which have to be gathered and harvested – therefore we have a broad manufacturing base.

In 2001, over 15.8 million people were employed in different jobs in Canada.

Canada has an abundant amount of natural resources, which have to be gathered and harvested – therefore we have a broad manufacturing base.

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Four Basic Types of IndustryFour Basic Types of Industry

1. Primary Industry – provide raw materials to be used by other industries. Includes farming, fishing, forestry and mining.

1. Primary Industry – provide raw materials to be used by other industries. Includes farming, fishing, forestry and mining.

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2. Secondary Industry – manufacturing the raw materials from primary industry.

2. Secondary Industry – manufacturing the raw materials from primary industry.

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3. Tertiary – Provides services instead of products. Includes banking, transportation and retails (shopping) services.

3. Tertiary – Provides services instead of products. Includes banking, transportation and retails (shopping) services.

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4. Quaternary – Involved in processing of information (research and computer technology).

4. Quaternary – Involved in processing of information (research and computer technology).

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Manufacturing involves TWO Processes


1. Primary manufacturing – produces usable products from raw materials. Examples: takes wood and makes into pulp and paper.

1. Primary manufacturing – produces usable products from raw materials. Examples: takes wood and makes into pulp and paper.

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2. Secondary manufacturing – uses the products from primary manufacturing to make other products. Examples: paper is turned into newspapers and books.

2. Secondary manufacturing – uses the products from primary manufacturing to make other products. Examples: paper is turned into newspapers and books.

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Look at chart on page 370 Figure 18.3

Read section about the steel industry page 372 – 373.

Look at chart on page 370 Figure 18.3

Read section about the steel industry page 372 – 373.

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Primary IndustryPrimary Industry

Steel manufacturing: Steel is one of Canada’s most important manufacturing industries.

Steel manufacturing: Steel is one of Canada’s most important manufacturing industries.

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Primary IndustryPrimary Industry

The THREE largest steel manufacturing plants are: 1. Stelco 2. Dofasco 3. Algoma

The THREE largest steel manufacturing plants are: 1. Stelco 2. Dofasco 3. Algoma

Algoma Steel

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Negative impacts of steel manufacturing includes:Negative impacts of steel manufacturing includes:

Large amounts of gases such as nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide emitted into the atmosphere

These gases mix with water vapour which causes acid precipitation

Large amounts of gases such as nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide emitted into the atmosphere

These gases mix with water vapour which causes acid precipitation

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This precipitation increases the acid level in lakes – endangering aquatic life

It also contributes to the erosion of many buildings in towns and cities

This precipitation increases the acid level in lakes – endangering aquatic life

It also contributes to the erosion of many buildings in towns and cities

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New technology to help protect the environment:New technology to help

protect the environment:

Companies have switched to energy sources with lower carbon levels

Companies have invested money into advanced scrubbers, filtering systems and other devices

Companies have switched to energy sources with lower carbon levels

Companies have invested money into advanced scrubbers, filtering systems and other devices

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Read case study on Stelco Plant page 374 – 376

Answer # 10a and Jot note 7 steps in steel making

(page 373)

Read case study on Stelco Plant page 374 – 376

Answer # 10a and Jot note 7 steps in steel making

(page 373)

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Secondary ManufacturingSecondary Manufacturing

One of the most important uses of steel is to make cars

In 1994 there were 16.5 million vehicles in Canada

One of the most important uses of steel is to make cars

In 1994 there were 16.5 million vehicles in Canada

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Secondary ManufacturingSecondary Manufacturing

In 1994, 1.25 million cars were sold Automobile industry is one of the

biggest employers in Canada 130,000 are directly employed by “the big three” – Ford, General Motors, and Daimler Chrysler

Another 300,000 people depend indirectly on the auto industry for their jobs

In 1994, 1.25 million cars were sold Automobile industry is one of the

biggest employers in Canada 130,000 are directly employed by “the big three” – Ford, General Motors, and Daimler Chrysler

Another 300,000 people depend indirectly on the auto industry for their jobs

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Read Case Study Page 376 General Motors

Read Case Study Page 376 General Motors

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Important points from the case study

Important points from the case study

Mass production – large scale manufacturing of a product at a faster rate and at a lower cost

See chart page 378

Just in time delivery and assembly system – the ordering and receiving of parts, as they are needed

Points of use delivery – the practice of having parts delivered directly to the site where they are needed rather than being stored in a warehouse

Mass production – large scale manufacturing of a product at a faster rate and at a lower cost

See chart page 378

Just in time delivery and assembly system – the ordering and receiving of parts, as they are needed

Points of use delivery – the practice of having parts delivered directly to the site where they are needed rather than being stored in a warehouse

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Tertiary IndustryTertiary Industry

Most people are employed in Canada work in the tertiary industry

Read Retailing Case Study page 381

Most people are employed in Canada work in the tertiary industry

Read Retailing Case Study page 381

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In 1994, 2.5 million people worked full time in the retail (sell products or services) business

Hundreds of thousands more work part time

In 1994, 2.5 million people worked full time in the retail (sell products or services) business

Hundreds of thousands more work part time

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Retail sector is a great indicator of how our economy is doing. If times are good people spend more money on items such as cars. If times are bad people stop spending and save instead. When it happens, manufactures slow down or stop producing cars (or other times).

In Canada, most people’s money is spent on buying food and clothing

Retail sector is a great indicator of how our economy is doing. If times are good people spend more money on items such as cars. If times are bad people stop spending and save instead. When it happens, manufactures slow down or stop producing cars (or other times).

In Canada, most people’s money is spent on buying food and clothing

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Quaternary IndustryQuaternary Industry

A rapidly growing industry that has provided and will continue to provide some of the greatest employment opportunities in the future

Research and Development – called R and D

IT – Information Technology

A rapidly growing industry that has provided and will continue to provide some of the greatest employment opportunities in the future

Research and Development – called R and D

IT – Information Technology

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People who work in this industry look for ways to improve existing industries and to create new ones

Governments, universities and industry invest large amounts of money to this industry

People who work in this industry look for ways to improve existing industries and to create new ones

Governments, universities and industry invest large amounts of money to this industry

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In 1994, Canada’s major telephone companies committed to spending 9 billion dollars (called the Beacon Initiative) to upgrade national phone lines so people could have access to more information.

With this access people could do things such as: pay bills, renew drivers licenses and shop online.

In 1994, Canada’s major telephone companies committed to spending 9 billion dollars (called the Beacon Initiative) to upgrade national phone lines so people could have access to more information.

With this access people could do things such as: pay bills, renew drivers licenses and shop online.

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Read case study: Financial institutions page 384

Read case study: Financial institutions page 384

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Canada’s level of IndustrializationCanada’s level of Industrialization

Life expectancy – people live longer in countries with higher standards of living (better health care, etc)

Energy consumption – indicates level of wealth and industrialization

Percentage of food consumed – this indicates the ability to feed the population

Life expectancy – people live longer in countries with higher standards of living (better health care, etc)

Energy consumption – indicates level of wealth and industrialization

Percentage of food consumed – this indicates the ability to feed the population

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Road density – roads are busy in industrialized countries because people can afford to buy and operate cars

Televisions – prosperous populations can afford to buy TVs

Road density – roads are busy in industrialized countries because people can afford to buy and operate cars

Televisions – prosperous populations can afford to buy TVs

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Literacy Rates – countries that are well off have many schools and universities and can afford to educate the population

Infant mortality – affluent countries can afford efficient health and child care programs

Literacy Rates – countries that are well off have many schools and universities and can afford to educate the population

Infant mortality – affluent countries can afford efficient health and child care programs

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Location factors in IndustryLocation factors in Industry

Profit The amount of money remaining once

all bills and costs have been paid

The money left over is the profit

Profit The amount of money remaining once

all bills and costs have been paid

The money left over is the profit

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Primary location factors:

1. Availability of materials

2. A supply of skilled workers

3. A source of power (electricity)

4. Access to transportation and roads

5. An accessible road

Primary location factors:

1. Availability of materials

2. A supply of skilled workers

3. A source of power (electricity)

4. Access to transportation and roads

5. An accessible road

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Other location factors:1.Government assistance such as

grants, interest free loans, etc.2.Cost of land3.Quality of life and living conditions e.g.

Recreational facilities, housing developments, entertainment, etc.

4.Complementary business – forcing consumers to do comparison shopping

5.Tradition

Other location factors:1.Government assistance such as

grants, interest free loans, etc.2.Cost of land3.Quality of life and living conditions e.g.

Recreational facilities, housing developments, entertainment, etc.

4.Complementary business – forcing consumers to do comparison shopping

5.Tradition

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Footloose IndustriesFootloose Industries

A company free to locate anywhere without being restricted by specific location factors

They do not need to be near large markets or have access to vast amounts of energy

A company free to locate anywhere without being restricted by specific location factors

They do not need to be near large markets or have access to vast amounts of energy

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Footloose IndustriesFootloose Industries

The raw materials and finished products are so small and of such high value that transportation costs are of little value

Examples include computer software companies and jewelery manufactures

The raw materials and finished products are so small and of such high value that transportation costs are of little value

Examples include computer software companies and jewelery manufactures

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Manufacturing Distribution across Canada

Manufacturing Distribution across Canada

Manufacturing Index: Indicates the distribution of

manufacturing across the country

Determined by dividing the percentage of manufacturing value by the percentage of population

% of manufacturing ÷ % of population

Manufacturing Index: Indicates the distribution of

manufacturing across the country

Determined by dividing the percentage of manufacturing value by the percentage of population

% of manufacturing ÷ % of population

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Destination of Manufactured Goods

Destination of Manufactured Goods

Goods that are manufactured within a province may be sold within the province or outside of the province (exported)

Exported goods may be sold to other provinces or to other countries

Goods that are manufactured within a province may be sold within the province or outside of the province (exported)

Exported goods may be sold to other provinces or to other countries

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When products are sold outside the province (exported), there are many benefits:

Provinces receive revenue (money) from the products sold

Revenue helps maintain economic prosperity (good economic times)

Money helps pay wages and keep jobs secure People spend their money in other areas, e.g.

restaurants, clothing stores, etc. and this creates spin-off benefits

When products are sold outside the province (exported), there are many benefits:

Provinces receive revenue (money) from the products sold

Revenue helps maintain economic prosperity (good economic times)

Money helps pay wages and keep jobs secure People spend their money in other areas, e.g.

restaurants, clothing stores, etc. and this creates spin-off benefits

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When a province buys products from another province or country (imports) there are some disadvantages:

If a country buys more products from another place than it sells to other places, they loose money. More money leaves the province to pay for the imported goods. This is called a Trade Deficit.

This means there is less money available for the province to spend on their people such as education, recreation facilities, etc.

When a province buys products from another province or country (imports) there are some disadvantages:

If a country buys more products from another place than it sells to other places, they loose money. More money leaves the province to pay for the imported goods. This is called a Trade Deficit.

This means there is less money available for the province to spend on their people such as education, recreation facilities, etc.

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Regional Economic Differences


Regional economic differences imply the difference between provinces in their employment level, and their wages (e.g. minimum wages, their prosperity)

Regional economic differences imply the difference between provinces in their employment level, and their wages (e.g. minimum wages, their prosperity)

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Reasons for regional economic differences:

1. Climate: Dictates the agriculture in the region, e.g.

soil type

2. Distribution of natural resource: Some provinces have more natural

resources such as the metallic minerals in British Columbia, which can be sold and used in manufacturing

Reasons for regional economic differences:

1. Climate: Dictates the agriculture in the region, e.g.

soil type

2. Distribution of natural resource: Some provinces have more natural

resources such as the metallic minerals in British Columbia, which can be sold and used in manufacturing

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3. Distance from manufacturing base: Customers on provinces far away from

southern Ontario and Quebec may have to pay more for produces because of the transportation costs

4. Population concentration: When population concentration in specific

areas, more services are available to these people then those in less populated regions

3. Distance from manufacturing base: Customers on provinces far away from

southern Ontario and Quebec may have to pay more for produces because of the transportation costs

4. Population concentration: When population concentration in specific

areas, more services are available to these people then those in less populated regions

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Vicious CirclesVicious Circles

Vicious Circle – The cycle of poverty created through the migration of skilled workers from a region and thereby discouraging new investments from other provinces and countries

Vicious Circle – The cycle of poverty created through the migration of skilled workers from a region and thereby discouraging new investments from other provinces and countries

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Slow economic growthLow wages, and high unemployment

Hard to attract highly trained peopleCan be paid higher wages elsewhere

Companies are less likely to move to A province with less people and therefore

Less skilled people

Less people means lessTax money for governmentAnd therefore lack funding

For education and other social services

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Equalization PaymentsEqualization Payments

The federal government helps all provincial governments pay for their social services

Less prosperous provinces receive a greater amount of money towards these costs

These funds are called equalized payments

This system helps ensure all regions receive adequate social services

The federal government helps all provincial governments pay for their social services

Less prosperous provinces receive a greater amount of money towards these costs

These funds are called equalized payments

This system helps ensure all regions receive adequate social services

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Vicious Circle of Economic GrowthVicious Circle of Economic Growth

Slow economic growth.High unemployment rates. Low wages.

Difficult to attract well-trained people.

Many skilled workers more elsewhere

Companies seeking skilled workers do not move here.

Fewer people mean lower tax revenue.

Cannot build new schools, universities, etc.

1 chapter 18 working canada. 2 introduction in 2001, over 15.8 million people were employed in...

Documents

primary manufacturing

steel industry page

algoma algoma steel

secondary manufacturing

working canada slide

secondary industry

basic types of industry

broad manufacturing