1 architectural coating - patchampatchamltd.com/.../uploads/2015/02/architectural-coating.pdfmodern...
TRANSCRIPT
ARCHITECTURALCOATINGS
A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TO
MODERN COATING TECHNOLOGY
A Sustainable Approach to Modern Coating Technology
Patcham FZC is a well-established manufacturer of specialty additives headquartered in the United Arab Emirates. Since its inception, Patcham has steadily grown into a leading supplier of specialty additives for the Paint & Coatings, Ink, PVC and Composite industries.
The company’s Pat-Add range of coating additives includes wetting & dispersing agents, defoamers, slip & leveling agents, rheology modifiers. Whilst keeping focus on environmental sustainability, the company produces products using green raw materials that are APEO free and have low or no VOC.
These products are multi functional and multi compatible, which simplifies the production process, reduces the chance of errors and minimizes inventory thus improving cost effective-ness.
Patcham has built a strong manufacturing and R&D infrastructure that enables the rapid transition from concept to products. The company has strategically located technical service laboratories, offices and representatives around the world to provide the most efficient customer service. In addition, a well-developed robust supply chain network enables it to deliver its products and services to customers around the globe with minimal lead-time.
w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o mw w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Contents
Introduction
Architectural waterborne paints
Exterior & interior emulsion paints
Elastomeric coatings
Exterior and interior texture paints
Pigment and extender slurries
Architectural solventborne paints
Alkyd top coat - white
Incorporation of water in alkyd based paints
Problem solving additives
01
03
14
16
17
20
21
23
1w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Architectural coatings represent the largest consumer oriented segment of the coatings industry. This segment also covers general maintenance of residential, commercial, institutional and industrial buildings. Paints and coatings for architectural needs are developed to give the substrate an aesthetic appearance as well as protection.
A paint consumer looks for a coating that is safe to use and has high functionality in terms of self cleaning, antimicrobial properties and odor trapping. At the same time the coating is required to be long lasting and more durable. Paint properties such as flow, sag, freeze-thaw and in-can stability are developed taking into consideration the nature of application desired by the consumer.
Patcham has a full package of multifunctional additives ranging from wetting and dispersing agents, defoamers, coalescents, compatibilzers to rheology modifiers which meet the need of paint manufacturers and their end users.
Introduction
2w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Additives are a special class of ingredients that provide specific performance benefits and enhance final properties of the coatings. It takes only a small quantity of an additive to make a significant performance difference.
Architectural waterborne coating additives include wetting agents, dispersing agents, defoamers, rheology modifiers and compatabilizers.
Architectural waterborne paints
Features Resin system Dosage on total paint formulation (%)
Pat-Add additives
Table 1: Patcham additives for architectural coatings
Pat-Add DA 103Dispersing agent
Pat-Add DA 202Wetting agent
Pat-Add AF 11Defoamer
Pat-Add AF 14DDefoamer
Pat-Add AF 29Defoamer
Pat-Add AF 32 & Pat-Add AF 34Defoamer
Pat-Add Rheol 99Pat-Add Rheol 100Pat-Add Rheol 125PRheology modifier
Optimum dispersion of pigments & extenders, increased opacity, improved stability
Wetting of pigments & extenders, improved color acceptance. Improved freeze-thaw stability
Mineral oil based defoamer
Mineral oil based easy dispersible defoamer
Mineral oil free defoamer
Silicone based defoamer combats micro foaming
Liquid rheology modifier, stormer viscosity builder, improves flow and leveling with good anti-sagging. Pat-Add Rheol 100 is a VOC free version of Pat-Add Rheol 99.
Low to high PVC emulsion paints
Low to high PVC emulsion paints
Medium-High PVC emulsion paints and Resin free pigment concentrates (RFPC)
Specially recommended for textured paints
Suitable for low PVC emulsion paints, mineral oil free
Suitable for low to medium PVC emulsion paints and resin free pigment concentrates (RFPC)
Low to high PVC paints alone or in combination with other type of thickeners like HEC
0.3 - 0.7Grinding stage
0.1 - 0.5Grinding stage
0.1 - 0.5Grinding/Letdown
0.2 - 0.8Grinding/Letdown
0.1 - 0.5Grinding/Letdown
0.05 - 0.4Grinding/Letdown
0.4 - 2.0Grinding/Letdown
3w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Optimal dispersion and stabilization of pigment particles plays a significant role in determining the end properties of paints. Pigments and fillers in the formulation must be ground to small-sized particles, wetted and uniformly distributed to form a stable pigment dispersion. Only then color intensity, gloss and hiding power can be maximized. Pigment dispersions and stabilizations are hardly possible without suitable wetting and dispersing additives.
Daniel flow point of any dispersant gives an idea of the amount of dispersant needed to attain stable dispersion of titanium dioxide & extender combination present in the formulation.
Exterior & interior emulsion paints
Wetting and dispersing additives
Daniel flow point
Figure 1 : Titanium dioxide and extender slurry
Figure 2 : Daniel flow point test results
Pat-Add DA 103(0.3%)
Reference(0.3%)
Reference(0.5%)
Figure 3 : Dispersant demand curve
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
Visc
osity
in c
p
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8Dosage of dispersant (g)
Pat-Add DA103 Reference
In this testing method a certain amount titanium dioxide, extender and water are mixed in a container which forms a paste as shown in the Figure 1
Pat Add dispersing agent and reference are added drop wise to the extender and Titanium dioxide slurry
After a certain dosage of dispersant, the pigment slurry flows as a continu-ous thread from the blade. The point at which the flow starts is called Wet point or Fluidity point (Figure 2)
Lower dosage of Pat-Add DA 103 is required to attain the flow point as compared to the reference indicating its better dispersing characteristics
The addition of Pat-Add DA 103 to the pigment slurry after the flow point is reached further decreases the viscosity to a certain degree after which the viscosity increases slightly and remains constant thereafter
4w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Exterior & interior emulsion paints
Wetting and dispersing additivesWetting agents are surface active substances which improve the wetting of pigments. Dispersing agents on the other hand prevent particles from flocculating by either electrostatic or steric stabilisation depending upon its nature. Pat-Add DA 420 performs as both wetting and stabilizing agent due to its amphiphilic (i.e., both hydrophilic and lipophilic) nature.
Features Resin system Dosage on total paint formulation (%)
Pat-Add additives
Pat-Add DA 420Wetting and dispersing agent
Dispersant for polar pigments
Can be used as a sole wetting and dispersing agent in emulsion paints
0.5 - 2.0
Table 2 : Formulation of a low PVC paint with sole wetting and dispersing agent
Water
HEC
pH regulator
Pat-Add DA 420
Pat-Add AF 11
In-can preservative
Titanium dioxide
Letdown
pH regulator
Pat-Add AF 11
Propylene glycol
Pure acrylic emulsion
Pat-Add Coal 77
Pat-Add Rheol 99
Water
Total
18.50
0.30
0.20
1.00
0.10
0.30
15.00
0.10
0.10
1.50
45.00
1.50
1.40
15.00
100.00 Figure 4 : Water resistance test after 1 day of application
Reference
Pat-Add DA 420
Raw materials Weight (%)
5w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Exterior & interior emulsion paints
Wetting and dispersing additivesPat-Add DA 420
initial
Figure 5 : Color development and dE values with 1% universal colorant
Figure 6: Mill base viscosity Figure 7: Final paint viscosity
Figure 8: Daniel flow point for reference and Pat-Add DA 420
Figure 9: Dispersant demand curve for Pat-Add DA 420 and reference
The lower mill base viscosity indicates better wetting and dispersing ability during grinding and storage stability test indicates excellent stabilization of pigments by Pat-Add DA 420.
Lower dosage of Pat-Add DA 420 is sufficient to attain the Daniel flow point as compared to reference indicating its better wetting & dispersing character.
Reference (0.7% dosage) Pat-Add DA 420 (0.6% dosage)
Pat-Add DA 420 after 1 month stability
Reference after 1 month stability
Visc
osity
in c
P
380
Mill base viscosity
407
Reference Pat-Add DA 420
Visc
osity
in K
U
76
88
77
Before incubatorstability
After 1 monthincubator stability
81
Reference Pat-Add DA 420
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
Dispersant demand curve
Visc
osity
CP
ReferencePat-Add DA 420
Dosage of dispersig agents in grams
dE= 0.23 dE= 0.53 dE= 0.34 dE= 0.78
Reference initial
6w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Foam is a colloid consisting of gas suspended in liquid which is stabilized by surfactants present in the system.
Pat-Add DA 202 proves to be an excellent wetting agent which generates low foam during grinding.
However for complete elimination of foam, Patcham provides a wide range of defoamers with different chemistries i.e., mineral oil, silicone oil and polymeric type.
Figure 10 : Foaming tendency of wetting agents
Exterior & interior emulsion paints
Reference Pat-Add DA 202
What defoamer does?Faster penetratinon into the foam lamella, destabilizing
it and make it burst
Property required for a defoamer?Should be insoluble in the
formulation to be defoamed and should have low surface tension
How defoamer should perform?Balance between compatibility and efficiency to be considered
to prevent any defect
Defoamers
Surfactants are present in a typical waterborne formulation as pigment wetting agents, components in polymeric binders, biocides, thickeners or other components of paints. As a consequence, foam elimination starts with selecting low foaming type of wetting agents.
7w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Exterior & interior emulsion paints
Efficiency of a defoamer can be judged independently without adding it to a paint system by this method.
Defoaming tests
Shaking test
Figure 11: Defoaming effeciency of Pat-Add defoamers
Defoaming performance of mineral oil defoamers
Defoaming performance of silicone oil defoamers Defoaming performance of polymeric defoamers
Blank Pat-Add AF 11 Pat-Add AF 14D Reference 1 Reference 2
Blank Pat-Add AF 34 Reference 3 Blank Pat-Add AF 43 Reference 4
Take 0.2%-0.3% of defoamer in 1% surfactant solution and shake it gently. The test results can be compared to a control and other reference samples as shown in the figure below
8w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Exterior & interior emulsion paints
Density test
Density of paint sample with defoamer
Higher value of air entrapment indicates presence of more foam in the paint system
Theoretical paint density of the samplex 100 }{100-% air entrapment =
Mineral oil defoamers Paint density % air entrapment
in final paint
BlankPat-Add AF 11Pat-Add AF 14DReference 1
1.171.401.391.32
18.182.092.797.69
Silicone oil defoamers
Paint density % air entrapment in final paint
BlankPat-Add AF 34Reference 2
1.171.411.38
18.181.403.49
Polymericdefoamers Paint density % air entrapment
in final paint
BlankPat-Add AF 43Reference 3
1.171.411.40
18.181.402.09
Table 3: Performance of mineral oil defoamers in paint
Table 4: Performance of silicone oil defoamers in paint
Table 5: Performance of polymeric defoamers in paint
% air entrapment in final paint
Pat-Add AF 11
Pat-Add AF 14D
Ref 1Blank
20
15
10
5
0
% air entrapment in final paint
Pat-Add AF 34
Ref 2Blank
20
15
10
5
0
% air entrapment in final paint
Pat-Add AF 43
Ref 3Blank
20
15
10
5
0
Presence of foam in a paint system reduces its density and hence disturbs the weight and volume balance which in turn affects the fill volume of paint.
The variation of density of paint as compared to the theoretical density indicates the amount of foam present in the system. This variation can be expressed as % AIR ENTRAPMENT which can be calculated as
In Tables 3,4 and 5 the theoretical density is maintained at 1.43 for determining the practical % air entrapment.
The family of rheology modifiers can generally be divided into following groups on the basis of their chemical nature:
Cellulose derivatives Acrylic thickeners Clays Hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethanes (HEUR) Hydrophobically modified alkali swellable emulsions (HASE)
9w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Exterior & interior emulsion paints
Figure 12: Application with foam roller showing presence of foam in the film.
Roller application test
Reference 1 Pat-Add AF 11
Pat-Add AF 34 Reference 2
Pat-Add AF 43 Reference 3
Rheology modifiers are a class of additive which control the application properties and final appearance of the paint film. They also help in enhancing the storage stability of the paint. They can affect processing, color performance and perception of paint quality by the customer
Rheology modifiers
The roller application test stimulates real application conditions.
The paint is applied with a roller to a substrate and foaming during application is assessedAlong with the defoaming efficiency of the defoamer; presence of any surface defects, incompatibility & air entrapment can also be judged at this stage after the film is completely dried
10w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Issues and challenges of different class of rheology modifiersCellulosic thickeners
Acrylic thickeners
Advantages of HEUR over conventional thickeners
Thickening mechanism is by Hydrogen bonding
Exhibits very poor flow and levelling property
In the thickening mechanism as there is no interaction with pigments and latex, cellulosic thickeners based paint shows flocculation problems
The main disadvantage of cellulosic thickeners is it susceptiblity to microbial attack as they are natural polymers
The thickening mechanism is pH dependant.
Due to the presence of acid functional groups the thickeners are sensitive towards cations ( e.g.- Calcium)The paint system formulated with Acrylic thickeners shows poor water sensitivity
Broad rheology profile (From low shear to high shear)
Highly efficient across many resin types
Improved wash and scrub resistance
pH independent
Low impact on water whitening
Excellent leveling
Reduce spattering
Pat-Add Rheol 99
Pat-Add Rheol 100 ( VOC Free)Pat-Add Rheol series are HEUR (Hydrophobically modified polyurethanes) which provide thickening by interactions of end-groups of a thickener molecule both with themselves and with the components of the coating. Due to this dual interac-tion, a network is formed within the system that improves the flow and anti sagging properties of the paint. Figure 13 : Classification of HEUR type rheology
modifiers on the basis of performance
HEUR
Stormer viscosity builder
High stormer Viscosity
( KU Viscosity)
Low ICI Viscosity
Low shear Viscosity
Improved sag resistance
Good flow and leveling
High ICI Viscosity
( Cone and Plate)
Low stormer Viscosity
High shear Viscosity
(Shear rate 10000/sec)
Improved brush loading
Excellent flow and leveling
ICI viscosity builders
Exterior & interior emulsion paints
11w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Exterior & interior emulsion paints
Figure 14 : Viscosity build up (KU) at different PVC levels
Figure 14 shows viscosity build up after addition of rheology modifier in low, medium and high PVC paint
Low PVC paint
Pat-Add Rheol 99 Pat-Add Rheol 100 Reference 1 Reference 2
Medium PVC paint High PVC paint
10069
82
83
90
82
75.8
7565
100
9593
Pat-Add Rheol 99
Pat-Add Rheol 99
Conventional cellulosic thickener
Pat-Add Rheol 100
Pat-Add Rheol 100
Reference
Figure 15: Flow property of the samples
µm
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
Figure 16: Sag resistance test using a sag applicator
A perfect balance of flow and sag resistance is the main advantage of using Pat-Add Rheol 99 and Pat-Add Rheol 100 in the paint system.
Visc
osity
in K
U
Visc
osity
in K
U
Visc
osity
in K
U
12w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Exterior & interior emulsion paints
Pat-Add Rheol 125P
This product renders higher low shear viscosity (pseudoplastic) with good shear thinning rheology and excellent thickening effeciency to the system, which helps to improve anti-sag and anti-settling characteristics.
Controlling viscosity drop due to tinting
When paint samples with HEUR type of thickeners are tinted with high dosage of colorants, a drop in viscosity is observed in the paint system due to sudden increase in surfactant concentration. Addition of Pat-Add Rheol 125P solves this problem by minimizing the drop in viscosity.
Figure 18 : Viscosity drop after tinting blue colorant Figure 17 : Viscosity drop after tinting yellow iron oxide colorant
Figure 19 : Viscosity at different shear rates
Figure 20 : Viscosity equilibrium in KU
4118
3240
3320
2700
1895.6
24501751.6
1232
11001427.6
Visc
osity
in c
P
10 20 50 100 200
RPM
Pat-Add Rheol 125P Reference 1
133
131
134
102
84
131
113
117
Initial After tinting
10% yellow iron oxide 10% phthalo blue
Initial After tinting
Rheol 125P Reference 1 Rheol 125P Reference 1
106
86
107 103
Rheol 125P Ref.1
Viscosity, low PVC Initial Overnight
129
120
131134
Rheol 125P Ref.1
Viscosity, mid PVC Initial Overnight
Stable viscosity with Rheol 125P overnight
Viscosity pick up was observed with Ref 1
Viscosity drop in KU Viscosity drop in KU
13w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Exterior & interior emulsion paintsGuideline formulation for architectural waterborne coatings
WaterHECpH regulatorPat-Add DA 103Pat-Add DA 202Pat-Add AF 11In-can preservativeFilm preservativeTitanium dioxideCalcium carbonatePropylene glycol LetdownPat-Add AF 11Styrene acrylic emulsionCoalescentPat-Add Rheol 100Water Total
Raw materials Weight (%)
Raw materials Weight (%)
Raw materials Weight (%)
28.000.200.200.600.400.200.251.508.00
37.00
1.00
0.1014.001.001.506.05
100.00
Table 6: Exterior architectural paint - high PVC
WaterPat-Add Rheol 99pH regulatorPat-Add DA 103Pat-Add DA 202Pat-Add AF 11In-can preservativeTitanium dioxideCalcium carbonatePropylene glycol LetdownPat-Add AF 11Pure acrylic emulsionCoalescentPat-Add Rheol 99Water
Total
6.151.000.300.500.400.200.15
13.0016.001.50
0.1042.00
1.200.50
17.00
100.00
Table 7: Interior architectural paint - medium PVC
Table 8: Architectural paint - low PVC
WaterpH regulatorPat-Add DA 103Pat-Add DA 202Pat-Add AF 11In-can preservativeTitanium dioxidePropylene glycol LetdownPat-Add AF 11Vam-Veova emulsionCoalescentPat-Add Rheol 99Water Total
26.500.400.600.200.200.15
15.001.00
0.1045.00
1.901.207.75
100.00
14w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Elastomeric coatings
Patcham additives particularly, Pat-Add AF 34 effectively removes entraped bubbles from the coating giving a continuous and uniform finish to the coating.
The following formulation of an elastomeric wall paint allows a defect free coating at higher DFT, in extreme conditions.
Raw materials Weight (%)
Table 9: Formulation of an elastromeric paint
Elastromeric paint with Patcham additives
Figure 21: Application of elastomeric wall coating at 200 micron DFT
Water
HEC
pH regulator
Pat-Add DA103
Pat-Add DA 202
In-can preservative
Pat-Add AF 34
Titanium dioxide
Calcium carbonate
Talc
Letdown
Elastromeric emulsion
Pat-Add AF34
Pat-Add Rheol 99
Water
Total
15.00
0.60
0.30
0.50
0.30
0.40
0.50
12.00
12.00
10.00
38.00
0.20
0.40
9.80
100.00
Elastromeric wall coatings
Elastomeric wall coatings are designed to perform as a crack bridging type of coating.
As the wall is continuously exposed to natural weathering, the size and depth of the cracks present on the wall continue to propagate and grow
The main advantage of an elastomeric wall coating is to accommodate nominal structural changes
Elastomeric coating is applied at high DFT to retain the elastomeric property. However it can be difficult to remove the entrapped foam from within the film
15w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Elastomeric coatings
Heat reflecting elastromic roof coatings
Color name L* a* b*
Standard
IR Reflecting pigment 1
IR Reflecting pigment 2
The highest heat reflection can be acheived with the combination of pigments and Patcham additives are illustrated below:
Elastromic roof coatings is one that has been designed to reflect more sunlight and absorb less heat than a standard roof.
95.54
97.98
97.86
-0.47
-0.21
-0.09
2.38
-0.18
0.27
83.6
88.3
89.1
85.1
88.9
90.5
% Solar reflectance
% Near infraredreflectance
Raw materials
Water
Inorganic thickener (clay)pH regulator
Pat-Add DA 103
Pat-Add DA 202
In-can preservative
Modified silane
Pat-Add AF 34
Titanium dioxide
Wollastonite
Pure acrylic emulsion
Coalescent
Acrylic resin (solid)
Aromatic solvent
Modified styrene-acrylic emulsion
Exapancel microspheres
Total
Weight (%)
Table 10: Formulation for elastromeric roof coat
Figure 22: % solar reflectance with Pat-Add additive range
15.98
1.900.25
0.50
0.201.59
0.15
0.30
2.86
14.29
36.51.00
1.29
1.00
16.00
6.19
100.00
IR Reflecting pigment 1 IR Reflecting pigment 2
Roof coatings are the topmost layer of protection, receiving direct impact of sunlight (Infrared and Ultraviolet), rain, hail and physical damage
Roof coatings reflect back a certain amount of sunlight depending on its nature. This is measured using the coatings solar reflectance index (SRI)
16w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Exterior and interior texture paints
White Tinted to shade
Figure 23: Texture paint application
Table 11: Formulation of texture paint.
WaterHECpH regulatorPGPat-Add DA 103Pat-Add DA 202Pat-Add AF 34In-can preservativeTitanium dioxideCalcium carbonateChina clay LetdownAcrylic emulsionSilica sandCoalescent Total
Raw materials Weight (%)
5.200.400.205.501.00
0.70
0.500.508.00
22.0014.00
23.0018.001.00
100.00
A balanced formulation with the right dosage of Patcham additives gives sharp & flawless patterns. Patcham additives provide fine tuning to the appearance giving a desired profile and therefore ensure prolonged life to the coatings.
Texture paint is a specialty paint that has various types of textured designs, often named as traditional, classic, antique etc., through varied stippling patterns
Application of textured paints cover the holes, cracks and undulations present on the wall with unique textured designs
17w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Patcham has developed products to minimize these issues and thus help the manufacturers to improve paint performance and lower the cost of manufacturing. The formulations given below to show the effectiveness of Patcham additives.
Table 12 shows formulations of different grades TiO2 with Pat-Add DA 103 which acts as a dispersing as well as stabilizing agent for pigment slurries.
Pigment and extender slurries
WaterPat-Add DA 103pH regulatorIn-can preservativeTitanium dioxide LetdownWater Total
Raw materials TiO2-A TiO2-B TiO2-C
Table 12 : Formulation of slurries with different grades of TiO2
15.006.000.500.30
60.00
18.20100.00
15.006.000.500.30
60.00
18.20100.00
15.006.000.500.30
60.00
18.20100.00
Figure 24: Flow properties of TiO2 slurries
Figure 25: Viscosity and opacity comparisions of titanium dioxide slurries
Low viscosity and high opacity of slurries with Pat-Add DA 103 indicates good wetting and dispersion.
TiO2 A TiO2 B TiO2 C TiO2 A TiO2 B TiO2 C
466488
406 417
463449
Visc
osity
cP
Pat-Add DA 103Reference
Opa
city
val
ues
9291
90 90 90
89
It is a common practice to make emulsion paints affordable by adding various extender slurries of high loading levels
Issues like improper grinding, poor mixing of the slurries leads to settling and poor viscosity control, which not only affects paint performance, but also increases manu-facturing cost
In order to overcome this, one needs to have a balanced formulation with the right additive combination
18w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Pigment and extender slurries
Water
HEC
pH regulator
Pat-Add DA 103
Pat-Add AF 11
In-can preservative
Propylene glycol
Extender
Letdown
Pat-Add Rheol 100
Water
Total
Table 13 : Slurries with different extender formulation
Calcium carbonate
Raw materials
12.00
0.20
0.30
3.00
0.25
0.25
11.00
70.00
1.00
2.00
100.00
15.00
0.25
0.30
3.00
0.40
0.20
10.00
70.00
0.50
0.35
100.00
20.90
0.30
0.30
3.00
0.55
0.25
24.00
50.00
1.00
-
100.00
46.00
0.40
0.30
2.00
0.30
0.20
12.00
38.00
0.50
0.60
100.00
Figure 26: Viscosity variations of extender slurries over long term stability
Zinc oxide Aluminium silicate
Initial After 2 weeks stability
After 5 months stability
Visc
osity
(KU
)
125
132128
140 142
150
Initial After 2 weeks stability
After 5 months stability
Visc
osity
(KU
)
105
122118
132 130
150
Calcium carbonate slurry
Aluminium silicate slurryPat-Add DA 103Reference
Talc 10micron
19w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Pigment and extender slurries
Figure 27: Viscosity variations of extender slurries over long term stability
Figure 28: Observation of settling in extender slurries over long term stability
Talc slurry Calcium carbonate slurry
Pat-Add DA 103 Reference Pat-Add DA 103 Reference
Pat-Add DA 103 Reference Pat-Add DA 103 Reference
Initial After 2 weeks stability
After 5 months stability
Visc
osity
(KU
)126
132130 132
139
150
Initial After 2 weeks stability
After 5 months stability
Visc
osity
(KU
)
98
132104
135137 138
Zinc oxide slurry
Talc 10 micron slurry
Pat-Add DA 103Reference
Zinc oxide slurry Aluminum silicate slurry
20w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Architectural solvent borne paints
Features Dosage on total paint formulation (%)
Pat-Add additives
Top coats provide the desired aesthetic look and come in various shades and gloss levels. Typically a top coat includes TiO2 based white paint which can either be applied directly or can be tinted to multiple shades as per need of the customer. These top coats are applied by brushing or suitable rollers to get the required hiding.
Alkyd enamel top coat - white
Resin system
Pat-Add DA 707Dispersing Agent
Amphoteric dispersing agent for polar pigments
Solvent borne Alkyd paints, inks, plasticizers and colorants
0.7-3.0Grinding stage
Table 14: Formulation of alkyd top coat
Figure 29: Flow property
Figure 30: Color development with 1% colorant
Universal fast red
Universal red iron oxide
Raw materials
Long oil alkyd
Rheological additive
Pat-Add DA 707
Titanium dioxide
MTO
letdown
Long oil alkyd
Patcom 24 (combination drier)
MTO
Patox 1 (MEKO)
Total
20.00
3.00
0.70
22.00
8.00
30.00
1.46
14.64
0.20
100.00
These types of paints are mostly applied over metal and wood substrates
In architectural solvent based paints, air drying alkyds are used as film formers.
Alkyd based top coats are available in three type of finishes glossy, semi glossy and mattThe application would also involve a suitable primer followed by variable top coats
Weight (%)
21w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Incorporation of water in alkyd based paints
Features Dosage on total paint formulation (%)
Pat-Add additives
Resin system
Pat-Add DA 786Water incorparation
additive
Mixture of anionic and non-ionic surface active agent for water incorpora-tion. Anti-settling and anti-sagging agents
Alkyd based paint0.5 - 1.0
Grinding stage
Table 15: Typical formulation of water incorporation in alkyd based paint
Raw material
Long oil alkyd
Pat-Add DA 707
Pat-Add DA 786
Titanium dioxide
White spirit
Letdown
Long oil alkyd
White spirit
Patcom 24 (combination drier)
Patox 1 (MEKO)
Water
Total
Weight (%)
25.00
0.30
0.50
18.00
13.00
17.00
4.50
1.50
0.20
20.00
100.00
STAGE 1
STAGE 2
STAGE 3
Incorporation of water in alkyd based paints helps to reduce VOC and cost
Pat-Add DA 786 has been used to incorporate water in alkyd systems without affecting gloss, leveling, sagging and stability of the system
The incorporation of the Pat-Add DA 786 uniquely allows water to be post-added with minimum complexity
22w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Incorporation of water in alkyd based paints
Raw material Weight (%)
Table 16: Formulations with different dosages of Pat-Add DA 786
Long oil alkyd
Pat-Add DA 707
Pat-Add DA 786
Titanium dioxide
White spirit
Letdown
Long oil alkyd
White spirit
Patcom 24 (combination drier)
Patox 1 (MEKO)
Reference
Water
Total
25.00
0.30
0.10
18.00
13.00
17.00
4.90
1.5
0.20
-
20.00
100.00
25.00
0.30
0.25
18.00
13.00
17.00
4.75
1.5
0.20
-
20.00
100.00
25.00
0.30
0.50
18.00
13.00
17.00
4.50
1.5
0.20
-
20.00
100.00
25.00
0.30
0.75
18.00
13.00
17.00
4.25
1.5
0.20
-
20.00
100.00
25.00
0.30
-
18.00
13.00
17.00
4.00
1.5
0.20
1.00
20.00
100.00
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Reference
Figure 31: In-can appearance of alkyd based paint after water incorporation.
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Reference
Figure 32 : Comparison of gloss values of Pat-Add 786 with various dosages against reference at 1 % dosage
Through various trials, optimization of the dosage of Pat-Add 786 was conducted. It is to be noted that Pat-Add DA 707 works only as a dispersing agent in the system.
84 84 8481 81
91 91 91 90 89
80 8083
81 82
89 89 89 90 89
70
75
80
85
90
95
0.1 0.25 0.5 0.75 Reference (1.00)
Glo
ss u
nits
Dosage of Pat-Add 786(%)
Gloss values of alkyd paints
at 20 ° Initial at 60° Initial at 20 ° after stability at 60° after stability
23w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
Table 17: Pat-Add compatabilizers
Features Dosage on total paint formulation (%)
Pat-Add additives Resin system
Problem solving additives
The paint samples tinted with universal colorants sometime show compatibility problems, resulting in shade variations. Pat-Add compatibilizers are the best candidates for solving these type of problems.
Pat-Add DA 301Compatibilizer
Pat-Add DA 302Compatibilizer
Pat-Add DA 305Compatibilizer
Universal compatibilizer for use in paints and colorants to optimize color development
Anionic wetting agent for use in paints and colorants to optimize color development.
Electro neutral wetting for solvent based paint
2.0 - 5.0
2.0 - 5.0
0.4 - 4.0
Emulsion as well as alkyd system which are tinted with universal colorants.
Formulation of pigment dispersions as well as additive in base paints, which are tinted with universal colorants.
Main application is in organic solvent-borne white and neutral base paints, part of a universal tinting system, and based on thermoplastic Polyacrylate (TPA) binder.
Without Pat-Add DA 301 With Pat-Add DA 301
Without Pat-Add DA 305 With Pat-Add DA 305
Figure 33: In-can appearance
Figure 34: Rub out application test
Notes
w w w . p a t c h a m l t d . c o m
www.patchamltd.com
PATCHAM (FZC)
P.O. Box: 7753,Saif Zone, Sharjah, UAETel: +971-6-5570035Fax: +971-6-5570038Email: [email protected]
PATCHAM EUROPE BV
Klavermaten 65-1 7472 DD GoorNetherlandsEmail: [email protected]
PATCHAM INDIA
B-52, Pravasi Industrial Estate Vishweshwar Nagar, Off Aarey Road Goregoan (E), Mumbai - 400 063 (India) Tel: +91-22-29272471Email: [email protected]
PATCHAM USA LLC
10 Commerce RoadFairfield, New Jersey – 07004Tel: (201) 293-4282Fax: (201) 820-0818Email: [email protected]
The information given in this booklet is intended for technical guidance without obligation. Ver. 1.0