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P. BROOK : The Empty Space

1] ) 4 ) 5 ) 6

2]

) 8 ) 9 ) 10 ) 11 ) 13 ) - 14

3] 15

4] 17

3. :

5] 19 ) S.Serlio 20 ) Olimpico & Farnese 21 ) 22 ) Globe Theatre 23

6] 24 ) scene a l'italienne I.Jones 25 ) 27

7] 19 28 ) 29 ) 30 ) Bayreuth 31

8] 32 ) 33 ) 35 ) Bauhaus 37

9] 39 ) 40 ) 4 41 ) 42

44

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1]

)

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)

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13. :

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, , , . , ,

16. :

, [ pulpitum, ]. , ( ) [ , Orange, Vaison, , -, ] - , . - , , 3 ..

17. :

4]

, 12 , . , , , .

. - [ - . ], - .

- [ ] - . , () () .

H , , , . - , , - ( mansions ), - , , .

H , , , - , -. , , platea, , . Vallenciens Villingen. H , . , . Perceverance ( 1425) , , [ ] . To ( -, wagon stage) ( 15 ) , , . , ( ), , .

18. :

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19. :

5]

, . , , , 16 , - (, , ). ( ) - , . , - , ( ) -. , - , , , [ ] . , :

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20. :

) S. Serlio

, Sebastiane Serlio "Architettura", 1551. , , 4 :

-, . , ,

, , ,

, F. Brunelleschi B. Peruzzi ( 15 ). , ,

3 ( , ), , , .

Serlio, , , - . [ , ] , , . , ( ) .

21. :

) Teatro Olimpico & Teatro Farnese

Serlio Vicenza, Olimpico ( Palladio, ) V. Scamozzi 1585. , - , scaeea frons ( ) , .

[ ], vistas, - ( - ) . Olimpico, , . ( ) (1618) G. Aleotti, Teatro Farnese Parma. : - U, , ,

- ( - ), - ( ), ( ). , ( ) vistas , [ - ]. , .

22. :

) T

, , comedia erudita comedia del arte. [ , -] , , , o Lopes de Vega , W. Shakespeare ( Carlo Goldoni). booth stage, , - :

- , (Confrerie de la Passion), 1548 Hotel de Bourgogne. - ( Corrales), . Corral de la Cruz, 1579, , ( aposentos) . - , - , - - () ( 1558), . , , , . -, , , , , , , - , , .

23. :

) Globe Theatre

1599, ( The Theatre J.Burdage 1576, Curtain 1577, Rose 1587, Swan 1596), - . , . apron stage ( ) ( -, ), [ ] . ( ), ( ) [ ] . , , , - .

, , . gentlemen's rooms, - , .

24. :

6]

M , , 17-18 . , - , , . ( ) , Serlio. , , - ( ), - . :

-padroni , ,

, , ' .

, , , [ 17 ] :

1] , 2] , 3] .

, , , . -, ( ), , .

25. :

a) Scene litalienne & I. Jones

, , S. Serlio, - " ". , - , - . , , , - , . , 5 :

, , [ , ] ,

, , ,

, , , - [ ] , , [ ] ,

, , - scene a l' italienne.

, ( 17 ) Serlio . - . - G.Torelli ( F.Guitti, Farnese), - .

Torelli carreto, [ ] , - , , , , . Torelli ( , , ) , :

- , , , ( -), , - ( ). - , , ( )

26. :

( , , ).

, 17 , - , ( ), , 1642 -, 1656. , , Inigo Jones ( , scene a l'italienne), apron stage [ ], - - [ ]. I. Jones : shutters, - , . shutters, - , , ( ), vistas, , , shutters ,

, , ( ) -

frontispiece , - Jones .

27. :

)

, , , - . , 17 , . , - ( ) - .

, , . , , - , ( platea, ). , , ( gentlemen' rooms), ( loges palco) , . , . , ( Farnese, Siena Theatro Fortuna Torelli) 17 , .

18 ( ) , ( ), ( ), ( ). . , , , -, , , Salvatorplatz .

Hotel de Bourgogne [ , , ], ( ) :

- , - , , , Jones [ ] J.Webb Serlio. - , - Drury Lane Royalty Theater, - () , - apron stage, - .

28. :

7] 19

, (1789) . , , , , - . ( , ) 19 : . , , , '.

, , : , . , .

, , , . - , -. , , . , [ ], , .

' , . ( ) - . , , .

29. :

)

, [ ] , . , ( 1840) box-set, - -, ( ) . , , :

- ( adison Square Theatre , 1879, S. Mac Kaye), ( )) , ,

( K. Lautenschlager, 1896, ), , .

, , : , . , - . peep-hole, . , , , -, .

30. :

)

, , [ ] [ ] . , - . , . - box set, [ -] .

, 19 . , . ( , 1822), , , , -. , , , , .

, [ ], ( ) . (1879) [ ], , .

31. :

) Bayreuth

box set , : . - , , , .

, R. Wagner, . Wagner, [ ] Bayreuth (1876), . Bayreuth 20 .

, , , , . :

-

-, .

( , ), - , [ ]. , [ ], , .

32. :

8]

, , , , - , (la belle epoque). , , . . , [ 4/5 ] -. -, laissez faire laissez mourir, .

, , . , , . , . ( Bayreuth ) . ( ) , iffel .

33. :

)

, , , , . , , , Boulevard Broadway, . ( ), , . [ , ], , :

] , , ( ) , , , , . :

Andre Antoine Theatre Libre (1887), Freie Buhne (1889), Freie Volksbuhne

, , Erwin Piscator ( Max Reinhardt Bertolt Brecht),

Independent Theatre (1891) G.B.Shaw, Constantin Stanislavski (1897), William B.Yeats

(1899), Provincetown Washington Square

, ( O'Neill) .

] , ( ), . , , , . . - :

Adolph Appia, , (1895-1899), , -, ,

Gordon Graig, , ( ) , (1905) ( ) ,

34. :

Max Reinhardt, , Grosses Schauspielhaus ( 1919, , ), , , ,

Jacques Copeau, Vieux Colombier (1913) , ,

Vzevolod E.Mejerchol'd, C.Stanislavski, (1905, ), , , , ( , ) , .

35. :

)

( ) , , . , , , Max Littmann (1901-1914), Hans Poelzig Grosses Reinhandt, Vieux Colombier J.Cpeau, Festival Theatre Terence Gray Cambridge, 1929, :

- ,

- , .

, , , ( , , ), . , , , (, , -) , , (1000 ). , - , . , , [, ] Appia, Graig, Reinhardt . , - :

, . , , -, ( - ) .

, ( L.Jessner, J.Fehling), E.Piscator B.Brecht. , , [ - , - P. Picasso, o S. Dali, o J. Miro, Max Ernst] , , , .

, , , avant-garde ( , A. Tairov, E. Vachtangov B. Mejerchol'd), - . -- , , .

36. :

, - , , , . Barchin Vachtangov Mejerchol'd (1935), , .

, - , , , , , Vieux Colombier.

- Cambridge, T. Gray [ ] -: , , - , .

, , , , , , .

37. :

) Bauhaus

. , (, , , ) , .

Bauhaus ( 1919- 1928) (der bau), , . Walter Gropius, - ( O. Schlemmer, P. Klee, W.W Kandinsky, o L.Nagy), - . Bauhaus , - .

Oscar Schlemmer , [ ] , , - . - , - , , , , .

, , Bauhaus, Andreas Weininger : , - .

, - W.Gropius (Total-theater, , 1927) E.Piscator, -, . Gropius - 3 , :

- , , ,

apron stage [, ] [ ], ,

, , .

38. :

, . , Totaltheatre - -, , .

20 , Hollywood ( - V.Maya-kovski), , , . .

39. :

9]

, , 20 , :

, ,

, ,

- 4, "" .

, ( , ) (, , ) :

- , ,

- , , - ,

- ( , , , ) - .

18-19 , , . , - ( , , - ), , - . , , , , .

40. :

)

, : . , , . 2 : ,

,

, -, ( ) -.

, , , , . :

- ( 300-500 ) (700-1000 ), , - [ - , , ], - - ( , ), - [ - , ], - - ( , ), , , , .

41. :

) 4

, 4, : 1) , , ,

2) , , 3/4 ( - ) ,

3) , , , - , ,

4) , , , - ( , , , ) , , ( , -, , music hall, ) . , . , -, , ( , , ) .

42. :

)

3 , , :

Bell Geddes, - ( ), 900, ,

end stage Vieux - Colombier, () ( - ) ,

apron stage, .

[ ] :

- , , , - ,

- , , - ,

- , ,

- , - ,

- ,

-, ( ). - - 1- 2 , ( ) . :

, [ apron stage],

- ,

,

- , podium ,

podium ( ) , , ( ).

, B. Brecht , :

43. :

- - , , ,

- , -, , ( ), - - .

44. :

1) A X.: , . , , 1976 2) BRETON G.: Theatres, ed. Moniteur, Paris, 1990 3) BROCKETT O.G.: The Theatre - an Introduction, Holt-Rinehart and Winston Inc, N.Y. 1969 4) HAM R.: Theatre Planning, The Architectural Press, London, 1972 5) IZENOUR G.: Theatre Design, Mc Graw Hill, N.Y. 1977 6) IZENOUR G.: Theatre Technology, Mc Graw Hill, N.Y. 1988 7) LEACROFT R. & H.: Theatre and Playhause, Methuen, London, 1984 8) NICOLL A.: The Development of the Theatre, Harrap & Co, London, 1966 9) NICOLL A.: , . , . ,

10) . : , . , 1984 11) TIDWORTH S.: Theatres - an Illustrated History, Pall Mall Press, London, 1973 12) WHITING F.: An Introduction to the Theatre, Harper & Row Pub, N.Y. 1954

1) ARCHITECTURE D'AUJOURD'HUI : 17(1958), 152(1970), 199(1978), 268(1990) 2) ACTUALITE DE LA SCENOGRAPHIE : 41, 43, 45 (1989) 3) THE ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW : 1108 (1989) 4) ARCHITECTUR + WETTBEWERBE : 116 (1983) 5) AMERICAN FEDERATION OF ARTS : 66 (1962) The Ideal Theatre : eight concepts 6) C.N.R.S. Paris : Le Lieu theatral dans la Societe Moderne, 1963 Les Voies de la Creation Theatrale, 1970 Victor Louis et le Theatre, 1982 7) TECHNIQUES ET ARCHITECTURE : 310 (1976), 353 (1984), 389 (1990) 8) , A : 9, 11 - 15, 22, 32 - 37 9) , : 1 - 22

1) ARTAUD A.: To , ., . , 1982 2) ARNOTT P.D.: Greek Scenic Conventions in the 5th Century B.C. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1962 [

45. :

3) BABLET D.: Edward Gordon Graig, ed. Arche, Pari, 1962 4) BALDRY H.C.: To T , . & . , . , , 1981 5) BLUME H.D.: , . , . ...., 1986 6) BROOK P.: H , . . , . , 1982 7) BRUEL R.: L'Opera, ed. Bourdas, 1980, 8) BURRIS-MEYER H.: Theatres and Auditoriums, Reinhold Pub. & Corp. N.Y. 1967 9) CHAMBERS E.K.: The Elizabethan Stage, Oxford, 1923 10) COUTY D.: Le Theatre, ed. Bourdas, 1980, 11) DOVER K.J.: , . ,...., 1981 12) () : , . , . ,

13) FOULKES R. (ed) : Shakespeare and the Victorian Stage, Cambridge Un.Press, N.Y. 1986 14) HARTNOLL P. : A Concise History of the Theatre, Thames and Huston Ltd. 1968 15) GILLETTE A.: Stage Scenery, Harper & Brother, N.Y. 1959 16) GILLETTE M.J.: Theatrical Design and Production, Mayfield, 1987 17) INNES C.D.: Erwin Piscator's Political Theatre, Cambridge University Press, 1972 18) KAKOY K.: , . , , 1974 19) KA () : , . , 1974 20) KOTT J. : , , , 1976. 21) KOTT J.: , . & . , , 1988 22) LORD P. & TEMPLETON D.: The Architecture of Sound, The Architectural Press, London, 1986 23) ME B.E.: , . , . , , 1974 24) - . : , J. Anton, , 1992. 25) .: , University Studio Press, 1989 26) PARKER O. & SMITH H.: Scene Design and Stage Lighting, Holt-Rinehart & Winston Inc, N.Y. 1968 27) . : , , 1987 28) B.: , . , , 1985 29) RIPELLINO A.M.: Mayakovskij e il Theatro Russo d'Avaguardia, ed. Einardi, 1978 30) SCHLEMMER O.: The Theatre of the Bauhaus, Middletown Wesleyan Univ. Press, 1965 31) SELDEN S.: Theatre Double Game, ed. Chapel Hill, 1969 32) . : O , . , , 1974

46. :

33) TAIROV A.I.: Le Theatre Libere, ed. La Cite, Lausanne, 1974 34) TAPLIN O.: H A , . , . , , 1988 35) VEINSTEIN A.: Le Theatre Experimental, Bruxelles, 1968 36) VILAR J.: Le Theatre - Service Publique, ed. Gallimard, Paris, 1975 37) . : , . , , 1984