1 a carbon cycle data assimilation system at lsce using multiple data streams (carbones / geocarbon...
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A Carbon Cycle Data Assimilation System
at LSCE using
multiple data streams (CARBONES / GEOCARBON EU-project )
Philippe Peylin, Natasha MacBean, Cédric Bacour, Sébastien Leonard, Vladislav Bastrikov, Fabienne Maignan, Sylvain Kuppel, Diego Santaren, Frédéric Chevallier, Patricia Cadule, Philippe Ciais, Jonathan Barichivich, Catherine Ottle
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Paris, France.
& CARBONES / GEOCARBON projects
& DATA providers
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The LSCE - CCDAS
The need for Carbon Cycle
Data Assimilation Systems
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Fate of Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions (2000-2008)
Le Quéré et al. 2009, Nature-geoscience; Canadell et al. 2007, PNAS, updated
1.4 PgC y-1
+7.7 PgC y-1
3.0 PgC y-1
29%
4.1 PgC y-1
45%
26%2.3 PgC y-1
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JENA_s96
LSCE_var
LSCE_an
CTrac_US
CTrac_EU
C13CCAM
C13MATCH
TRCOM
RIGC
JMA
NCAM
Land Ocean
Atmospheric inversions: IAV
Comparison
of 11 inversions
(RECCAP)
Peylin et al. 2013 BG
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5Peylin et al.2013 BG
Comparison
of 11 inversions
(RECCAP)
JENA_s96
LSCE_var
LSCE_an
CTrac_US
CTrac_EU
C13CCAM
C13MATCH
TRCOM
RIGC
JMA
NCAM
Land Ocean
Atmospheric inversions: IAV
Strengths:• Include all processes• Acurate at large scale
• Land inter-annual variability appears robust
Weaknesses:• No insight on the processes
• Poor regional constraint• Land / ocean partition is not robust
• No prediction capabilities
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Role of land surface modelsIPSL
LPJ
Jones 2013
<-u
ncer
tain
ty->future
Change in global biomass
Land surface models and dynamic global vegetation models are used to:
• Monitor long-term trends in carbon, water, energy, vegetation
• Attribute the causes of trends and variability
• Predict changes into the future under new climate and greenhouse gas regimes
historical
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Data streamsAtm.data
C f
lux
to a
tmos
ph
ere
(GtC
/yr)
Large uncertainty from land topredict global C-balance (C4MIP)
Improve: Process understanding Uncertainty estimates
Future climate predictions
Optimizedecosystem models
reduce the spread ?
Data Assimilation
Needs for C-Cycle Data Assimilation System
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The LSCE - CCDAS
Description of the ORCHIDEE
LAND SURFACE MODEL
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Dynamic Global Vegetation Model ORCHIDEE
Simulates the Energy, Water and Carbon balanceLand component of the IPSL Earth System Model
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Main processes
Net Photosynthesis
Growth & MaintenanceRespiration
Allocation of the assimilates
litter
Carbon Budget & nutriments
CO2
Flux
CO2 Concentration
Interception by the canopy
Infiltration, storage, drainage
Surface runoff
Evapotranspiration
Air Humidity Precipitation
Solar andinfra-red
Radiation Wind Speed
Air Turbulence
Temperature
Con
vect
ion
of
dry
he
at
SurfaceTemperature
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Surface description : a tile approach
Land cover map
• 13 different Plant functional types
A mosaïc of vegetation
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Example of dominant PFT map
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Plant Functional Types
The same set of equations governs C/W/E dynamics But parameter values differ among PFTs
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“Slow biogeochemical” Processes
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“Slow biogeochemical” Processes
• Phenology - Budburst based on GDD, soil water...
• Senescence: Based on Leaf age, Temp...
• Carbon Allocation: • 8 pools of living biomass
• 4 litter pools and 3 soil carbon pools (CENTURY)
• Autotrophic respiration: Maintenance & Growth
• Heterotrophic Respiration
• Fire module (SPITFIRE)
• Turnover : death of plants, etc.
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Biomass allocation
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Hydrological Processes in ORCHIDEE
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Hydrological Processes in ORCHIDEE
• Partition of throughfall between infiltration and runoff
• Water fluxes in soils (soil moisture and drainage)
• Routing of runoff into river discharge
• Human pressures, e.g. irrigation
• Interactions with floodplains (fluxes and storage)
• Wetlands
• Snow pack processes
• Permafrost (freeze/thaw in the soil)
• Interactions with groundwater tables (fluxes and storage)
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Driving data
• Meteorological forcing (temp., precip., air humidity, surface
pressure, wind speed, short- and longwave radiation)
• Atmospheric CO2
• Vegetation type (PFT) (when not using DGVM)
• Soil Type
• Land Cover Change
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Parameters
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ORCHIDEE model: current status
Natural grass
Bare soil / desert
Multi-layer soil hydrology’
AssimilationOf variables
Modules implementa
tion
Forest
Crops
Managed grass Temperate Crops
grassland
Tropicalcrops
Forest management moduleNitrogen
cycle
- Generalization of PFT concept (number not limited)- A 11-layer hydrological scheme
- Scientific documentation
Fires
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The LSCE - CCDAS
Description of the
LSCE - CCDAS
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Optimized model parameters
Carbon fluxes & pools
(values & uncertainties)
CCDAS Carbon Cycle Data Assimilation System
Meteo. dataIGBP LC
Satellite data
Atmos. Conc.
Fossil Fuel & Biomass
Burning fluxes
Flux Tower
Assimilation data Forcing data
LAND
ORCHIDEE
Ocean fluxModel OCVR AtmosphLMDZ
Validation data
CO2 vertical Profiles
Forest & SoilC stock
Satellite data
Ocean pCO2data
Structure of the LSCE CCDAS
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Structure of the LSCE CCDAS
Optimizer BFGSJ(X) and dJ(X)/X
flux tower measurements
PFT compositionecosystem parameters
initial conditions
parameters(X)
J(X)M(X)
Yflux
satellitefAPARYfAPAR
J(X)J(X)
climate NEE, LE, (H)
)()()()(2
1)( 11
bbt
bt xxPxxxMyRxMyxJ Cost function:
Iterative minimization using either: - Variational approach (with Tangent Linear model for DJ/dx)
- Monte Carlo approach
biomass data
Atm CO2