1 approach to utility mats august 22, 2012 arippa annual tech convention harrisburg, pa joel millard...
TRANSCRIPT
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Approach to Utility MATSAugust 22, 2012
ARIPPA Annual Tech ConventionHarrisburg, PA
Joel MillardEnvironmental Regulatory Specialist KVB-Enertec ProductsBabcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc.
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Presentation Agenda
Utility MATS Overview
PM Compliance Options and Cost Analysis
Hg Compliance Options
HCL Compliance Options and Cost Analysis
Summary
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Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS)
40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUUUU – National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Coal- and Oil-Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units
Also known as the Utility MACT Final rule published in the Federal Register on February 16, 2012
• Effective 60 days from publishing in FR (April 16, 2012)• Affected sources have 3 years from this date to become compliant*• Notifications of applicability were due August 14, 2012• Temporary stay of limits for new units in place. Stay in effect until November
2, 2012
*note: it appears that the EPA will grant a one year extension for sources that are showing an effort to achieve compliance
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Timeline for ComplianceMercury and Air Toxics Standard (MATS)
2012
Compliance Begins
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
State Extensions Available
Nominal Compliance Deadline
Rule publishedin Federal Register
Negotiated Enforcement Orders Possible
2012
2017
• Covers Filterable Particulate Matter as a marker for heavy metals,HCl or SO2 as a marker for acid gasses, and Mercury
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UMATS – PM LimitsEGU Category PM Total Non-Hg HAPS Metals
Existing Units lbs/mmBTU mg/Scm lbs/mmBTU mg/Scm
Coal (Not Low) 0.03 49.1 0.00005 0.1
Coal (Low Rank) 0.03 49.1 0.00005 0.1
IGCC 0.04 65.5 0.00006 0.1
Liquid Oil-Cont. 0.03 52.3 0.0008* 1.4
Solid Oil (Coke) 0.008 13.1 0.00004 0.1
NEW Units Lbs/MWh mg/Scm Lbs/MWh mg/Scm
Coal (Not Low) 0.007 1.1 0.00006 0.01
Coal (Low Rank) 0.007 1.1 0.00006 0.01
IGCC 0.07 11.1 0.0004 0.06Liquid Oil-Cont. 0.07 NA 0.0002* 0.03
Solid Oil (Coke) 0.02 3.2 0.0006 0.10
* Includes Hg PM
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UMATS – HCl/SO2 LimitsEGU Category HCl SO2 *
Existing Units lbs/mmBTU ppm@ 3% O2 lbs/mmBTU ppm@ 3% O2
Coal (Not Low) 0.002 1.9 0.2 105.5
Coal (Low Rank) 0.002 1.9 0.2 105.5
IGCC 0.0005 4.9 NA NA
Liquid Oil-Cont. 0.0002 2.0 NA NA
Solid Oil (Coke) 0.005 4.6 0.3 158.3
NEW Units Lbs/GWh ppm@ 3% O2 Lbs/GWh ppm@ 3% O2
Coal (Not Low) 0.4 0.04 0.4 20.5
Coal (Low Rank) 0.4 0.04 0.4 20.5
IGCC 2 0.2 0.4 20.5
Liquid Oil-Cont. 0.4 0.04 NA NA
Solid Oil (Coke) 0.4 0.04 0.4 20.5
* SO2 Limit only for units with FGD
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UMATS – Hg LimitsEGU Category Hg
Existing Units Lbs/tBTU ug/Scm
Coal (Not Low) 1.2 1.97
Coal (Low Rank) 4.0 6.50
IGCC 2.5 4.81
Liquid Oil-Cont. 0.05 0.09
Solid Oil (Coke) 0.2 0.33
NEW Units Lbs/GWh ug/Scm
Coal (Not Low) 0.0002 0.03
Coal (Low Rank) 0.04 6.30
IGCC 0.003 0.56
Liquid Oil-Cont. 0.0001 0.02
Solid Oil (Coke) 0.002 0.32
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Presentation Agenda
Utility MATS Overview
PM Compliance Options and Cost Analysis
Hg Compliance Options
HCL Compliance Options and Cost Analysis
Summary
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What is PM ?
Particles exist in both solid and liquid
Filterable and Condensable
Particle sizes and shapes vary
PM characteristics will vary with fuel and controls technologies
Temperature and Pressure of sample also affect PM
Metals
Carbon
Salts
Organic Hydrocarbons
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Why Measure PM?
Opacity correlates poorly to PM emissions All States require opacity monitoring PM CEMs can measure PM mass and low PM concentrations,which opacity monitors cannot
Consent Decrees
Technology now available to measure PM emissions and new EPA test standards available
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PM Compliance Options
1. Measure using PM CEMS
2. Measure using a Continuous Parametric Monitoring System (CPMS) and perform annual compliance testing
3. Quarterly testing for PM/Non-Hg Hap MetalsPM filterable – Method 5 test - $14KTotal HAP Metals – Method 29 train - $15K/quarterIndividual HAP Metals (10) - More $$ than Method 29 test
NOTE:
Annual Compliance test not required for Option 3
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PM CEMSPermissible Monitor Types for MATS Compliance
Light Scatter Scintillation Beta Attenuation Mass Accumulation
Back Scatter
Extractive
Back Scatter In-Situ
Beta GaugeExtractive
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PM CEMS Certification
PM CEMS must initially be certified in accordance with 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix B, Performance Specification 11 (PS-11)
Test to generate a correlation curve between the particulate concentration and the unit load
Requires at least 15 Paired samples 3 loads, 5 runs per loading level
Tests are time consuming and expensive (35k-50k), and can cause problems with the state regulatory agency
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Ongoing QA/QC procedures
Outlined in 40 CFR 60, Appendix F, Procedure 2
Absolute Correlation Audit (ACA) – Challenge the analyzer with three filters (quarterly)
Relative Response Audit (RRA) – 3 particulate tests, normal load (annual)
Response Correlation Audit (RCA) - Basically 12 run PS -11
(every 3 years)
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PM CEMS vs. CPMSUMATS allows for EITHER PM CEMS OR CPMS
Both technologies must use Light Scatter, Scintillation, Beta Attenuation, or Mass Accumulation
What is the Difference ?
CPMS – Not a certified PM CEMS – Similar technologyParametric limit is determined from annual testing
PM CEMS – Initial capital cost & testing is more $$
PM CEMS – Exempt from Opacity monitoring (Pending state approval)
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PM (Dry Stack) Monitoring Options - CostsDry Stack - PM Monitoring Cost Comparison
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 2 3 4 5
Year
$K
Quart. Testing
PM CPMS
PM CEMS
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PM (Wet Stack) Monitoring Options - Costs
Wet Stack - PM Monioring Costs
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1 2 3 4 5
Year
$K
Quart. Testing
PM CPMS
PM CEMS
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Presentation Agenda
Utility MATS Overview
PM Compliance Options and Cost Analysis
Hg Compliance Options
HCL Compliance Options and Cost Analysis
Summary
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Compliance Options
Continuously monitor HCL concentrations
Continuously monitor SO2 concentrations
Coal fired sources already have SO2 analyzers installed
Requires that the source has a wet or dry FGD Once a plant opts in to using SO2 as a surrogate, the 0.20 lb/MMBtu limit becomes federally enforceable
• some clients choosing not to use this option, due to the reduction of fuel flexibility
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HCL
Limit is 0.002 lbs/mmBTU (~1.9 ppm) – Coal fired units
Initial and Annual testing – Method 26 or 26A
Initial CEMS requirements being developed - PS-18
Annual compliance tests are $14K – 3 – 1 hour runs
HCl CEMS types:FTIR – Hot, wet extractiveTDL – In-situ, cross stack/ductGas Filter Correlation Infra-red (GFC) – Hot, wet extractive
New probes/ports required for most applications
HCl CEMS have been in use for many years on waste incinerator applications
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HCl Monitoring - Cost Comparison
$K FTIR CEMS TDL
Capital 100 45
Installation 50 15
1st year O&M 20 8
Total 170 68
Notes:1. Certification costs are equivalent: ~$14K2. FTIR cost assumes 200 ft. Sample Line 3. Cost of power is excluded
TDL – No sample lines required, only measures HClTDL – Lower cost option for “ADD-ON” measurementFTIR – Capable of measuring multiple components (more flexible)
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HCl Monitoring Options - CostsHCl Monitoring Costs
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1 2 3 4 5
Year
$ K
Quart. Testing
HCl CEMS
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PM&HCl (Dry Stack) Monitoring Options - Costs
Dry Stack - PM&HCl Combined Costs
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1 2 3 4 5
Year
$K
Quart. Testing
PM CPMS&HCl CEMS
PM CEMS&HCl CEMS
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Presentation Agenda
Utility MATS Overview
PM Compliance Options and Cost Analysis
Hg Compliance Options
HCL Compliance Options and Cost Analysis
Summary
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Hg Compliance Options
Continuous Monitors must be installed Two technologies currently available
• Hg analyzer• Continuous Sorbent Trap Monitoring System
Sorbent Trap System
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Hg Monitoring – Technology Comparison
Both Hg CEMS and Sorbent trap are certified using Method 30B
Hg CEMS have continuous data – Sorbent trap gives weekly updates (5-7 days, no longer than 14 days)
Sorbent trap is lower capital cost
O&M costs for each similar – Hg CEMS may be higher maintenance for some applications
Control Device for Hg is a factor in deciding continuous vs. sorbent trap
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Hg Monitoring - Cost Comparison
$K Hg CEMS Hg Sorbent Trap
Capital 220 90
Installation 100 49
1st year O&M 30 37
Total 350 177
Notes:1. Certification costs are equivalent2. Annual certification test costs are similar3. Sample Line costs are excluded 4. Cost of air compressor for Hg CEMS should also be considered5. Sorbent trap need easy access to probe location
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Hg CEMSTypical design is a dilution extractive
system
Analyzer measures elemental Hg
Measurement levels are extremely low
Ionic Hg is converted to elemental Hg
Hg CEMS are more complex than conventional CEMS
Capital, installation, and O&M costs are higher
Alternative to Hg CEMS is Sorbent Trap System (non-continuous)
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Hg Sorbent traps Can be used instead of CEMS measurement & also for
ref. method stack tester Uses dual train carbon traps mounted in tip of probe in
stack Hg is collected on carbon traps and sent to lab for Hg
analysis (in most cases every 5-7 days) Must measure sample flow, stack flow, and stack
conditions Issues: Loose 5-7 days of data if traps fail QA tests Hg reading are batch sample – I.e. Non-Continuous
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Presentation Agenda
Utility MATS Overview
PM Compliance Options and Cost Analysis
Hg Compliance Options
HCL Compliance Options and Cost Analysis
Summary
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Summary
Particulate MatterPM CEMSCPMS and Annual TestingQuarterly testing for PM or Non-Hg HAP Metals
Hydrogen ChlorideFTIR - More accurate but more expensiveTDL- Lower cost and easier to integrate, may have some issues with data
accuracy
MercuryMercury CEMS - Costlier method, however real time data is availableSorbent Trap System – Lower cost method, however data is not available and it is
more labor intensive for the plant personnel
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UMATS - PM & HCl Cost Comparisons
If PM only is considered – PM CPMS may be the lower cost option
If SO2 Limit/SO2 CEMS is not an option and HCl must be measured Combining Method 5 and Method 26A quarterly testing may be the lower cost option for HCl & PM
If HCl only is considered – Then HCl CEMS may be the lower cost option
Assumes a 3-4 year payback – Capital + O&M
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Basis of Cost Analysis Lowest cost analyzer capital cost TDL technology utilized for HCl-CEMS Installation costs included, assuming steel stack and no platform work Includes certification, quarterly testing, and recertification every 3 years for PM-CEMS Includes initial certification and annual testing for CPMS Potential elimination of opacity O&M costs with PM-CEMS not included Estimates based on today’s dollar non-escalated Based on single stack
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Thank you!