1 2 nd national symposium 3 rd -5 th october, agartala system of rice intensification in andhra...
TRANSCRIPT
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2nd National Symposium 3rd -5th October, Agartala
System of Rice Intensification in Andhra Pradesh
Department of Agriculture
Andhra Pradesh
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General scenario of rice Rice is the most important food crop of India, and it
occupies 23.3% of gross cropped area of the country.
Rice contributes 43% of total food grains production.
AP stands 6th in area, 3rd in production, and 2nd in
productivity and contributes nearly 12% of the national
rice production.
AP farmers grow rice annually in an area of 3.98 M Ha
in 22 districts.
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Need for SRI
• Depletion of water resources
• Stagnating rice productivity
• Growing importance of organic agriculture
• Increasing production costs
• Need best utilization of family labour for small and marginal farmers.
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Six key principles of SRI• 1. Young-aged seedlings• 2. Careful single seedling transplanting• 3. Wider spacing• 4. Water management• 5. Weeding• 6. Compost/organic manuring
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SRI technology uses:SRI technology uses:
• Less water
• Less seed (2 kg/ac)
• Fewer plants per unit area (25 x 25 cm)
• Less chemical fertilizers
• More organic manures
• Less pesticides
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Tillering is greatly increased:Tillering is greatly increased:
30 tillers per plant are fairly easy to achieve
50 tillers per plant are quite attainable
With really good use of SRI, individual plants can have 100 fertile tillers or even more. Why?
Because there is no set-back to plant growth thanks to early and careful transplanting and no die-back of roots
Maximum tillering occurs concurrently with panicle initiation
With SRI, a positive correlation is found between the number of panicles per plant and number of grains per panicle
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Conventional method
SRI method
Seed rate 25kg/acre 2kg/acre
Nursery area 5 cents/acre 1 cent/acre
Age of seedlings 30 days(5-6 leaves) 8-12 days(2 leaves)
Spacing 15 cm x 10 cm 25 cm x 25 cm
Plants/hill 3-4 1
Hills/ sq.m 33 16
Weeding Manual/chemical Mechanical
Water management Continuous inundation
Keep soil moist till panicle initiation
stage
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Benefits of SRIBenefits of SRI
1. Higher yields – of both grain and straw
2. Reduced duration of crop cycle (by 10-15 days)
3. Less chemical inputs
4. Less water requirement
5. Less chaffy grain (%)
6. Grain weight increased without change in grain size
7. Higher head rice recovery rate
8. Withstands cyclonic gales
9. Soil health improves through biological activity
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Increase in yield by 26.68% Reduction in cost of cultivation
Lower seed rate
Less use of fertilizers and pesticides
Fewer non-filled grains
More grain weight
More rice recovery
Non-lodging
Harvest early by 10 days
Observations in these demonstrations
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Action Plan for 2007-08 :
Kharif 2007 - Rs. 91.945 lakhs
Incentive of Rs. 3500/- per acre demonstration
Component Total cost (Rs) Subsidy allowed (Rs)
Application of vermicompost
(1 ton/acre)
4000-00 1000-00 (25% subsidy)
Supply of cono-weeders and markers
3000-00 2250-00 ( 75% subsidy)
Erection of demonstration board
250-00 250-00 (full cost )
Total 7250-00 3500-00
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Year Rice area covered in Ha.(in 000)
Rice area covered inSRI cultivation in Ha.
Kharif Rabi Total Kharif Rabi Total
2003-04 2,109 866 2,975 28 190 218
2004-05 2,215 871 3,086 240 2,451 2,691
2005-06 2,526 1,456 3,982 1,127 6,306 7,433
2006-07 2,641 1,337 3,978 3,061 2,480 5,541
SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION( SRI ) SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION( SRI ) CULTIVATION PARTICULARS, CULTIVATION PARTICULARS, 2003-04 TO 2006-07 2003-04 TO 2006-07
IN ANDHRA PRADESHIN ANDHRA PRADESH
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Year Season Number ofDemon-stration
plots organised
Yield inSRI methodsPaddy kg/ha
Yield inconventional
methodsPaddy/kg ha
Yield advantage
Paddy kg/ ha
Percentage SRI increase in yield over conventional
methods
2003-04 Kharif 69 8,358 4,887 3,471 41.5
Rabi 476 7,917 5,479 2,438 31.8
2004-05 Kharif 599 7,310 5,561 1,749 24
Rabi 311 7,310 5,777 1,533 21
2005-06 Kharif 2,864 7,476 5,451 2,025 27
Rabi 12,277 7,390 5,620 1,770 24
2006-07 Kharif 7,653 6,724 5,005 1,719 25.6
Rabi 6,201 6,830 5,558 1,272 18.6
Productivity recorded under SRI demonstrations
Average increase in yield – 26.68%Average increase in yield – 26.68%
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No clear specifications regarding the designs of markers
and weeders most suitable under different soil types
Labourers are facing difficulty to carry out the SRI
practices, particularly in weeding with present-designed
weeder.
Farmers are facing operational difficulties to adopt SRI in
larger areas.
There is no specific recommendation of percentage of
water saving by adopting SRI technology.
CONSTRAINTS IN ADOPTION OF SRI
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Seed Village concept should be encouraged with SRIMass media can be utilized for wide publicityCapacity-building of farmers, tenant farmers, extension
staff, NGOs, and labourers is needed.Studies on varietal trails should be conducted with SRIFormulating location-specific package for SRIDesigning of mechanized weeder suitable for different soilsSupply of suitable mechanized weeders and markers on
90% subsidySupply of paddy puddler and levelers on 75% subsidyIntensive training for labourers who are involved in SRI
SUGGESTIONS FOR SCALING UP SRI METHOD
Cont….
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Supply of recommended chemical fertilisers on 50% subsidy and vermicompost on 75% subsidy to SRI farmers
Supply of knapsack hand compression sprayers on 75% subsidy to SRI farmers
Organising of field trips and exposure visits
Supply of green manure seeds on 75% subsidy Supply of power tillers on 50% subsidy
Research on saving of water in SRI technology
Research on uptake of nutrients in SRI technology
SUGGESTIONS FOR SCALING UP SRI METHOD