1 © 2011 regents of the university of minnesota. all rights reserved. 11 residential rain gardens...
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© 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
11
RESIDENTIAL RAIN GARDENS
Gra
phic
: C
ity
of M
aple
woo
d
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A rain garden is a
water-quality tool
that you can use
in your own yard.
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© 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
WHAT WE’LL COVER What is a “rain garden”? Functions and benefits How to make one Plant selection Maintenance Cost Helpful resources
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WHAT IS A “RAIN GARDEN”? A shallow sunken garden that recycles the rain
– less than 8” deep Rainwater runoff is directed toward it Runoff soaks in
Photo: Mary Nolte, Fulton neighborhood, Minneapolis
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PLANTS HELP RECYCLE THE RAIN Plant roots
absorb water Water goes up
the stem Leaf surfaces release
moisture Water returns to
the atmosphere as a vapor
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A RAIN GARDEN IS ALSO KNOWN AS ... Mini wetland Water quality garden Stormwater marsh Planted swale Bio-retention pond Strategically placed puddle
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FUNCTIONS OF A RAIN GARDEN Diverts runoff from paved surfaces
– Driveways, roofs, streets, patios, walks Water moves “sideways” – runs off pavement
Keeps runoff on site– Instead of flowing untreated into streams and
storm sewers
Soil acts like a living sponge– Water moves “down” - into the ground
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BENEFITS OF A RAIN GARDEN Soaks up 30% more runoff than lawns Filters polluted runoff
• sediments, fertilizers, pesticides
Recharges groundwater Helps prevent flooding Provides habitat/food for butterflies, birds Beautifies a low spot in the yard
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POLLUTED RUNOFF HARMS WATER QUALITY
Flows into waterways untreated
Harms fish and wildlife
Kills vegetation Fouls drinking
water supplies Makes recreation
areas unsafe
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EVERY CURB IS A SHORELINE
Grass clippings and leaves are the main source of phosphorus in lakes and streams
Rain gardens act as filters and remove:– 94% of sediment– 43% of phosphorus– 70% of nitrogen
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DESIGN FEATURES ARE FLEXIBLEVariables include: Location Soil Size and shape Plants
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© 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
www.montgomerycountymd.gov/mc/services/dep/greenman/rain.htm
© Fitc
h &
Co
.
LOCATION OF THE RAIN GARDEN
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© 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
GO WITH THE FLOW Observe the drainage pattern in your yard Locate the garden:
– in a natural low spot– near sidewalks, driveways, or other paved surfaces– down-slope from roofs, gutters, downspouts, sump
pump outlet
Direct water into rain garden– channel or buried plastic pipe
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Project and photo by Kestrel Design Group
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Locate the rain garden at least 10 feet from the house, on a gentle slope
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© 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
BIRD’S-EYE VIEW OF RAIN GARDEN LOCATIONS
Gra
ph
ic:
UW
Ext
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ice
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TRADITIONAL PATH OF ROOF RUNOFF
Graphic: Applied Ecological Services, Inc.
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Average runoff from a roof is 24,000 gallons per year
That would fill 600 bathtubs!
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© 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
ROOF RUNOFF DIRECTED TO RAIN GARDEN
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© 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
RAIN GARDENS IN HOME LANDSCAPES
In a back yard catching runoff from the garage
In a front yard catching runoff from a downspout
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© 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
THE SOIL MUST DRAIN! A rain garden is NOT a pond. Percolation test:
– fill a 6-inch-deep hole with water– should drain within 24 hours– if not, don’t put a rain garden there– or amend soil
“Rain garden soil mix”– 50-60% sand, 20-30% topsoil, 20-30a% compost
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© 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
HOW BIG? No standard size Rule of thumb: 1/3 of drainage area
– e.g., 170 sq. ft. (10’ x 17’) garden for 500 sq. ft. of drainage area
Factors include slope, soil type, distance from runoff point
Even a small rain garden is beneficial
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CALCULATING DRAINAGE AREA Area of roof
going to down spout
Length of house 100 feet Width of house 20 feet L X W = 2000 sq ft 2000 sq ft ÷ 4 =
500 sq ft draining to the rain garden
Width
Length
Graphic: UW Extension Service
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© 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
DESIGNING THE RAIN GARDEN Call Gopher State One: 800-252-1166 Outline it with rope or hose
curvy shape
Remove sod and dig to desired depth
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© 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
DESIGNING THE RAIN GARDEN Features:
gently sloping sides flat in the deepest spot berm at low end grass filter strip on top edge mulch – shredded bark
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A soil berm acts like a bumper – keeps water from flowing over edge
Photo: UW Extension Publication GWQ037Berm
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RAIN GARDEN COLLECTS PARKING LOT RUNOFF
Photos & design:
Kestrel Design Group
Spray paint outlines the garden shape
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Parking lot runoff
flows into the rain garden instead of into the street
Runoff pools in the garden, then seeps into the ground
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Graphic: UW Extension Publication GWQ037
BIRD’S-EYE VIEW OF A RAIN GARDEN
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LAYOUT FOR A 140-SQ.FT. GARDEN
Graphic: UW Extension Publication GWQ037
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Photos: Mary Nolte
Before
After
Buried pipe connects to downspout
Berm
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PLANTS FOR RAIN GARDENS
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SELECT PERENNIAL PLANTS THAT Tolerate both wet and dry spells
– plants that like wet feet in deepest part e.g.: Blue flag iris, marsh milkweed, big bluestem,
sedges, red-twigged dogwood, buttonbush
Tolerate de-icing salts (if near roads) Match up with soil and light conditions
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NATIVE PLANTS HAVE ADVANTAGES
Adapted to the climate and native pests
Deep rooted– long roots make
channels in the soil for water to follow
Havens for butterflies, birds, beneficials
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PRAIRIE PLANTS HAVE DEEP ROOTS
Graphic: Conservation Design Forum Inc.
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RAIN GARDENS IN MAPLEWOOD, MN INSTEAD OF CURBS AND GUTTERS
Photo: City of Maplewood
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© 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
SUN GARDENS
Photos: City of Maplewood
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GARDEN FOR LIGHT SHADE
Photo: City of Maplewood
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Shrubs: Annabelle Hydrangea American Highbush
Cranberry Anthony Waterer SpireaPerennials: Marsh Milkweed Stello d’Oro Daylily
AN EASY SHRUB GARDEN
Photo: City of Maplewood
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MAINTENANCE Pull weeds (esp. the 1st year) Water ~3 x a week until established
– also during a dry spells
Mulch – shredded hardwood won’t float away
Cut back or mow down
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WHAT ABOUT MOSQUITOES? A rain garden is not a pond No standing water between rainfalls Mosquitoes need at least 7 days in
standing water to hatch– will not survive if wetland dries out in less than
a week
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© 2011 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.
ESTIMATED COST AND PLANTS NEEDED Do-it-yourselfers:
– about $3 to $5/sq. ft.
Professionals: – about $10 - $12/sq.ft
Plants needed for 300 sq. ft. garden– 100 for wet zones – 200 for upland zones
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Shallow saucer shape Strategic location Plants match soil and
moisture levels Soil drains Size appropriate for
yard and drainage area
SUMMARY
Photo: Mary Nolte
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