1. cell theory ·all know living things are made up of cells ·cells are the basic unit of structure...
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Cell Theory·All know living things are made up of cells·Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things·All cells come from pre-existing cells·Clip
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Robert Hooke-1665
·First to see cells.·First to use the word “cells”- named for the places that monks sleep in monastery ·Built first microscope
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Theodor Schwann1839Concluded that all animals are made up of cells
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Matthias Schleiden
1839
Concluded that all plant cells are made up of cells
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Two basic Types of Cells5
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Prokaryotic CellsDO HAVE·Cell membrane·Ribosomes·DNA
DO NOT HAVE·Organelles·Nucleus
·Are all singled celled organisms.·Thought of as more ancient life forms…they came 1st!
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Eukaryotic Cells
·Have organelles.·Singled-celled or multicellular organisms!·2 Types: Plant and Animal
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Basic Cell Structure
·Cells come in many different shapes and sizes.·Like bricks in a building, cells make up all living things·Clip
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The Cell Membrane
·The outside of ALL cells are surrounded by a membrane made of phospholipids.·Nickname: “The gatekeeper”
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Membrane Structure
·There are proteins “stuck” in the membrane that help get things into and out of the cells. ·They also help to get messages into the cell.
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The Membrane is a lipid bilayer.
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How do molecules get into and out of a cell?
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Transport through the membrane
Two types·Passive Transport·Energy input NOT required·Active Transport·Energy input required
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Passive Transport
Protein
Moves material from High Concentration to Low concentration
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3 types of Passive Transport ·Diffusion·Osmosis·Facilitated Diffusion
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Diffusion·Movement of molecules from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration·Always higher to lower!·No energy input required!
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Osmosis:Diffusion of water through a cell membrane
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·Types of solutions: The direction in which the water moves is determined by the type of solution. ·Remember water runs downhill!· From high concentration to low concentration.
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3 types of Solutions19
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What types of solution?
Hypertonic Or
Hypotonic?
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HighConcentration
Low Concentration
Cell Membrane bilayer
Proteinchannel
Facilitated DiffusionParticles moved with the help of membrane proteins
Glucosemolecules
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Active Transport·Energy is required.·Need ATP- the universal energy molecule.·Low to high concentration
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Let's review Passive Transport!
http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/biology1111/animations/passive1.swf
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Ways to get molecules into and out of a cell with active transport
Some molecules are too large to get through the membrane.Website
·Endocytosis·Into
·Exocytosis·Out of
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HERE
Exocytosis And Endocytosis
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Cell Structure
·Cells are composed of a variety of structures that help them do their jobs.
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·Found in Plant, Fungi, and Bacteria Cells·Provides support and protection ·In plants, the cell wall is made of the carbohydrate cellulose.
23Cell Wall
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Ribosomes
·Not technically an organelles.·Nickname: “protein maker”·They help put the amino acids together to make proteins.·Made of the nucleic Acid-RNA
http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/ribo.htm
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The Cytoplasm
·jelly-like substance·contains all of the organelles
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Organelles in the Cytoplasm
·Each organelle has a specific function so that the cell can do its job.·Each organelle has its own job!·Remember: ONLY EUKARYOTIC CELLS HAVE ORGANELLES!!!!
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What’s an organelle?
·Organelle mean “tiny organ.”·Organelles function together to help the cell carry out all of life’s activities!!
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Nucleus-The Control Center
·“The Brain”·Contains the DNA·DNA controls which proteins get made-and when!·Where ribosomes are made
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·has a phospholipid bilayer around it·nuclear pores allow substances to move into and out of the nucleus·DNA NEVER leaves the nucleus
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Nucleus (Continued)
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
·Membrane system - function = protein synthesis and transport.·thought of as a Highway and a place of protein synthesis.
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Two types of ER
·Smooth·No attached ribosomes·Rough·Attached ribosomes
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Golgi Apparatus
·Nickname: “UPS”·Packages molecules and sends them to their destination.·Also checks to make sure the molecules are put together correctly, if not correct it sends them back to the ER.
Website
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Let’s Review
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Vacuoles· packages of material that are being stored and transported
·Plants usually have one large one·Animals generally have many small ones.
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Lysosomes
·Nickname “Recycling Center”·Has digestive enzymes that breakdown and recycle molecules.
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Chloroplasts
Site of photosynthesis in plants.
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Cytoskeleton·Gives cells their shape.·Contain proteins: microtubules (shape) and microfilaments (movement). ·
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Mitochondria·Nickname: “Powerhouse”·Site of ATP production·ATP is the universal energy molecule·Energy is stored in the bonds of ATP.·Website
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chloroplast
nucleolus
ribosomes
mitochondria
cell wall
Golgi apparatus
rough ER
vacuole
Plant cell
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rough ER
microfilaments
nuclear pore
ribosomes
mitochondria
microtubules
Golgi apparatus
centriole
Animal cell
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Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell
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Levels of Organization·Cells make up tissues.·Tissues make up Organs.·Organs make up organ systems.
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