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Bio 101

Laboratory 9

Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

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Objectives of Lab

• Become familiar with the bones and structures of the– Pelvis (Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis)

– Lower Limb (Femur, Tibia, and Fibula)

– Foot (Tarsals, Metatarsals, and Phalanges)

• Be able to recognize the skeletal structures listed on your Laboratory Guide handout, Exercise 8 & 9 (Ilium through Phalanges of Foot)

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Landmarks of Bones

• Spine – A pointed process/ridge

• Trochanter – A large rough projection (larger than either a tubercle or tuberosity)

• Crest – Prominent ridge

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Skeletal Organization

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Pelvis

Pelvis = Ossa Coxae (hip bones) + Sacrum + Coccyx

(Anterior)

(Posterior)

Singular: Os Coxa(Also: inominate)

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Bones of the Pelvis

(Medial view of right coxa)

(Lateral view of right coxa)

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Bones of the Pelvis

*

*

*Ischial Spine

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Bones of the Pelvis

Ischial Spine

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Divisions of the Pelvis

Pubic crest

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Male-Female Pelvic Differences

1. Iliac bones are more flared in the female; hips are broader2. Pubic angle is greater in the female pelvis3. Greater distance between the ischial spines in the female pelvis4. Broader, flatter pelvis in females; wider, more circular pelvic inlet5. Less projection of sacrum and coccyx into the pelvic outlet in the female pelvis

Male FemaleSee Table 11.1 in Marieb’s

Laboratory Manual

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The Lower Limbs

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The Femur

(notch)

Anterior Posterior

(Right leg)

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The Tibia and Fibula

Right leg, Anterior

TIBia = Thicker Inner BoneFibuLA is LAteral

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Bones of the Foot

Right foot, superior view

Medial

Lateral

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Bones of the Foot

Right foot, medial view

Head of metatarsals = ball of foot

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Bones of the Foot

Right foot, superior view

Tall Californian Navy

Medical Interns Like Cuban cigars

(Medial to lateral)

Note: You may have to identify the tarsal, metatarsal, or phalangeal bones for the lab exam.

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What you should do in lab today…

• Marieb’s Laboratory Manual– Review Exercise 10 for pelvis (if you haven’t done

this already)

• Handle the bones listed in your Laboratory Guide. Use your labeled figures as guides to the names of the bones and structures

• REVIEW previously seen bones for the lab exam 2 next week.

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What you should be able to do after lab today…

• Know the names of, and be able to recognize, ALL the bones and structures we covered in the last three labs (listed on Laboratory Guide checklists)

• **Remember, you should be able to recognize and distinguish disarticulated bones based on their unique characteristics!!

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Lab Exam 2

• There will be 24 stations, about 50 questions, on the lab exam

• Some disarticulated bones, and some bones attached to skeleton. Remember, look for the characteristics and markings of the bone in order to distinguish one bone from another

• THINK in terms of ‘lateral’ and ‘medial’ rather than ‘right’ and ‘left’ to avoid getting confused about bone landmarks. Proceed SLOWLY!

• You should also know the 5 differences between the male and female pelvis

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For the next regular lab…

• For Skeletal Muscles Labs (11 & 12)

– Read Exercises 12 &13 in Marieb’s Lab Manual• Familiarize yourself with the histology of skeletal,

smooth, and cardiac muscle in Mastering A&P: Histology: Muscle

– Read the Laboratory Guide handout for Exercise 11. THIS IS IMPORTANT!!!!

– Read first part of Dissection Exercise 1 in Marieb’s Lab Manual. You will begin dissecting the cat in this lab and finish in lab 12.

Don’t forget to bring: Dissecting kits, gloves, and safety glasses! You will be using these throughout A&P II as well.