1 area dev project balochistan page(1-137)

8/8/2019 1 Area Dev Project Balochistan Page(1-137)

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AREA DEVELOPM ENT'NOCRAIVI

M EBALOCHISTAN

PI-ANNING AND DWELOPMENT DEPARIMENT@VERNMENT OF BALOCHISTAN

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AREA DEVELOPM ENT PROGRAM M EBALOCHISTAN

PI'4NNING AND DEWLOPMENT DEPAKTMENTGOVERNMENT OF BALO CHISTANQUETTA


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PC-r EORMCode Number of Proiect(To be filledinby

Planning Commission)

PART IA'PROJECTDIGESTi. Name of the project: Area Developme,nt Programme Balochistan2. Authorities responsible for:

i) Sponsoring a. Governrnent of Balochistanb. United Nations Development hogramme (UNDP)c. World Food Programme (WFP)d. World Bankii) Elrecution Planning & Development Department, in collaborationwith line Deparunents, Government of Balochistan.ut) Operation & Maintenance Line Departments & Beneficiaries

3. Time required for completion of 60 months (exclusive of 12 monthsthe Programme ( inmonths) preparatory phase)4. (a) Plan Provision:

(i) Ifthe project is included in the current Five-year Plan, qpecify acnral allocation.This Programme is inctudedunder Agricultrre sector in the current Five Year Plan forBalochistan which has not yet been indicated by Federal Government. As an interimarrangenent, a sum of Rs, 88.247 rrlillion has ben reflecrcd and allocated under theADP of the agriodture sector for the year 1998-99.

(i0 If not included in the current plan, how is it now proposed to be accommodated(inrr/intra sectoral adjustnents in allocation or other resources may be indicated).Not applicable.

iii) If the project is proposed to be fmanced ort of block provision for e prograrune,indicate:

Not applicable.

(b) If project is not in the plan: what wanants its inclusion in the plan.Not ap'plicable

I

Total blockprovision Amount alreadycommitted Amount

proposed for thisproject Balance amilable


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v-\IJlJ. Relationship of the project with the objectives of the sector: Indicate the connibution of the project,quantified if possible, to the targets in the Five year Plan, and the names of other projects (whethersanctioned or under prepaxation) which would form part of an integrated programme wittin *te sectors.

This is proposed as a Progranme, not a single project. It will be multi-sectoral.The underlying principleof the programme is to be pro-g)or, and pro-nature. The main goal will be to alleviatE poverty withappropriate care of the environment and provision of a system of sustainable livelihoods. The basicapproach to be adopted will be participatory. The activities targeting poverty alleviation will, inter alia,include enhancement of agricultural prodrctivity by effective and effrcient management of land andwater, introduction ef high value crops, value addition to agricrrlnral products, reduction in post-harvestlosses, improvement in the ouqut of livestock through disease control, range development, feedsupplementation and fodder prodrction; promotion of micro and smalt scale village enterprises especiallyfot wotnen, promotion of commercially viable privafe invesffnent, search for and strengthening ofoppornmities for self-employment, The village communities will be effectively involved by mobilizationand then in planning, designing, implementation, operation and maintenance of activities. In this way thehogramme will address their real needs in all sectors and create zusainable development.The Programme cornponents include:o social mobilization (including social services)r Gender and developmentr Institutional developmeuto Sustainable energy. Water resour@s development and conservation. Agicultural production. Livestockproductionandextension. Agnculnral marketing and postharvest managementr Rangeandfodderdevelopmentr Farm to market roadsr Micro enlerprise developmentr Conservation of environmentThe objective and strategy of the Programme is in line with the approach for the Ninth Five Year Planwhich places emphasis on productivit), enhanceonent througb efficient use of local resources, nairalresource conservation and enhancing the capabilities of people to exploit economic opporUrnities andinvolving them in design, construction, operation maintenance and supervision to ensure cost-effectiveness and financial sustainability.The 9th plan concept document says that in the situation where Balochistan finds itself in, with a vastgeographical and rugged area, scattered population, diverse climatic conditions and above dl wittrlimited funds for development, it is inevitable to follow a policy of selective growth. The 9th ptan hasused the notion of growth poles and growth centres. Honiculture, crop agriculture, livestock, fisheries,minerals and trade have been identified as the most promising economic sectors (groffi poles) inBalochistan and all still have a promising growth potntial. The growth c,ntres could be identified usingthree criteria namely (a) the presence of population; (b) the presnt and probable future concenhation ofactivities in the foresaid growth sectors; and (c) ttle availability of ground water potential. A similarstrategy has been adopted in the formulation of fuea Development Propamme.The stratgies and projects (mostly at plenning stage) under infrasfiucture, prodrctive and social sectorsas outlined in the proposed ninth five year plan are re,prodrced below:


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rbRoadsThe 9ttt plan envisages completion of on-going schemes and to develop District link roads in 12 Districtswhere these facilities are minimal. The private sector and the communities will be effectively involved tolessen capital investment burden on the public exchequer and to ensure sustainability of the schemes.Water and IrrigationThe lowering of the water table is a matter of great concern that can have a multiplicity of negativeeffects on all spheres of life. The Government has to and will act to counter this alarming development.Measures will have !o be taken in legal terms, in terms of pricing policies and in terms of physicalmeasures for recharging of the groundwater levels. The actions, inter alia, include continuation of on-going and undertaking new projects as under:Balochistan Community lrrigation and Agriculture Project (BCIAP). This is anongoing project assisted by World Bank. The project aims at development of 30 mini irrigation schemes,8 minor irrigation schemes and 4 flood inigation schemes for irrigating 12000 acres of land. The projectaims to develop sustainable farmer organizations which, among other things, will effectively operate andmaintain mini l6igsfi61 schemes.National Drainage Programme (NPD) Project - This is a national on-going project designedto improve the drainage and water management infrastructure in about 5 million hectares and protectinland wetland.The new projects likely to be included in the 9th five year plan are (a) Dams/Flood lrrigation Schemesand Perennial Inigation Schemes (Rs.2534.01 million) and O) Flood Control and Flood Management ofHill Torrenrs (Rs. 1802.39 million).Range and WatershedThe Forest Departrnent will continue with its existing policy of meeting fuel wood and small timberneeds of communities; rehabilitate range lands; conserve ecosystems diversities and genetic resources offlora and fona; promole community participation; proteet agricultural lands against soil erosion, landslides and floods; strengthen forestry education and training etc. The most relevant on-going and plannedinterventions include :Conservation and Management of Juniper Forests, Ziarat. It is a communiry basedproject desiped to (i) undertake a diagrrostic survey of the area to help plan operations, (ii) incorporatethe local commwdties ino planning and implementation of the programme; (iii) establish about 500 ha ofcommunity fuel wood shrubs plantation, and (iv) conduct public awareness campaigrs concerning theproject.Strengthening of the Planning and Implementation Capabilities of ForestDepartment. The project aims at the establishment of separate wings for wildlife, range nxnagemenrand social forestry.Water Management at Khuzdar Catchment of Khuzdar Town - 2000 acres will betreated applying watershed management and soil conservation practices.Establishment of Forest Ntrrseries in Balochistol - Forest nurseries will be raised on 100acres to support forest plantations.


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*Operational Project for the Development of Sericulture - The project aims at improvingrural incomes and providing job opportunities.LivestockIn the 9th plan period Government will attach high priority to the livestock sector, given its importancefor the provincial economy. The priorities will include (a) increase in productivity, (b) improve feed andfodder availability, (c) improve coverage of animal health care, (d) provide extension services, (e)improve livestock marketing systems and (0 intensify relations with the private sector.A number of new projects and major new activities are planned to be pursued during the course of 9thfive year plan. They include (a) improvement of existing veterinary facilities i.e. provision of 10 newveterinary hospitals and 100 new dispensaries in areas dominated by resource poor producers; @)implementation of a community based animal health care programme on pilot basis in selected Districtswhich, among other interventions, will train at least 5 volunteer health assistants (especially women) ineach village to cauer to roufine aninlal health problems; (c) major animal production thrust on camel andhorse developmenq (d) srengthening of the Directorate of Artificial lnsemination to enlarge itscoverage; (e) feasibility of export promotion zone to facilitate export of livestock to neighbouringcormtries; (D radio broadcast to educate fanners on latest production tecbniques; (g) involving NGOs intraining prograrnmes, (h) encouraging farmers to sell animals through organized markets on weightbasis; (i) improve integration between foresbry and rangeland/livestock activities and 0) involvement ofwomen in the livestock sertor.AgricultureThe agroecological diversity obtaining in Balochistan permits the cultivation of a wide range of field andhorticultural crops. Prodrction of agriculhral crops in general and fruit crops in particular have shownan impressive increase during ttre past decade. However, low yield, poor quality, sigiificant post-harvestlosses and weak marketing systems tend to keep net rehrrns to the farmers low. A sizeable portion ofland is lying as cultivable waste. The steps !o be taken for the development of agriculture sector duringthe gth plan period will, inter alia, endeavor !o overcome these problems.The targets for improving prodrction envisage an annual increase in wheat production at2Vo,barley 5%,oilseeds 5%, cumin 5%,onion 5%, potaa 5%, vegetables 5% ta fi% and fruits 5%. The growth infertilizers use is targeued at l3/o for nitrogenous fertilizers and 15% for potash and phosphatic fertilizersduring the plan period. The exteruion services would be sfiengthened to help achieve these targets. Atthe same time markefing facilities would be improved so tbat the benefits of increased production reachthe farming communities.The important projects (mostly at planning stage) are briefly discussed below:

Sailaba Agficulture Development in Balochistolr. The project aims to undertake anintegrated agrictttural development approach to promote agriculture in six districts where sailabairrigation system predominates, The interventions include (a) establishment of 6 adaptive research andseed production farms of 10 acres each; O) development of 6 market squares; (c) provision of 100 lansfarm to market roads; (d) block forest planAdon on 600 acres; (e) establishment of 6 extension centres;(0 consfuction of 150 sailaba bandats; (g)tainings; and O) research on water conservation and bandatengineering etc.

Water Management Institute at Ziarat - To be set up at Ziarat with substations at Loralai,Uthal and Turbat, under the directives of the Prime Minister. The project aims at promoting andfacilitating the use of high efficiency irrigation systerns in fruit and vegetables.


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T 8-Agriculture Information Bureau - aims to support agricultural extension service through aneffective agriculture information service using audio-visual aids, media including electronic media,conduct seminars and workshops etc.Accelerated Horticulture Development in Balochistan - The project aims at thedevelopment of high value horticultural crops for domestic as well as international markets.Establishment of Balochistan Seed Corporation - To cater for the seed requiremenrs of theprovince as well as export to other provinces. Balochistan's climate is ideally suited for producingdisease free quality seed, especially vegetable seed.Development of Agricultural Marketing Systems in Balochistan - There is onty oneregulated fruit and vegetable wholesale market at Quetta in Balochistan. The province is the secondlargest producer of horticultural crops and the largest producer of deciduous fruits in Pakistan. Theproject aims at seuing up rural markets to facilitate farmers to sell their produce at competitive prices.Horticulture Research and Development Institute * Because of the relatively strongfirancial position of the horticulfure suhsector and its growth potential, including export, establishmentof Horticulture Research and Development Institute (HRDI) is planned in order !o consolidate on-goingefforts and support the horticulture indusury in Balochistan. The instinrte will cover all aspects fromprodrction to post-harvest handling and marketing of horticulture crops.IndustryThe industrial development of minerals, fisheries and agro-processing will be given higlr priority in orderto provide strong and sustainable base for extension of diversified industries. Many incentives likeexemption from taxes, duties, octroi and loan facilify will be given to attract private invesfinent. Asregards small industries, existing indrstrial estates would be improved and skill development activitiesfurther sfrengthened to facilitate small enterprises and self-employment. The other important areas willinclude (a) better advisory and extension services provided by the lndustries nepartment; O)improvement of the system of market information; and (c) improved follow-up of policies and othermeasures arnounced by the Government.Important projects for the 9th five year plan include (1) Establishment of Advisory Trade Centre atQuetta; (2) Establishment of Small Industries Estales in Quetta, Khuzdar and Gwadar; (3) SelfEmployment Scheme for qualified professionals and young graduates; and (4) Further development ofmini Industrial Estates at lnralai, T\rrbat, Khuzdar and pasni.EducationThe poltcy for the 9th Five Year Plan period is aimed at consolidarion of achievements, while at thesame time putting even greater emphasis on further improvement of the quality of education, an increasein the access and participation in educatio'n. The aspiration is to lift overall literacy rate to betvyeen 50%and ffiVo. The Govemment will shift its attention from primary education to the concept of elemenraryeducation, including middte schools. The objective will be to provide education opporhrnities to allelementary school age children and to reduce drorpout rates.HealthNecessary stnrcture will be established to facilitate intersectoral coordination, community involvementand cooperation with NGOs. Drinking water and sanitation will be given priority. The water supplycoverageistargetedatTiVo andsanitationandsolidwaste disposal atzT% of thepopulation.


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Community ParticipationOver the years community participation has become a well accepted concept in development theory andpractice. It is a complex concept, in many cases meaning different things to different people. There is yetno uniform and universally accepled definition. The most far reaching community participation is wheremen and women identify problems and plan solution for these problems themselves, talce ttreresponsibility to implement these solutions by allocating resources etc. The Government will formulatepolicy and will put mechanism in place to implement and to monitor the implementation of this policy byvarious Government Depar.trnents and agencies, Establishment of Special Boards and Committees atProvincial, Divisional and District level will be considered. This policy will certainly address the gendergap which currently exists in community participation, with across the board, a more limited role forwomen than men.Institutional ArrangementsIn order to have effective community participation and cooperation with NGOs, institutionalarrangements will have had to be made. It has been decided to instruct the Planning and Development toappoint a coordinator for relations with NGOs and for coordinating strategies with regard 0o communityparticipation. Similarly each of the line departments in the productive areas, especially of Agriculture,the Departrnent of Livestock and Dairy Development and the Departrnent of Industries, Commerce andMineral Development), coordinators for the relation with private seclor would be appointed, from withinthe existing staff.The Area Development Programme will integrate its activities with the foresaid efforts to coordinatedevelopment activities and create consistency. It will thus help in the successful implementation ofstrategies and achievement of targets of the ninth five year plan.Cost of the Programme Mil.Rupees)

Iocal Cosl FEC TotalGovemment Share 3W.975 309.975Benefi ciary Participation 130.624 130.624UNDP Grant 203.051 24.4t9 227.470WFP Grant(Food for work/food starnps) r97.3t7 r97.317

WB Grant(Rural Roads feasibility study) 43.857 43.857

Total: 884.824 24.4r9 909.243The above cost covers implementation phase of the Programme for the period June 1998 to July 2003.Annual Recurring Expenditure after completion:(In Million Rupees)No annual recurring expenditure after completion of the hogramme will be involved. Theschemes/development activities completed under the Programme will be mosfly taken over andmaintained by the beneficiaries in their own interest. The activities meant for capacity building of theline departments in order to enable them to effectively discharge their obligations will be operated andmainained by them.

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lo -T8. Objectives of the Programme:

The broad objectives of the ADPB are as follows:(1) To increase level of economic activity in the Province:

o Increasequalityandproductivityofagriculnrraloutput.o Improve post-harvest management and marketing of agricultural output.r Improve livestock health cover, feed and fodder.. Improve availability and management of groundwater to sustain agriculture , both cropsand livestock.r Increase export ofagriculhrral products both fresh andprocessed.. Encourage value added processing of agro-based products.r Encourage exploitation of underutilized potential in areas like minerals and tourism.o Promote small scale enterprise development, specially for the resource poor andwomen.o Facilitate commercialization of existing micro enterprises.

(2) To improve the level of human resource development.o Facilitate access to basic education, especially technical education.o Increase oppornrnities for skill development llainings to produce trained persons forhanriling improved technologies.o Facilitate especialised trainings for rural entrepreneurs, bolh men and women.t Improve access to social services particularly health, drinking water and sanitation byintegrating SAP activities into the hogranme.t HelP improve efficiency of the Government administation to creat a responsive

Govemment at all levels.To involve both men and women of village communities in their owndevelopment.r Increase awareness.o Faciliate participation of communities, both men and women, in identification ofproblems and their possible solutions.r Facilitate access of communities, both men and women, to economically viable villagebased pursuits.r Increase participation of beneficiaries, and their productive role in the developmentprocess at all levels.r Discourage discriminatory treatment extended to women,r Increase access to social amenities.' Integrate on-going and planned efforts such as SAP and WFP into the Programme.To establish an institutional framework that will support the achievementof the first three objectives.' Increase awareness among communities about their role in development.o Increase representation of communities (beneficiaries) at different forums responsiblefor their development.r Increase participation of communities (beneficiaries) in their development relateddecision making process.

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$, 1rImprove efftciency of Government firnctionaries in handling community developmentprogrammes.Increase decentralization of development process and transfer of responsibility tocommunities (beneficiaries) especially in operation and maintenance.Improve coordination between line depar0nents.Integate TDMP (UNDP funded) and other such efforts into the hogramme.

To provide adequate inftastructure to enable the achievement of the firstthree objectives.Improve farm to market roads.Improve market places.Improve means of transport and communication.Increase number of functional schools, colleges and technical Eaining centres,especially for women.lmprove health facilities both for humans and livestock.Increase drinking water and sanitation facilities.Increase access to institutional credit.lncrease access to renewable energy options to redrce pressure on fuelwood andelectricity.Strengthen data base through GIS.

To arrest environmental degradation and rstore the environment to asustainable level.

: fi:l*";l*Jffi:fr1#f*ra"ema'iiveso Increase plantations and vegetation cover.. Improve recharge rate ofaquifer.: F#::ffiffi$"ff{HtfHffii:n3ffiH"*;*'hea'iers. Stren8fhen arrangements for efficient disposal of wastes.o Reduce use of synthetic chemicals specially pesticides.

The overall objective of the hogramme would be to contribute to poverty alleviation and sustainable humandevelopment in Balochistan's rural areas, by means of increased productivity of existing agricultural enterprises aswell as by introducing new enterprises, diversified income generation, food security including increased nutritionstandards, proper management and utilization of forest and range resources, improved land and water resourcemanagement and utilization of overall environmental protection and rehabilitation, and improved access to socialinfrastructure. Social amenities like basic health, education, domestic and stock water, sanitation would beimproved by increasing access of the communities to these services being offered by tlr line deparrnentsconcerned, gnder SAP Programme. Finally it would contribute to the sustainable human development of theProgramme areas.The Programme airns to undertake a number of community need based activities to achieve its objectives. Theindicative quantifiable intprventions may include the following:Community Development. Organise 1200 community groups, 600 each for men and women.o Train 1975 social activists, community activities, and staff of line deparments and NGOs.

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lr/' lt'Range Management and Fodder & Biodiversity. ImProve range and range management on an aredof 3,800 acres'r Introduce feed and fodder alternatives through 500 demonstraticin plots ofone acre each'r Produce 1,000,000 forest/forage plants by establishing nurseries'o Establish fuelwood lots on an area of 300 acres' 'z'r Maintain ongoing range activities on an area of 1,500 acres.o Train 5,000 community grazing monitors (80) & graziers $92,q.Watershed Managementr Planting of@20,000 acres andbills 10,000 acresr Construction of check dams in main stream (4,480,000 cfO. Construction of 60 earth dams.. Corstruction of flood protection gabion walls (2,800,000 cft). Establish water harvesting and spreading system (17,500 acres).o Construction of pond/valley dikes (15,214,000 cft). Development of agro-forestry (1,200,000 plants),r Train 150 field staff of line departments.:tt**t3il$*Y,i$otlr*ffiT?sdng raboratories each at euetra & Khuzdar,r Construct flood protection bunds (2,000,000 cft).. Construct 10 diversion dams with irrigation off-take.. Provide 2 community diesel pumps.. Layout 10 high efficiency inigation system demonstration plots of 3 acres each.: Hlffi:-:ff#i#-ffiffiHt'li"thTfi'#ii"r"n and 200 farmers in operation and mainrenanceof high efficiency irrigation systems.Sustainable Renewable Enerry' Demonstrate 120 units of solar rural elecfification': 3:*:fr[1]!?:ffiffi[:i::Ifr ;T,::T;",",*Horticulturer Establish 80 fruit plan nurseires. 'r Establish 80 demonstration plots. vo Demonstrate pruning/naining and plant protection improved practices on 3,000 acres.. Construct 25 ventilated cool store demonstration units. --'o Demonstrate the use of comrgated boxes (150,000 boxes).o Train 2,000 farmers, 500 traders and zl00 staff of line departments in improved production, marketingand poh--6rvest management practices.. Train 250 women trainers.Livestock Production. Urea straw treatrnent (400 tonnes).r Ewe flushing (200,000 animals).. Urea molasses blocks (31,200 blocks).. Multi cut fodder demonstration (520 acres).o Dlpping and drenching (200,000 anirtals each).. LaFb fattening (12,400lambs).. Calf-fattening (1,000 calves).. Cohstruct 80 water points.


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I c Construct 80 water points.o Train 400 farmers in animal health and nutrition.o Train 200 women in animal health, nutrition and bye-profucts.o Train 800 staff of line deparfiuents.

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Agriculhral Production. layout 320 demonstration plots on improved crop prodrction practices.. layout 160 viltage seed multiplication plots.o Provide 32 seedcleaners.r Establish 2 soil testing laboratories each at Loralai and Khuzdar.r ConductCIfielddays.o Train 2,000 fanners.r Train 200 village activists.o Train 700 non-diploma holder field assistants.' Conduct 100 study visits/refresher trainings of professional staff of line departnrents.Enterprise DeveloPmento Train 50 master trainers.o Conduct 8 indrstrial rips.r Train 500 villagers in micro-enterpriseo Install 50 micro enterprise schemes.Rural Infrastructureo Consfixct 150 krn farm to market shingle roads'

Prepared by:

Checked bY: Secretary, Planning & DeveloPmentDepartrnentif's;ffiAdditio { Cnief Secretary (Dev)Ptanning Development DeParfrnent

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PART'B'PROIECT DESCRIPTION AND NNANCING

Location:(a) Place and administrative districts in which the Programme will be lqcated:The Programme is meant for whole of Balochistan. However initially it will be launched in eight districtsnamely Quetta, Pishin, Killa Saifullah, l.oralai, Musa Khel, Mastung, Kalat and Kttuzdar for a period of5 years and gradually extended to other parts of Balochistan. The prognmme rnanagement main officewill be located in Quetta, with two sub-offices each at l,oralai and Khuzdar. A map indicating projectsites is attached as Annex L(b) Area and Population to be sovered by the programme. Income and Social -characteristics ofpopulation to be provided service:As mentioned above, the programme is meant for whole of the province. Initially the foresaid eightdistricts have been selected. They represent 26 % n terms of area and Q% n terms of population ofBalochistan.The economic and human conditiors in Balochistan present a dismal picture of underdevelopment andbackwardness. The major source of income to its inhabitants is agriculture which icelf is subsistence innature. By international standards for human development, Pakistan is placed 134th in the world andBalochistan is placed far behind.The population of Balochistan is estimated at 7,357,859 persons (1995). Population density in theprovince is very low, 21 persons per square kilometer, with peala of over ten times this average inQuetta and Jaffarabad and very empty areas (below 10) in Chagai, Kharan and Awaran districts.Educational status is probably the single most important social variable conftibuting economicdevelopment, as the effects of most other interventions are influenced by educational levels. Literacyrates in rural Balochistan are amongst ttre lowest in the world only t4Vo as against national average of29%,wrth the poorest even dropping lcr,low l0%. Except Quetta, health facilities are also poor. ThePakistan Integrated Household Survey (PIHS: 1991) revealed that at least 87% of the rural population inBalochistan reported one sick family member (during ttre preceding 30 days), rising upto 94% amongtbepoor, against the national avemge of 777o. The problem is further compounded by poor quality of rhedrinking water. It is estimated that only l2To of the population has access to reasonably safe drinkingwater. The low educational and health status warrants extra efforts in this respect, and also for economicdevelopment.There are a number of explanations for the backwardness and underdevelopment of the Province whichrange from the inherent characteristics of population and its soil, to lack of education, limited cultivableland, poor economic infrastructure especially roads, absence ofan industrial base etc.Human beings are the key resources in every area. They create and sustain social and economicdevelopment. Investrnent in human resources is known to be very important for the promotion ofeconomic growth. The general development of Balochistan's people is relatively low, at least in terrs ofsocial services. According to a socio-economic ranking for Pakistan (1990/91) only euetta came in thefirst 60 and all the rest in the bottom 30 in both social and economic rankings.Existing facilities: Details of on-going work in the public and private sector. Narure and magnitgdeof ifferventions and results obtained from such efforts.10.

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--) q'The line Departments such as Agriculture, Livestock, Forest, Health, Education, I-ocal Government,Works etc already exist. All these are represented down to district level and in some cases such asAgriculture, Livestock, Health and Lncal Government down to union council level. They have someinfrastructure which will help in the implementation of ADPB. In addition, there are developmentprojects both on-going and recently completed. These will also be integrated with the programme. Theirstrengttts and weaknesses will facilitatp planning and execution of ADPB's activities. The Programmewill endeavour to ensure the maximum possible coordination and effectiveness of activities by avoidanceof duplication and highlighting ofneeds.The significant on-going interventions are briefly discussed below:Social Action ProgrammeThe Social Action Programme (SAP) was initially launched n L992-93 for a period of three years whichwas later extended to five years (upto year 2000). It is an integrated multisectoral programme supportedby World Bank, involving primary edrcation, primary health, nutrition, family planning and rural watersupply and sanitation. The strategy of the Programme focuses on enhancing coverage level on improvingthe quality of services delivery through sustained increases in sectoral expenditures accompanied byspecific policy measures in each area of its coverage. Strategies ado'pted in each core area of SAP arediscussed below:Basic Education: SAP concentrates on primary education in terms of access and quality in generaland more so on girls edrcation specially in rural areas to remove gender and regional differences.Improvement in physical and teaching facilities is made by fostering participation befween public,private, NGOs and communities.Primary Health: It emphasizes consotdation and Improvement of Primary Health Care Services(PHCs). Complimentary utilization of PHC to deliver family planning facilities, community involvementand remedy for understanding and under-utilization of BHUs and RHCs. Efforu are made to reducegender staff imbalances, enhancing cross-sectoral linkage between family planning and health caredelivery and establishing a health management information system.Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (RWSS): In order to provide rural water suppty andsanitation (RWSS) facilities, the programme is inlended to adopt a policy framework of StrategicInveshent Plan. It envisages community-based approach for identification, planning and implementationof RWSS schemes and adoption of affordable and least-cost desigrr and appropriate technology, backedby willingrress of the people to pay for RWSS services.Population Welfare: The population welfare component of SAP is focussing on dissemination oflnformation, Education and Community (IEC) system, improved service delivery nefwork etc. Itconcentrates on enhancing and protecting more allocations for population welfare, improvingprogamming management and increasing participation of provinces in the sector, establishing propersupply and logistics for contraceptives, ensuring proper skill enhancement of staff, augmenting thenumber of female staff througlr the Prime Minister's village health workers and National Health WorkersProgramme and increasing NGOs and private seclor involvement.SAP has acted as a catalyst for improving the status of women. Critical reform in the education sertorsuch as efforts to increase the number of female teachers in primary schools combined with improvedfeedback mechanism on teacher performance and incentives to female teachers have subsuntiallyincreased female staff and enrollment rates. Because of women's involvement in rural water supply andsanitation, village water user associations are being encouraged to include female representatives.

The ADBP will closely collaborale with SAP activities for rmrtual benefit and for the benefit of the targetbeneficiaries.

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15--FOngoing ProgrammmThe Govemment of Balochistan, with UNDP as donor and FAO as Executing Agency, has been implementingfour projects dealing with range and watershed management, feed resources development and fruit production.These projects have been implemented using the participatory approach. A brief description of these projects isgiven below:

f X'eed Resources Development Project: The Project has been under implementation since 1992,in collaborlation with the Livestock and Dairy Development Department. Working in 9 pilot areas spreadover 7 districts of the Province, the Project has aimed at improvement of animal nutrition through theintroduction of improved feed and fodder technology. Nutrilig-nal unnagement strategies to minimise the -.impact of feed deficiencies in winter have been developed and successfully islrod.$s-e-S. Rural women haveUetn tralned in relevant livestock management practices and improving their skills for value added productionand for undertaking other income generating activities.rWatershed Planning and Management Project: Implemented since 1994, this central projectfor environmental rehabilitation, development and management of land and water resources, has aimed atpreparing management plans for watershed and carrying out participatory-based treatnent of most degradedwatersheds, including sand-drme stabilisation works. The Project is co'financed by the WFP and theGovernment of Italy. Th9_4ain activities have been plantations, nursery raising and construction of checkdams in the main streami and small earth dams for recharge of groundwater. The project has also helped inimp^rovilg the capacity of the Forest Department in watershed management, through staff ffainigt and studyYllit$'llntegrated Range-Livestock Development Project: It has been a co-ordinating project for therange-livestock programme with the objective to improve the management of Balochistan's grazing lands bypreparing an integrated rangeJivestock development plan and testing the effectiveness of various social andtechnical interventions. The Project has been operating since 1993 and has establi.slpd restricted glazing areasqpd_.community fuelwood lots and introduced feed resources and improved fodder varieties. The ForestDeparnnenr staff has been trained in rangeland management related technologies, through long-term andshort-term 1"l1swships. Women have also been trained in income-generating activitiei.rOutreach and Transfer of Fbuit Technolory in Balochistan Projectl This is the ttrirdphase of ongoing UNDP assistance for the development of deciduous fruit prodrction in Balochistan. Thefirst two phases, implemented between 1979 and 1989, have helped in expanding the research base throughintroduction of new gennplasm, identification of better adapted varieties and development of appropriateproduction, harvesting and post-harvest management practices. The third phase has aimed at desiping,testing and disseminating suitable orchad management and irrigation techniques to the farming communityand indrstry by means of an outreach programme, training and extension.

ln order to improve the effectiveness of these independent initiatives, an Integrated Work Plan was prepared andimplemented starting July 1996 in 8 common sites. ln each of these sites the on -going projects zuccessfullycarried out activities, with the participation of beneficiaries, in response to priority needs identified throughPRAs. Starting July 1997, the above projects were merged under the Preparatory Assistance Phase of the AreaDevelopment Programme and have continued their on-going f,reld activities. A component of Fruit & VegetableProduction with Minimal Use of Synthetic Chemicals (Fertilisers & Pesticides) has been added during the pAPhase which focussed, primarily, on the use of lntegrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques and biologicalinputs for zustainable fruit and vegetable production.

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fo Balochistan Trial District Management projectThe Govemment of Balochistan is committed to the economic development of the province and the objective of itseconomic policy is to achieve prosperity and progress of tlre people of Balochistan and to attain the highestpossible level of develcpment of the province ttrough optimum utilization of the resoluces available andenforcement of appropria@ policy measures, financial discipline and balanced inter-sectoral and inter-regionaldevelopment. Some of the principles of this policy are to have an efficient administrative set-up, to create aresponsive Govemment at all levels to ensure that the people of Balochistan can pursue the path of prosperity andprogress without obstacle, to adopt an integrated development sfiategy emphasizing on regional developmentprioritizing development activities in favour of under-developed regions, to involve community participation at thegrass roots level for the development of enterprise and income generating opportunities, to introduce a system ofuser charges with active participation of the community at all levels of the service delivery in a systematic nuurnerand to mobilize national and international resources for the achievement of rapid economic growth of theprovince.The Government of Balochistan has been working with the United Nations Development hogramme to assesshow this can be achieved through the design of a Trial District Management Project (TDMP). The districts of JhalMagsi and Loralai have been selected for the implementation of a pilot project in which new institutionalarrangements are proposed on a trial basis. The objective of the TDMP is to assess tlre types of institutionalreforms and other changes *tat mig[t be required for decentralizing the delivery of public sector services andmaking them more effective ttrougb employing participatory methods.Trial Disnict Management Project started in March, 1998. ADPB will closely collaborate wittr TDMP in LoralaiDistrict, specially in the area of institutional development.WT'P fusisted Projectsln addition to the above mentioned assistance 0o the "Watershed Planning and Management Project", the WorldFood Programme (WFP) is supporting two more projects. These projects are helping the most vulnerable targetgroups by using quite original approaches for tackling the problems.

The "Assistance to Primary Health Care" Project promote$ attendancs of poor and expectant mothers athealth centers, and also promotes the use of specific primary health care services within theGovernment's Social Action Programme (SAP). Each beneficiary receives up to four tins of oil (4 - 5 kgeach) during the course ofpregnancy/delivery andpostnatal care period. At each stage, in addition to oiltins, the mothers receive relevant health edrcation messages on breast feeding, immunization, childhealth and nutrition, and family planning advice.The "Promotion of Primary Education for Girls in Rural Areas" Project aims at increasing enrollment,improving attendance and reducing dropout rate at selected government girls primary schools in ruralareas, and reducing absenleeism offemale primary school teachers for such schools, A pre-packed tin of5 kg oil is given to the parents of each girl attending classes for at least 20 days in a month. In some far-flung areas, in lieu of oil, food stamps are being distributed. Some incentives are envisaged also for theteachers.

World Bank Assisted hojectsIn addition to SAP, World Bank is supporting ttre following two projects;(l) The Balochistan Community Irrigation and Agriculture hoject (BCIAP) firnded by World Bank, is

a follow-on project to the Balochistan Minor Irrigation and Agricultrre Development hoject (BMIADP)which has developed 42 minor perennial inigation schemes in Balochistan from 1982 to 1995. BCIAPaims to increase fanners' income from irrigated agriculture. Through its participatory approach BCIAPis contributing towards human development by providing training to farmers in organization,management and technical skills and integrating women in the development process.L4

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tB*-t(Z) The lVorld Bank funded himary Education Development hoJect focuses on improving the qualityof and access to primary education for children throughout the Province. The project has reportedlyprepared ttre best school database in the counfiy. All schools and all settlements wittr Union Councils of

the hovince have been mapped and the database established. In addition to this, Community Support forPrimary Education (an NGO) established Parent Teacher School Management Committpes (PTSMC) forproper trnctioning of the schools.

0ther Donor Assisted Projects(1) Balochisran Integrated Area Development hoject (BIAD) started in 1983 initially with the financial

support from I"JNICEF and subsequently major support from the European Union. The main objective ofthe project was to improve condition of the rural poor especially wittr respect to rural water supply andsanitation through participation of the beneficiary. In practice, however, the main investnent went intowater supply schemes. The project continued for 15 years and consffucted 52 waler supply schemes and2450 laterines in 4 districts of the province namely l,asbella, Pishin, Kachhi and Killa Saifullah. Out of52 watpr supply schemes, 28 are operational. The project was conceptually good, but suffered mainiydue to poor implementation which led to the withdrawal of zupport from donors. Lack of technical staff,sophisticated desigr of watr supply schemes, lack of monitoring mechanism, unionism, pooradministrative and furancial rnanagement were among the main causes for the closure of ttre project.

(Z) The [JK, Department for International Development @FTD), KFW (Germany) and lVorld Bankare funding the Family Health Projeot-Z for the strengfhening of tire Healttr Deparunent by establishing aProvincial Health Development Centre and Divisional Health Development Centres. DFID is providingtechnical support through the British Council and district level planning has been introduced with theobjective to reduce inequalities.(3) International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources OUCI{), is working forGovernment of Balochistan assisted by Netherlands' Government. IUCN is preparing BalochisanConservation Shategy to address the environmental and sustainable development issues in consultationwith all the stakeholders: the state agencies, local government institutions, the private sector, NGOs,media, educational and research institutions and the communities.(4) The Balochistan Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Prograrnme is a vital component of localGovernment and Rural Development Deparunent frrnded by Netherlands's Govemment and UNICEFand working all over Balochistan except Musa Khel District. The project has instafled 4,800 affradivehand pumps and has constructed 28,000 lanines all over Balochistan through community participationand has imparted health education,Non-Government Organizations

(1) The Balochistan Rural Support Programme (BRSP) being one of the largest NGOs, assisted by theGTZ and the Government of Balochistan has as its objectives to improve the living conditions and qualityof life of rural people through institutional development, gmss root organizations, human resout.Ldevelopment, credit and saving programme, markering, health, education, physical infrastructureschemes, and prevention of marginalisation of women through appropriate and socially compatibleintegration in the mainstream of development. BRSP was working in 12 districts of Balochistan tharincluded Barklnn, Musattel, Killasaifullah, Pishin, Quetta, Mastung, Kalat, Naseerabad, Jaffarabad,Bolan, Jhal Magsi, and t asbella. At present it is dormant.The BRSP started in April 1991 and upto November 1996 had established 530 village organizations forparticipatory development. The first two phases performed well, Thereafter, it ran into irouble mainlydue to managerial and financial mismanagement. The main donor GTZlBMZhad, strong reservationsabout some of the decisions, especially decision about the purchase of the office premises, taken by the

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r. fnational management which they thought were not in conformity with ttre agreement betrneen the donorsand the Govemment of Pakistan and withdraw their support. The situation further deteriorated due tointemal administrative problems leading to severe action against some of the senior staff members. Thesituation ran out of control. The Government had to intervene and remove top management, andundertake drastic lay-off of staff apafi fiom institution of disciplinary/criminal casei. This uttimatety leOto suspension of development activities.

(2) The Trust for Voluntary Organizations GVO) established its office in Balochistan drring 1995-96.The primary objectives of TVO are to support participatory community development projects in socialand economic sectors, capacity building of NGOs/CBOs and establistring a resource cente to collectmaterial on development issues so that it could be further disseminated for use to other organizations.TVO at present has undertaken small infrastructural development schemes such as construction ofculverts, rehabilitation of karezes etc., in Mekran & Khuzdar Divisions.The Area Development hogramme Balochistan (ADPB) is one of the major interventions planned under ttreUNDP's theme of sustainable livelihoods, with the resource-poor rural people of the Province as its targetbeneficiaries. The ADPB is planned to be a model of community based poverty alleviation and is aimed atexpanding people's choices and oppornmities for a secure and sustainable livelihood.The Programme approach, used in formulating ADPB, replaces the stand-alone projects mode of developmentsupport and covers a broader spectfum of integrated and atea specific activities. trarning from the pastexpe.riences, this approach tries to overcome the problems which stood in the way of creating the desired irnpacton the livelihoods of the target beneficiaries. It is based on analysis of an area's human needs and priorities and itsphysical resource base and focuses on people's participation as the main tool to identify problems and seeksolutions to increase production and prodrctivity on a sustainable basis. The consequences of this approach aresigtificant for all those involved in the process, particularly, in terms of Government's own policy on futuredevelopment, desigr of the programme, the funding mechanism, the administrative and financial managementstruch[e, inter-deparfinental and non-governmental coordination during implementation, and monitoring andevaluation.Under the Preparatory Assistance (PA) phase, July 1997 - June 1998, a team of experts covering key areas ofsocio economics; natural resource base, agricultural production, women in development, rural infra-strucnue,renewable energy, income-generation & institutional development was engaged. The Government of Balochistan(GOB) designated the disnicts of Kalat, I(huzdar, loralai, Mastung, Musa Khel, Pishin, Killa Saifullah andQuetta, for examination in the initial phase. A Comprehensive Area Review (CAR) of the Province and, inparticular, of the designated disnicts, has been carried out based on the technique of Participatory Rural AFpraisal(PRA), discussions with the concerned staff in the line departrnents and information accruing from the relevantpublished documents. The PRA has been conducted in the designated districts, except lnralai, in a sample of 15-16 randomly selected villages in each district, by suitably fiained Group Promoters with technical backstoppingfrom experts on the ADPB team. A participatory evaluation has been conducted in 10 villages in Loralai wheretlre integrated projects flmded by UNDP/FAO have been implemenkd. This Review assesses the current socio-economic situation of the area, identifies the needs as presented by ttre community and evaluated by theprograrnme experts, and lists possible development interventions in response to the expressed needs. During thisexercise, the on-going efforts and their possible integration/collaboration with ADPB have been duly considered.

Description and Justification of the Programme:Existing SituationUnder the one year, heparatory Assistance Phase which started in July 1997, a Comprehensive AreaReview (CAnl document has been prepared. The document reveals that tlre natural and hrman resourcesituation in Balochistan can be categorized as exfeme and disadvantaged. The physical conditions areharsh with rugged topography, extreme variations in elevation from sea level to 3,520 metres and intemperatures from -tSC or less to 40C or more. The climate is arid to hyper-arid over much of the342,000 sq,kn. area of the hovince, average arurual precipitation between 50 and 4O0 mm., with a

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geneml lack of water resources to utilize for agriculture, industry or even domestic purposes. Theseharsh conditions for humans or livestock place great slrain on the fragile and scarce resources of waterand vegetation. Large areas have lost their vegetation cover through over gnzing by ttrc 20 millionlivestock and the fuel wood demands of some 7 million or more people, more than 80% of whom live inrural areas. There is now only an estimated 3% of the Province covered by forest, whereasapproximately 10% is desert. The water table is falling in some river basins by as much as 2 - 6 metresper year. Dried up wells and karezes give clear evidence of extraction being far greater tbanreplenishme,nt from the meager precipitation.Mineral resouroes are varied and quite widespread, but there is a lack of accurate information onquantities and quality to encourage greater exploitation. currently natural gas and coal are exploited on alarge scale for national consumption, mainly for domestic purposes and power generation. Coal is usedextensively for brick kiks. Some marble and chromite deposits are exploited commercially in a smallway. The potential of the copper deposits, previously little exploited, has been enhanced by the discoveryof gold, silver and molybdenum in them.The human population trying to exist in this situation is generally poor, many only managing azubsistence livelihood. Those with suffrcient financial resources are generally over exploiting the naturalresources, to the overall detriment of the wider community.As already mentioned above, in a National Socio-economic ranking of the Districts of Pakistan(1990/91), only one (Quetta) from Balochistan came in the first 60 in social indicators and three (Quetta,Sibi, Ziara| in economic indicators. A1l the rest of the Disnicts came in the bottom 30 in bottr rankings.A rapidly increasing human QVo per annum) and animal population is putting ever-greatr pressrues onttre fragile and scarce natural resources. In these circumstances, it is exfremely difficult to make anyprogress towards improved livelihoods without sipificant involvement of the community in developmentactivities.Agricultural production contributed 52Vo of the Provinces's GDP, n 199415 out of which the livestockindustry, tladitionally the mainstay of the rural economy, contributed 40% and the rapidly expandingfruit crops sector 30%. Agriculture employs ap'proximately 65Vo of the worldorce in the hovince.Livestock production is constrained by the scarcity of feed resources due to depleted rangelands,inadequate health cover and the inherently low productivity of the animals. Due to ecological constraints,the cultivated area is limited to only 4.87o of the land surface and only half of that is irrigated. However,an additional 13.5% could be made available, being cultivable wasteland, for dryland farming orirrigation where water can be made available. The rapid growth in deciduous fruit and vegetableproduction has been achieved by exploitation of ground water with deep tube wells. The technology usedin crop prodrction and handling by most farmers, except a few progtessive orchard owners, is stillmostly traditiornl, resulting in low productivity and significant post-harvest losses.Other economic activity is very limitd, with small industries and mineral working (mainly coal)providing the main contributions to the Provincial GDP after agriculture. A small but sigrificantcontribution to the GDP is made by fisheries, in which more than 20,000 were employed full-time and afurther 10,000 were part{ime (1990). The indusnial sector provided some 14,500 jobs, but most of themare in one location in the extreme souttr, Hub near Karachi. The mining sector employs just over 5,000.There is a general lack of investment capital in the Province, poor credit facilities for small business anda lack of technical and numagement training opportunities.The existing physical infrastructure is very poorly developed and contributes to the paucity of economicactivity mentioned above. This is aggravated by highly inaccessible terrain. Many parts of the hovinceare without adequate energy supplies. The institutional organization within &e Province is poorly placedto serve the needs of the population, especially those in the more remote rural areas.Availability of accurate and reliable data is essential for effective planning. Unfonura*tely in Balochistanrequired data in general and geographic data in particular is not only scanty but its reliability is alsodoubted. This greatly obstructs the planning process.tt


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C/Deyelopment Potential/Strate gvThe prime need for Balochistan is o develop a vibrant and viable economy complemented by humanresource development of both men and women, Economic activity is needed in the Province to generateemployment, production and finance in order to improve the quality of life of the people. This is the onlyway to ensure that the alleviation of poverty will be sustainable, that the rnajority of the population canrise above subsistence level and that the human development indicators reach an acceptable level in theProvince.The Province nepds to build on its main assets to atfiact invesment and meet its development needs.These could be sumrnarized as:' its location on the border with lran and Afgbanistan, in proximity to the Gutf states;. its considerable mineral resources, including coal & gas;o its vast livestock resources;. its fertile land, presently unutilized for lack of waler;o its climatic conditions which create an ideal environment for fruit and seed prodrction;o its 770 km. coast line;o its resourcefirl population, both male and female.The exploit"ation of tlese assets, for the benefit of the people of Balochistan, will require the investmentof considerable private and public firnds. The national framework of roads, if expanded as proposed withthe motorway and coast road, will need a basic framework of provinciat link roads connecting the mainurban centres, if it is to benefit Balochistan. All-weather accss, to and from each of the Districts, isessential if local, farm-to-market roads are to be effective in helping to raise economic activity and livingstandards. Priority needs to be given 0o areas of greatest potential for economic growth.However, the greatest perceived need by the peo'ple is for water, which is not one of the prime assets ofBalochistan. It is the single most important factor that will determine what and where economic activitycan take place. The largest quantities of water are needed for agricultural purposes that can be veryprofitable if account is not taken of the real cost of the water. There is little demand for water forindustrial purposes, but that could increase with more economic activity. The critical shorlage of goodquality water is in sewing domestic needs, which is the first to zuffer when the watpr table falls orpollution increases and which has ttre greatest impact on ordinary people. The efforts at improving theamount of water going into the ground cannot compete with the rate of extraction currently going on insome areas. The need for control of extraction is evident.Railways and air transpolt, the other means of access significant for economic activity, exist in theProvince, but need improvement in operating efficiency and effectiveness. These improvements, liketelecornrnunications, need to accompany economic development activity, whereas availability of water, abasic road networks and energy supply are prerequisites.The existing energy needs of Balochistan are not met at present, as indicated by the regular power cutsand "breakdowns" in those areas favoured with a supply and the dwindling fuel wood/plant resources inthe less favoured rural areas. The need to supplement conventional energy sources withsustainable/renewable energy sources is particularly clear in Balochistan for practical as well asenvironmental reasons.The human resourses of the hovince can only rcahz,e their full potential if grven adequate oppornrnitiesfor education, training and good health. Meeting these needs will be difficult and expensive in view ofthe relative isolation of many rural people and the existing lack of facilities and services. The Federaland Provincial Governments already see education as a priority and the Social Action Programme (SAP)has ambitious targets for health, education and water zupply improvement, nationwide. For the SAP tobe effective, in a province so exceptional as Balochistan, it will require special effiorts to tailor theprogramme to the needs of the people. It will also need to adopt "low-cost" solutions with the activeparticipation ofthe villagers 1 R


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! , 2>,The need for development of sustainable tivelihoods will require many initiatives and actions that are notphysical. Thus the Appg prognmme is likely to be as concerned with interventions in management'h"i"i"g and awareness as with the provision of physical infrastructure. Careful asse$sment of people'sreat niOs will be required, using effective participatory appraisal methotls in each and every village ofthe selected area. Simpty asking them what tlrey want will produce only requests for more and morephysical inftastructure. What they need and can sustain, can often be provided by education, training andiecbnical assistance. Physical infrastructure to promote economic activity will, of course, still berequired.The ADPB will concentrate on a number of areas, covering different agto-ecological zones and socialsetup, however, all of them being characterized by poverty with focus on sustainable humandevelo'pment addressing the needs of low-income and resource-poor people. The significant interventionsare briefly diseussed below:Social MobilizationThe starting activity will be mobilizing the community, assisting the fonnation of interest groups andvillage organizations, assisting them in identifying their problems and constraints, and then helping themto prioritize their needs and to find sustainable solutions they can afford. This "community development"process will be tlre foundation for all other activities.Institutional DevelopmentInstitutional Development implies tlre formation of grass roots organizations through which collectiveneeds and problems could be identified and addressed. Past experiences reveal that development is aprocess of social, economic and political uplift which can't be achieved until people are sociallymobilized and facilitated towards their active participation. The programme therefore aims to encoumgeformation of effective community groups, both male and female, and to facilitate their involvement in theoverall development process in order to improve cost effectiveness and ensure sustainability ofdevelopment efforts. The Programme will also draw support from the TDMP in this area.Agricultural Production and MarketingThe population in the Programme area subsists primarily on agriculture including crops and livestockproduction. The productivity of most field and horticultural crops is much below the demonstratedpotential for various crops.The programme will focus on vertical, as well as, horizontal increase in production through developmentof culturable wastelands and improving per hectare yields by disseminating improved productiontechnology and facilitating its adoption. The growth in producfivity and total production will increasefarmers income and contribute towards alleviating poverty.Due !o resource constraint and several other reasons the extension services in the area have not been ableto effectively introduce improved crop prodrction technologies. The programme will help in removingthese constraints by providing resources for on-farm demonstration, fanner training, village level seedmultiplication, improving professional competence of the extension staff and supporting some of theneeded backup research.The post-harvest practices and marketing systems especially for high value perishable crops will beimproved to redrce post-harvest losses and improve farmers' rehlrn for their produce.The Programme will continue demonsftations of fruits and vegetable production with minimal use ofsynthetic chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) under sub-contract (CABI Bio-Science Centre pakistan).The activities already initiated in selected areas in Quetta, Mastung and Pistrin districts will be extended19


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tto the remaining five districts namely Kalat, Khuzdar, Killa Saifrrllah, Ioralai and Musa Khel covered bythe hogramme. Indiscriminate use of chemicals specially pesticides not only raises cost of productionbut also is a direct cause of environmental degradation & health hrurard,, and Utoctcs prodrrce entry intothe intemational market_Range and Livestock DevelopmentRangelands are a sipificant natural resource in Balochistan. More than 93% of the area of Balochistanprovince is rangelands, which is currently supporting about 22 million livestock heads (mostly smallruminants), in addition to a natural guard against soil erosion, and a source of environmental protection.Because of institutional neglect, and low priority with the community, the rangelands are producingabout l0 n 5A% below their potential. Programme, in line with the general Government developmentstrategy, emphasizgs upon the scjentific management of the rangelands an{_ dgyelop-meqt of feed andfodder to fr.-efiGil}nestock during iofrgaseareity perioil: niE nogramme also-ainu at impartingenvironmental education to the communities for the conservation and management of all land resourcesincluding rangelan&f- *-The involvement of communities, and its close co-ordination with the natuml resource managementsectors would be the main thrust. Range improvement through grazing management i.e. herding throughcommunity gazmg monitors and application of the tested technical interventions and development offeed and forage alternatives will be applied on wider scale to support both ttre natural resource and thelivestock industry in Balochistan.Adequate health coverage, improvement in breeds, feed supplementation and fattening programmes willfurther support the future development of livestock industry in Balochistan. Livestock marketingproblems will also be addressed for improving livestock farmers' income.Water Resource ConservationDue to highly arid conditions, Balochistaa is a water deficit province of Pakistan. The climak *U;are both suited to agriculture and horticulhrre. The existing available water resources of the Province areextremely limited and do not support agriculture activity to its fullest potential. The use of the existingwater resources is highly injudicious due to inefficient imigation practices. l,ack of potable drinkingwater, floods and declining water tables in many parts of the province are some of the other problemsrelated with water resources.The degradation and denudation of watershed areas has considerably redrced the natural recharge rate ofground water. The problem has been compourded in the districts of Quetta, Pishin, Qila Saifullah, andMashrng where the development of tubewells for growing orchards has resulted in gloundwater miningproblems causing many active and flowing Karezes to dry up or reduce in their flow rates. Theinefficient method of flood irrigation is resulting in huge water losses which could be beneficiallyutilized. The use of high efficiency irrigation systems in this high yielding fruit growing area needs to beinftoduced for demonsradon purposes with a training component for both villagers and technical personsof the line departnents. Construction of flood protection bunds, diversion dams, earth dams, plantationsand rehabilitation of karezes may reduce the intensity of impending water crisis. Plantations will alsoimprove environment. Support from WFP will be available as a grant in the form of food stamps tocover 50% wages of participating beneficiaries' labow.Balochistan is deficient in food, and therefore annually imports about 700,000 tonnes wheat from otherprovinces to meet its food requirements. Problem is further compounded by restricted access to food dueto low incomes and inefhcient marketing system. Though its climate is ideally suited to the production ofdeciduous fruits and vegetables, depleting underground water resources pose a serious threat to asustainable irrigated agriculture. WFP and Italian Government support in the past in watershednnnagement has sigrificantly contribukd toward lessening the adverse affect of impending water crisisand will be continued under ADPB. The other donors will also be encouraged to join the Programme.

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1"J Ua?Rural InfrastructurePoor, and in many cases non-existent, all weather roads are a major constraint in Balochistan. Thedevelopment of rural access roads and link roads justify accessibility and mobility of otherwise alienatedrural masses to basic health, prirnary education, market to sell their produce and facilitate cost effectivetimely extension services in agriculture or lives0ock. Being the backbone zupportive economic activitiesin rural Balochistan, at least shingle roads with necessary culverts / causeways will stimulate socio-economic activity lsa.ling to commercialisation of agriculture, the rnain source of subsistence living, thusleading to enhanced rural incomes and improved access to food. The Programme aims to constructshingle roads with support from the World Food Programme as a grant in the form of food/food stampsto cover 50% wages of participating beneficiaries' labour. Other donors like World Bank, AsianDevelopment Bank, JICA and Italian Government etc. will be encouraged to supplement Programme'sefforts.A project namely "Community Based Rural Access Roads Project (CBRARP)" is in the offing. Tentativefinancial size of the project is US$ 50 million likely to be financed through IDA loan US$ 30 million,Government contribution US$ 5.0 million and Co-financing (unidentified) US$ 15.0 million.The key objectives of the project would be to (a) promote rural development and reduce rural poverty byproviding all-weather access to areas having good economic growth potential; (b) facilitate the transportof agriculture inputs and prodrction in rural areas; (c) improve access to health and educational facilitiesfor village communities; (d) promote overall community participation and self-help in order to ensurecontinued development in other areas and the sustainability of the economic benefits arising from thefacilities created; and (e) reduce transport costs generally in the hovince, The project will consist of 30 -40 zub-projects (rural access schemes) spread over about 12 of the Province's 26 disticts. Each schemewould help open up inaccessible areas of economic potential to the provincial road network; apanehation road providing better acce$s to a group of villages by connecting them to the existingprovincial network. Typically for illustrative purposes, a connector road of about 20 km length wouldconnect a cluster of 15 - 20 villages to the existing provincial network. Each village in the cluster isconnected to the connector road through a village link road ofabout I lan.The CBRARP is to be preceded by preparatory studies, to be financed out of a Japan Policy and HumanResources Development (PHRD) Fund amounting o US$ 974,m, channelized tbrough the WorldBank. The preparatory studies envisage (a) feasibility studies on community participation, ownership andprioritization of the rural areas schemes; (b) preliminary engineering and economic feasibility of sub-projects; (c) detailed engineering preparation of bid documents and assistance in building and evaluationof contracts for the first year works; (d) workshops, seminars and other project preparation activities ...review of studies, support staff for preparation unit, and (e) provincial roads study. These preparatorystudies are likely to be entrusted to Area Development Programme Balochistan.Sustainable EnerryUse of sustainable energy from biomass, sun and wind will be encouraged keeping in view acuteshortage of fuel wood in the province and remoteness of some areas from the central grid. Efforts will bemade to test out and develop systems that are aprpropriate for poor unsophisticated rural people.Accordingly the Programme will introduce solar electrification units, solar cookers and solar waterheaters.Micro Enterprise DevelopmentSmall-scale enterprise can contribute sigrificantly to the social and economic development objectivessuch as labour absorption, income distribution, rural development, poverty alleviation and regionalbalance. In recnt yeaxs concern about poverty and inequality in the developing countries has drawnattention to the need for increased absorption of rural population in efficient farm and non-farm sectors,41


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f)'ta process which could be a vehicle of transformation of traditional small/rural enterprises into lucrativeenterprises.The Development of small enterprise is desirable because it creates employment on a small investmentbase and utilizes capital and human resouroes that may otherwise be idle. Besides employment creation,income generation of the people is also increased. Having low overheads, small enterprises are quick inresponding to changes in market conditions and are therefore less vulnerable to external economicfluctuations. Small enterprises act as channels tbrough which technology can be transferred o ruralareas. Some specialized goods are more efficiently produced by small enterprises as they have smalleroverheads like women's fashion apparel and personal accessories such as wallets and bags.The Programme will encourage micro enterprises, both for males and females, and will conducttrainings, develop project profiles, facilitate access to potential markets etc. A revolving fund will alsobe established to extend micro credit (and create matching savings/equity) to the existing businesses andhelp establish potentially viable new enterprisesGender and DevelopmentThe present Government atiaches high importance to the improvement in status and living standards ofwomen. Committed to an agenda of social change, human resource development and empowerment ofwomen, the Government urgently set about to address issues influencing women status. AccordinglyGovernment has taken a number of initiatives in this regard such as formation of the commission ofenqurry for women (October 1994) comprising of senior judges and eminent lawyers and scholars toreview all the existing laws which are discriminatory to women or affect their rights as equal citizens,The Social Action Programme (SAP) has been designed to focus on women's problems and raise theirstatus with emphasis on human resource development in general and women in particular. Thisprogramme has the strong support from the international donor community.Other steps taken by the Governrnent which not only empower women but also alleviate the social andeconomic oppression against women include women judges in high courts, women police sations andpolice force and reservation of 5 per cent quota in public and privaie sector.The ADPB aims to encourage women's participation in development as active partners primarily throughsmall enterprise development and facilitate their access to social services. Women will get preferentialtreatment in micro enterprise development supported by the Programme ttrough micro credit. Village orhousehold scale micro enterprise such as poultry production, product making, tailoring, embroidery etc.will provide additional income to rural women. Poultry at present appears to be the most conrmon microenterprise for which income goes to women. This will ultimately be spent on better child care, health andedrcation.Social ServicesAs explained earlier, Govemment has larurched an ambitious Social Action Prograrnme (SAP). The SAPwas initially started for 3 years n 1992 and now has been extended to 5 years (upto 2000). Its core areasinclude basic education, primary health, rural water supply and sanitation and population welfare. TheSAP activities will be integrated into ADPB in the interest of the target beneficiaries. Moreover, the linedepartments dealing with social infrastructure facilities such as basic health, education, domestic watersupply, water for livestock, sanitation, population planning, child care, nutrition. etc., will be brought incontact wi*r ttre communities, to address their needs in these areas with their active participation.Geographic Infonnation System (GIS)The Programme will further develop the Geographic lnformation System (GIS) activities, which shouldresult in a facility that would be later used by all interested institutions for the benefit of all thoseengaged in the development of tlre Province. District level information systems will also be started./'/


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rf

Flrnction/ActivityCommunity Development

Agricultural Production & Marketingincluding fruit orchard management and post-harvesthandlingWatershed and Range Management

Water Resources Development

Line DepartmentSocial Welfare Department+ Local Government DeparmentAgriculture Department

Forest Department+ Livestock DepartmentInigation DeparEnent* Forest Department* Agriculture Deparfnent* Balochistan Development Authority

Feed Resources & Livestock Production Extension Livestock DepartmentFarm to Market Roads l,ocal Government+ Works DepartmentAppropriate Technology (Energy) Planning & Development Departrnent

* Balochistan Development Authority* Pakistan Centre for Appropriate TechnologyIncome Generation Planning & Development Department+ Industries Departrnent(Small Industries)* Balochistan Development Auttrorityt Tourism, Culture & Sports Departrnent* l,abour Department

The respective Departments would nominate, where appropriate, Project Directors (PDs) or Focal Points whowould manage and coordinate implementation of the relevant Programme's components at the line departmentslevel, however, coordination of the overall implementation (at the programme level) would rest with the NationalProgramme Director in P&D Department.Effective corordination with otlpr programmes like Social Action Programme, UNICEF, WFP assistEd PrimaryHealth & Edrcation, Balochistan Conservation Strategy (BCS) etc will be ensured through frequent meetingsconvened at appropriate levels.As already mentioned at 10 above, the ADPB is one of the major interventions planned under LINDP's theme ofsustainable livelihood. It is planned to be a model of community based poverty alleviation and is aimed atexpanding people's choices and opportunities to create source and sustainable livelihoods.The programme approach to be used for the ADPB will reduce the need for free standing project interventionsand enhance the integration of activities, This new approach will combine the merits of past and on-going effortsinto a comprehensive programme. It will endeavor to leam from the weaknesses of past efforts and try to

c\rr':'.j6-In summary, the rural people in the Progranrme areas will be assisted to improve their own livingconditions and to increase their incomes. The communities will improve their social 5talding and buildconfidence in ttreir ability to self-determination. The need to sustain the environment of the area and theirnatural resources will be better understood.The Programme as elaborated above will comprise of a number of line functions (components), witttsuitable line departments to undertake them as indicated below:

ZJ


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overcome the problems which still stand in the way of creating sustainable livelihood. It will require effectiveparticipation of all "stakeholders" and integration of all activities.Arrangements for implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the Programe.The proposed operational management system will be headed by a Joint Steering Committee (JSC),chaired by the Additional Chief Secretary (P&DD) wittr the National Programme Director (NPD) andSecretaries, Directors General and Project Directors from the relevant GOB line departuents, theProgramme Adviser and representatives from UNDP, WFP and Planning Commission (Dy. Chief, RDSection), as members. The Prograrnme Manager will be secretary to the Steering Committee. Additionalmembers from non-govenrmental and commercial organisations rnay be appointed at the discretion of theChairman. In order to ensure effective integration, it is proposed that the Steering Committee is a Jointone, also responsible for the on-going Trial Districts Management Project (TDMP) finded by UNDP.Both ADPB & TDMP have the same National Programme Director.The Joint Steering Committee will meet three or four times a year to provide policy guidance, ensurecoordination and review progress. The NPD and the Program Management Committee will have powersdelegated by the JSC to approve any project proposals arising from the community participation processwhich are consistent wittr the objectives of the Programme and within the budget available. Anyproposals that extend outside these limits will be submitted to the JSC for approval. The JSC will alsoendorse the Work Plan for the following period.The P&DD will manage this inter-departmental programme, through a hogramme ManagementCommittee (PMC) comprised of all the project directors identified in the relevant/participating linedepartments, Programme Adviser and Programme Manager. The PMC will be chaired by the NPD andthe PM will act as its secretary. It will monitor progress and review project proposals arising from theparticipatory process with ttre community. The PMC will periodically review the work plan for theProgramme and present it annually to the Joint Steering Committee for formal approval. It will ensurethe regular flow of countrpart funds and authorise their distribution to implementing agencies and co-ordinate their activities. This latter role may be delegated to the Divisional or District level whereappropriate, depending on the nature and scale of tlre activity. The Government of Balochistan will fundall the posts in the PMU and counterpart slaff in the line depaftrnents, as a part of their contributiontowards the ADPB.A Working Group, meeting every two months wittr the NPD in the chair, will be set up for regular co-ordination of the ADPB, TDMP and other UN funded projects, like that of UNICEF (water andsanitation) or WHO (Basic Needs), and the IUCN project !o prepare a Conservation Strategy forBalochisan. Professional co-operation by specialists in he Prograrnme will be on a daily basis with manyagencies and organisations.The organisation of the ADPB as a Nationally Executed Programme is illustrated in Chart A showing lherelationship between the UNDP technical assistance staff and the Government departrnents. Each linedepartment involved in the Programme implementation will have a senior officer designated as ProjectDirector (PD) or Coordinator, for their respective component in the Programme. The PD will be thefocal point for co-ordinating implementation of the relevant Programme activities within the department.As a member of the PMC, the PD will have a role in the management of the Programme. In co-operation with the Prograrrme's tecbnical assistance staff, the PD will develop the annual workplanbased on the emerging results from the community participation, submit it to the PMC and thensupervise its implementation by departmental field staff working closely with the communities. Initially,a iew departments will be working with the Programme, then as the Programme evolves, it is expectedthat moie agencies will be involved. This will also be true of non-governmental organisations andcommercial concems as well as other UN agencies and donor funded projects.Co,ordination between line departments involved in the implementation of the ADPB and with otherdevelopment projects and programmes in the kovince, wittr the aim of maximizing their effectiveness,will bi critical ior tlre o"eratt success of the ADPB. Co.ordination among line departments

will be24


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13.

2Eensured through t1e functioning of ttre JSC and PMC, as indicated above' Once the hogramme isoperational, itls proposed to "rtuUti.it a forum for interaction between donor funded projects. This couldbe initiated with concerned UN agencies, then extended to other donors. It could bring forward issuesaud recommendations for consideration of the Joint Steering Committee. It could be a place for exchangeof information for the GIS database. A working group of agencies with active data-base systems is in theprocess of formation to ensure mutual assistance and avoidance of duplication of effort. This could

be thebasis of a special sub-committee on information exchange.The Financial Management arrangements will centre on the PMC. Funds, based on the work planestimates, will be piovided each quarter from UNDP to the Executing Agency, P & DD, on theauthorization of the NPD, or the PM wilh delegated authority, who will keep the accounts. The fimdsfrom the LINDP and counterpart funds from GOB will be kept in separate accounts' The NPD willallocate funds to individual line agencies, on a project basis, once proposals arising from theparticipatory process have been approved by the PMC. This allocation may be on a quarterly basis or thewtrole sum, depending on the scale of activity. Appropriate financial powers will be delegated to therelevant line deparunents and rules/regulations for operating this systm will be approved by the JSC.Replenishment of the UNDP firnds will be made on submission by the PM of a request for directpayment, with invoices, payment vouchers and other supporting docume'nts. The administration of WFPfunds will follow similar principles wittr details agreed at ttre JSC. The budget lines tbat are theresponsibility of UNOPS and the salaries of UN paid staff strould be the accounting responsibility of theProgramme Adviser (UNDP). S/he should also be responsible for the operation and maintenance of theUN vehicles attached to the Programme.In addition, during the Programme's implementation an M&E system will be designed and implementedin close cooperation with the comnlrnities concerned.Give date when capital expenditure etimates were prepared: If prepared morethan one year ago confinn if they are still valid.March 1998

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14. Summalv of Programme Costs Covering the whole of the investment periodRs. In Million

IItI

Items l,ocal EFC Total Percent ofProgrammeCost

a. Government ShareAdmin. /Counterpart SupportPay & Allowances 2.205 2,205 0.2Operation & maintenance 56.780 s6.780 6.3

Development ActivitiesRange Development, Fodder & Biodiversity 7.878 7.878 0.9Watershed Management. 103.051 r03.051 11.3Inigation & Water Resource Development. 2r.983 2r.983 2.4Renewable Energy Technology 6.000 6.000 Q,7Horticulture 26.838 26.838 2.9Livestock Development 25.240 25.244 2,8Rural Infrastructure 60.000 60.000 6.6

Sub-total (a) 309.n5 3W.v5 34.1b. Beneficiary Contribution(for development works only)

Range and Biodiversity 2.905 2.9{J5 / i0.3Watershed Management 25.gffi 25.900 , 2.9Water Resources 50.073 5A.073 5.5Renewable EnergyTechnology

1.850 1.850 0.2

Horticulture 4.916 4.916 0.6Livestock Development 24.m 24.m / (2.7 iAgriculhrre Production 3.040 3.040 0.3Rural Infrastructure t75Q 17jN 1.9

Sub-total(b) 130.6?4 130.624 14.4c. UNDP (Grant)- Consultants 5s.208 8.6& 63.872 7.0

Community DevelopmentSupervisers

8,010 8.010 0.9

- Social Mobilisers t3.t63 13.163 t.4zo


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t- GIS Adviser & Assts. 1.786 1.786 0.2

Admin. Support t6.2W 16.200 1.8Duty Travel 12.244 12,il 1.4Mission Cost 3.375 3.375 0.4- Training n 338 1.350 28.688 3.2Procurements(Machinery, equipment, seed & plantingmaterials, solar appliances)

36.560 11.030 47.080 5.2

Sub-contracts(pest/nutrient management + GIS +Premises

t2.150 12.1s0 1.3

Operation & Maintenance 18.355 18.355 2.4- Others 2,037 2.O37 0.2Sub-total (c) 209.osr u.4t9 tn.470 25.4

d. World Food Programme (Grant)Irrigation & Water Resources (Rehabilitation of karezes,construction of diversion dams and floodprotectionbunds, lining of conveyance channels and improvement ofsurface irrigation practices)

49.U3 49.823 5.5

Horticulture: post-harvest managemnt and marketing(nurseries, demo. plots, cardboardboxes & ventilatedcool store technology)2.62s 2.625 0.3

Livestock development (water points) 2.800 2.8ffi '0.3/Rural Infrastnrcture (construction of 150 km fa::n tomarket shingle road) 25.2W 25.2N 2.8Walershed Managemen

1 area dev project balochistan page(1-137)

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