1 by dr mahmood ur rahman professor of community med
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ByDr Mahmood Ur Rahman
Professor of Community Med
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Community Medicine
The field concerned with the study of health and disease in the defined community or group.
Its goal is to identify the health problems and needs of people (community diagnosis) and to plan, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of health care system.
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GOALS OF MODERN MEDICINE
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Focus shift from treatment of sick Prevention of Diseases Promotion of health Quality of life improvement for individuals
& groups
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Five Star Doctor
CommunicatorDecision Maker
Manager Care Provider
Leader
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Knowledge regarding Study of :
Population to be served Demography
Patterns of Health and disease Epidemiology
Collection, compilation and analysis of data
Biostatistics
Behavioral factors and their effect on Health
Behavioral sciences
Control and prevention of diseases
Preventive Medicine
The food people eat Nutrition
Environmental factors and their effects on Health
Environmental Health
Delivery of Health Care Health Administration and Planning 5
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Assessment System (Annual) TERM TESTS: 02 PRE-ANNUAL EXAM ANNUAL EXAM Viva and spotting PBL (Problem Based Learning)
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Annual Examination
Marks of Written Paper : 135 Time Allowed = 3 Hrs (Including MCQs) Marks of Internal Assessment : 15Max Marks : 150 Pass Marks : 75 Written paper will comprise of two parts
(A & B) Q–1 (MCQ) (one best out of five items type from
whole course, on separate sheet (Time 30 Min) : 30 Marks
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Part – ASEQs/SAQs (15 Marks each) Q–2 PBQ Whole courseQ–3 Epidemiology (Gen & Spec) + Screening of
DiseasesQ–4 Statistics Q–5 Communicable / non communicable
diseases
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Part – BSEQs/SAQs (09 Marks each) Q–6 MCH and family planning / demographyQ–7 Nutrition / Entomology / Parasitology / Health
Education/ Occupational Medicine/ Social / Behavioral Sciences
Q–8 Water / Environmental Health Q–9 Accidents / Disasters / Smoking / / Substance
abuse / School Health / Mental Health / Geriatrics / Housing/ Snake bite
Q–10 HMIS / Medical Ethics / PHC / International Health / Concept of Health and disease / Planning and Management
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Allocation of Marks
Written Paper Max Marks: 135 MarksInternal Assessment: 15 Marks (Based on marks obtained in Theory Papers of Term Tests and
Pre Annual exam)
Sub Total: 150 Marks
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Oral & Practical
Max Marks: 150 Viva: 100 MarksSpotting: 10 MarksProject: Day Book/Visit Book/Entomology/
Research 25 MarksInternal Assessment: PBL/ Viva Pre Annual: 15 Marks
Sub Total: 150 MarksGrand Total: 300 Marks
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The complete course of Community Medicine is according to the laid down Syllabus issued by PMDC
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Core Contents
Concepts of Health and disease Introduction to Public Health and Health
Systems in Pakistan Epidemiology , Screening and
Infectious Disease Control Non Communicable Diseases Biostatistics and HMIS Demography and Population Dynamics Food and nutrition Reproductive and Child Health
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Core Contents…. School Health Services Environmental health Occupational Health Parasitic Diseases – Prevention and control Zoonotic diseases Arthropods of Public Health Importance Mental Health Behavioral Sciences Health Education and Promotion Disaster Management Medical Ethics
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Concept of Health and Disease
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Dimensions and Spectrum of
Health
Determinants of Health
Health Indicators
Primary Healthcare Concept
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Introduction to Public Health & Health systems in Pakistan
Background and concepts
Development of Public Health in Pakistan
Economics and Health
Health Policy and Planning in Pakistan
Health System in Pakistan
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Epidemiology and Disease Control
Background and concepts, uses Basic measurements in epidemiology Epidemiological methods, association and
causation investigation of epidemics, screening for disease Research and survey methodology
Definitions: infection, contact, host, carriers
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Dynamics of infectious disease transmission Control of infection Epidemiology, control and prevention of
infectious diseases of public health importance Diseases transmitted through inhalation Diseases transmitted through faeco-oral route Diseases of animals conveyed to man Diseases due to direct contact
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Epidemiology, Control and Prevention of Non-infectious Diseases of Public Health Importance
Hypertension Coronary heart disease Cancers Injuries Diabetes Mellitus Obesity Acute Rheumatic fever Ischaemic heart diseases
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Biostatistics
Concepts and uses Data and its types Rate, ratio and proportion Crude, specific and standardized rates Collection and registration of vital events in Pakistan Sources of health related statistics Measures of central tendency (Mean, Mode, Median)
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Demography and Population Dynamics
Concept, Principles, Demographic processes Census, definition, types, methodology Determinants of fertility, mortality Population pyramid and its interpretation Demographic transition, demographic trap Demographic & social implications of high
population growth Social mobilization Urbanization
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Food and Nutrition
Concepts of Nutrition Malnutrition at all stages of life Dietary requirements Food hygiene, pasteurization, fortification,
adulteration and preservation Food poisoning Assessment of nutritional status of Community
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Reproductive and Child health
Safe motherhood & its components Maternal mortality, causes and prevention Infant care, growth & development,
breast feeding, common causes of morbidity and mortality, their prevention and control
IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) Adolescent health Reproductive tract infections, managing STDs
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Health of School age Children
Role of teachers and role of doctors in maintenance of health
Procedures for determining the health status of school children
Common health problems of school children
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Environmental Health Air Composition, pollution, purification, diseases caused by
air impurities & their prevention Water, Sources, daily requirement, causes of pollution,
its prevention, purification, quality standards, diseases
due to polluted water Waste Disposal, Hazards and Safety Measures Radiation sources, types, causes, hazards, prevention Healthful housing, urban & rural slums, Refugee camps
and hostels Noise, causes, acceptance level,
hazards and control
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Occupational Health Concepts of occupational Health and
Medicine Ergonomics and its Importance Occupational Hazards Principles of prevention and Control Organization of Occupational Health Services Health insurance and Social Security Schemes
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Arthropods and Their Public Health Importance
Common arthropod borne diseases Control of arthropod of medical
importance Insecticides and their public health
importance
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Prevention and control of parasitic diseases of public health importance
Snake bites, personal protection and management
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Mental Health
Concept, common mental health
problems, causes and prevention
Juvenile delinquency
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Behavioural Sciences and Life Style
Concept, attitudes, health and illness behaviour
Drug abuse, addiction and smoking Child abuse and child labour Role of physical exercise in health and
disease
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Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Concept, aims & objectives Approaches used in public health Contents, principles & stages of health
education Communication methods, barriers, and skills
in health education Planning, organizing and evaluating a health
education programme Social marketing
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Disaster Definition, classification Natural Disasters like Earthquakes, Floods Epidemic of communicable diseases Man made disasters Accidents, thermonuclear warfare, causes and
prevention Magnitude and effects of Disaster and Public
Health consequences Disaster preparedness and management
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Medical Ethics
Background concepts and components National recommended guidelines Code of Medical Ethics
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Practical and Community Based Training
Students should have practical experience in: Questionnaire development Data collection Compilation Presentation Analysis Report writing
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Field Visits Visit to BHU and RHC Visit to an NGO Visit to a primary school to assess the nutritional
status of school children Visit to MCH/Reproductive Health Centre to observe
the organization, function of the centre, Antenatal care, FP services & Immunization
Visit to a hospital to see the hospital waste disposal Visit to an industry Visit to a physical/mental/social rehabilitation centre
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Skills Development Lab
Water purification at domestic level Contraceptives Vaccination including the
cold chain Oral Rehydration solution
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Recommended Reading
Park’s Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine by K Park
Public Health and Community Medicine by Ilyas and Ansari
Lecture Notes
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