1 chap 6 engineering design prep004 – introduction to applied engineering college of engineering -...
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Chap 6Engineering Design
PREP004 – Introduction to Applied Engineering
College of Engineering - University of Hail
Fall 2009
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What do these “creations” have in common?
1k/10kHz
Exposure
Intensity amplifier
selector
Tuning circuit
Exposure Control
Reset
sensitivity
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
counter 8 4 2 1 reset
count Infrared detectors
VEX Controller
AD1
AD14
AD15
AD16
Analog To
Digital
Digital IO
Port
CPU
Memory
Infrared Receiver Board
003d50 cfd9 MOVFF 0xfd9,0xfe6
003d52 ffe6 003d54 cfe1 MOVFF
0xfe1,0xfd9 003d56 ffd9003d58 0e02 MOVLW
0x2 003d5a 26e1 ADDWF
0xe1,0x1,0x0
003d5c 0e05 MOVLW 0x5
003d60 ec7d CALL
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Common…….1. They are “created” for a purpose, a “function.”
Most of them fulfill multiple functions.
2. They all have some sort of a shape, a “form.” The shape relates to the function, the usage of the
device, materials implementation, and many other factors.
3. They are all made by using “material.”
4. Virtually all have “cost” considerations.
5. Others have: safety, environmental, simplicity, usability, comfort, …considerations.
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Functions?
Function 1
Functions 1 2
Functions 1 2 3
Functions 1 2 3 4 5
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Engineering Design
Function: To receive signals from the beacon, analyze, send information to controller. (input/output).Form: Most simple rectangle, except the receivers: semicircle. Reason: usage requires wider angle.Material: electronic components
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The Key Elements of Product Design
• Function: All products and services have one or more It is the reason you are building the product. It is the purpose of your design.
• Form: The final form of a product, or a structure, is the result of many factors: -The way you achieve the function, the “solution”, -The available material, their use , their properties,cost, environment etc.
• Materials: The availability and properties have direct effect on the form of the product: strength, weight, flexibility, weathering, environmental impact, aesthetics, temperature, cost, etc.
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The Key Elements of Product Design
.Function
Material Form
Cost
The following is a list of preliminary criteria for a better mousetrap design. This list would be included in the problem definition statement.
• · The design must be low cost.
• · The design should be safe, particularly with small children.
• · The design should not be detrimental to the environment.
• · The design should be aesthetically pleasing.
• · The design should be simple to operate, with minimum human effort.• · The design must be disposable (you don't reuse the trap).• · The design should not cause undue pain and suffering for the mouse.
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Question 1
The final form of a structure is the result of the following factor(s):
a. The use of the material
b. The properties of the material
c. The way the function is achieved.
d. The cost and availability of the material
e. All of the above
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Question 2• The three most important elements of a design
are?
A. Form, Shape, Looks
B. Form, Shape, Size
C. Purpose, Scope, Cost
D. Function, Form, Materials
E. Responsibility, Applicability, Compatibility.
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Design… a definition
'Design is the decision making process by which an idea is transformed into an outcome”
Design establishes and defines solutions to and pertinent structures for problems not solved before, or new solutions to problems not solved before, or new solutions to problems which have previously been solved in a different way
( product or service)
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Engineering Design is a Process
Manpower / Team Work
Materials
Methods / Systematic
Machinery / Testing
Money / Cost
Process
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The Need
Research
GenerateSolutions
Implement
Test
Evaluate Solutions & Select
The design Process
Evaluate
OutcomeDesignProcess
GeneralInformation
SpecificInformation
NO YES
The five steps used for solving design problems are:
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1. Define the problem2. Gather pertinent information3. Generate multiple solutions4. Analyze and select a solution5. Test and implement the solution
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The Engineering Design Process
• Need for the product or the service There has to be a need for the product or the service.
– Who defines it? Society - Government
Market: Customer – Consumer
Need for: Transportation, Communication, Health, Education Food-processing, preservation, delivery, Defense, Entertainment, Comfort, Business , …
• Define The Need: Once the need has been established, the first step of the engineering process is to define the problem on hand.
• BUT, before you define a problem you need to understand it.
• Evaluate the project constraints.
• Customer Requirements What customer ordered: product or services.
(You may have to help your customer define his need)• Translate customer requirements into a workable/ engineering
concept.
Need
Define Problem
Research
Generate many
Solutions
Select best one
Implement &Test
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The Engineering Design Process (cont.)
• Gather Information (Research) for all “How to” elements.
• 10 – 30% of an engineers time can be spend on this step.
• It is continuous rather than a one step activity (“Learning Curve” applies)– Applicable engineering principles – Materials, properties.– Tools and equipment, how to operate.– Etc.
Need
Define Problem
Research
Generate many
Solutions
Select best one
Implement &Test
JKA_ 2009 18
The Engineering Design Process (cont.)
• Brainstorming: An activity designed to generate a lot of ideas/solutions.
• Quantity is of importance - design has many solutions
• Build on the ideas of others
• Focus on Function
- No criticism
- All ideas are welcome- No limits or boundaries- No hesitation
- Sketching : a graphical presentation of an idea
Need
Define Problem
Research
Generate many
solutions
Select best one/
Implement
Implement &Test
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The Engineering Design Process (cont.)
• Modeling• Functional Performance
• Data Analysis• Decision
• Analyze failures • Redesign• Utilize alternate solutions
Need
Define Problem
Research
Generate many
solutions
Select best one/
Implement
Test
Example of Engineering Design Work – Hip Implant
• With age or certain illnesses joints deteriorate. Particularly those with large loads (such as hip).
Example – Hip Implant
• Requirements– mechanical strength
(many cycles)– good lubricity– biocompatibility
Adapted from Fig. 22.24, Callister 7e.
Example – Hip Implant
Adapted from Fig. 22.24, Callister 7e.
Solution – Hip Implant
• Key Problems to overcome:– fixation agent to hold
acetabular cup– cup lubrication material– femoral stem – fixing agent
(“glue”)– must avoid any debris in
cup– Must hold up in body
chemistry– Must be strong yet flexible
AcetabularCup and
Liner
Ball
Femoral Stem
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REFERENCE1. Ertas, A., Jones, J. C., The Engineering Design Process, John Wiley and Sons, NewYork, 1996.2. Lumsdaine, E., Lumsdaine, M., Shelnutt, J. W., Creative Problem Solving andEngineering Design, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1999.3. Sanders, M. S., McCormick, E. J., Human Factors in Engineering and Design,McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1993.4. Dym, C. L., Little, P., Engineering Design: A Project-Based Introduction, JohnWiley, New York, 1999.5. Hyman, B., Fundamental of Engineering Design, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1998 6-
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