1 2 music in the temple & nt: style & instrumentation chapter 14 people in the presence of...

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Music in the

Temple & NT: Style & Instrumentation

chapter 14

People in the Presence of God

Music in the

Temple & NT: Style & Instrumentation

chapter 14

People in the Presence of God

©2010 Barry Liesch Biola University, La Mirada CA©2010 Barry Liesch Biola University, La Mirada CA

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Image of musicians today ... derived from Bands, Rock n Roll

Image of musicians today ... derived from Bands, Rock n Roll

Sexually promiscuousSexually promiscuous DrugsDrugs UndisciplinedUndisciplined RebelliousRebellious Garish extremes (dress, language)Garish extremes (dress, language)

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Question Question

#1#1

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How were Levitical How were Levitical musicians regardedmusicians regarded

in OT?in OT?

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Levitical musicians

Highly regardedLevitical musicians

Highly regarded Intelligent Intelligent 2 Chron 30:222 Chron 30:22

Hezekiah: that was an intelligent serviceHezekiah: that was an intelligent service Trustworthy Trustworthy Neh 11:17,22; 13:12-13Neh 11:17,22; 13:12-13

Chosen to distribute titheChosen to distribute tithe Disciplined Disciplined 2 Chron 29:342 Chron 29:34

Washed more scrupulously than priestsWashed more scrupulously than priests Capable Capable 2 Chron 34:12-132 Chron 34:12-13

Supervised rebuilding of walls Supervised rebuilding of walls Poet/musiciansPoet/musicians

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Question Question

#2#2

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What was music like in OT?What was music like in OT?

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What was music like in OT?What was music like in OT? Was there a “sacred” style? Was there a “sacred” style?

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Was Hebrew music unique?Was Hebrew music unique?

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What was their singing like?What was their singing like?

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What was their singing like?What was their singing like?

How did their song function?How did their song function?

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Israel went to school with the CanaanitesIsrael went to school with the Canaanites

Followed styles of neighborsFollowed styles of neighbors Psalms not unique literary formPsalms not unique literary form Temple music traced to Canaanite patternsTemple music traced to Canaanite patterns

Gave musicians as tribute moneyGave musicians as tribute money Hebrews knew styles of their neighborsHebrews knew styles of their neighbors

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No style is intrinsically “sacred”No style is intrinsically “sacred”

Their music --> different from oursTheir music --> different from ours No scales like oursNo scales like ours

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Their music --> different from oursTheir music --> different from ours No scales like oursNo scales like ours No harmonyNo harmony

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Their music --> different from oursTheir music --> different from ours No scales like oursNo scales like ours No harmonyNo harmony No rhythmic metersNo rhythmic meters

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Their music --> different from oursTheir music --> different from ours No scales like oursNo scales like ours No harmonyNo harmony No rhythmic metersNo rhythmic meters No notation No notation

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Their music --> different from oursTheir music --> different from ours No scales like oursNo scales like ours No harmonyNo harmony No rhythmic metersNo rhythmic meters No notation No notation Yet God accepted it!Yet God accepted it!

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Their music --> different from oursTheir music --> different from ours No scales like oursNo scales like ours No harmonyNo harmony No rhythmic metersNo rhythmic meters No notation No notation Yet God accepted it!Yet God accepted it!

Styles (Styles (RelativeRelative) Theology () Theology (AbsoluteAbsolute))

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What was their singing style like?What was their singing style like?

Reliance on memory, promptingReliance on memory, promptingText probably not readily availableText probably not readily available

LitaniesLitaniesLeader recites, people repeat short formulaLeader recites, people repeat short formula

““His love endures forever” (Ps 118, 136)His love endures forever” (Ps 118, 136)

Antiphonal alternationsAntiphonal alternationsMoses vs Miriam (Ex 15:21)Moses vs Miriam (Ex 15:21)

Levitical singers vs People (Ps 20, 121)Levitical singers vs People (Ps 20, 121)

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What was their Psalm structure like typically?What was their Psalm structure like typically?

Opening declaration: Opening declaration: I will give thanksI will give thanks

Reason for Praise: Reason for Praise: Because He is faithfulBecause He is faithful

Dilemma faced: Dilemma faced: Surrounded by enemiesSurrounded by enemies

Deliverance: Deliverance: He heard my prayerHe heard my prayer

Fullsome Praise: Fullsome Praise: Blessed be the LordBlessed be the Lord

Encouragement: Encouragement: Seek the Lord Seek the Lord

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What functions did Psalms have?What functions did Psalms have?

To give thanksTo give thanks

To pay vowsTo pay vows

To confess sinTo confess sin

To proclaim faithTo proclaim faith

To convey God’s GloryTo convey God’s Glory

To lament of life’s situationsTo lament of life’s situations

To protest/question why God is absentTo protest/question why God is absent

To seek renewal To seek renewal

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Question Question

#3#3

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Were instruments Were instruments

used for worship used for worship

in the NT church?in the NT church?

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No instruments mentioned…why?No instruments mentioned…why?

Paul planted home churchesPaul planted home churches Groups of 20-50 meeting in homesGroups of 20-50 meeting in homes Argument from silenceArgument from silence

Early Church followed synagogueEarly Church followed synagogue Rabbis banned instrumentsRabbis banned instruments So Christian Jews banned instrumentsSo Christian Jews banned instruments

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Why did Rabbis ban them?Why did Rabbis ban them?

Threat of Greek cultureThreat of Greek culture pervasive influence pervasive influence Greek instrument names, parts, tuningsGreek instrument names, parts, tunings

Association with temple orgiesAssociation with temple orgies flutes accompanied sexual orgiesflutes accompanied sexual orgies panpipes imitated serpent songspanpipes imitated serpent songs

Association with wild stylesAssociation with wild styles trumpets --> war calls in “wildest terms”trumpets --> war calls in “wildest terms”

Rabbis Rabbis horrifiedhorrified

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Early Church Fathers

Also ban instrumentsEarly Church Fathers

Also ban instruments

Accept vocal musicAccept vocal music Denounce instrumentsDenounce instruments Invective Invective surprisinglysurprisingly strong strong

Lasts 300 yrsLasts 300 yrs Tertullian, Basil, ChrysostomTertullian, Basil, Chrysostom

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The Feel of Life:Restrict InstrumentsThe Feel of Life:Restrict Instruments

Synagogue banned instrumentsSynagogue banned instruments

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Synagogue banned instrumentsSynagogue banned instruments They have lyre and harp, timbrel They have lyre and harp, timbrel

and flute and wine at their feasts; and flute and wine at their feasts; but they do not regard the deeds but they do not regard the deeds of the Lordof the Lord . .

Isa 5:12Isa 5:12

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Synagogue banned instrumentsSynagogue banned instruments They have lyre and harp, timbrel They have lyre and harp, timbrel

and flute and wine at their feasts; and flute and wine at their feasts; but they do not regard the deeds of but they do not regard the deeds of the Lordthe Lord . . Isa 5:12Isa 5:12

Whoever drinks to the Whoever drinks to the accompaniment of the 4 instruments accompaniment of the 4 instruments brings 5 punishments to the world.brings 5 punishments to the world. Rabbi JohananRabbi Johanan

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Church Fathers accept vocal musicChurch Fathers accept vocal music

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Church Fathers accept vocal musicChurch Fathers accept vocal music Church Fathers denounce instrumentsChurch Fathers denounce instruments

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““The flute belongs to those The flute belongs to those superstitious men who run to superstitious men who run to idolatry.”idolatry.” Clement (200)Clement (200)

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““The flute belongs to those The flute belongs to those superstitious men who run to superstitious men who run to idolatry.”idolatry.” Clement (200)Clement (200)

““Where the aulos is, there, by no Where the aulos is, there, by no means, is Christ.”means, is Christ.” John Chrysostom (375)John Chrysostom (375)

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ChrysostomChrysostom

Where are they who give Where are they who give themselves to devilish choirs, and themselves to devilish choirs, and harlot’s songs, and sit in theatres? harlot’s songs, and sit in theatres? I am ashamed [of them]I am ashamed [of them]

But here [in the church] the grace But here [in the church] the grace of the Spirit pours forth, using of the Spirit pours forth, using instead of flute or lyre or pipes, instead of flute or lyre or pipes, the lips of saints.the lips of saints.

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Clement of AlexandriaClement of Alexandria

We make use of one instrument We make use of one instrument [the voice]…and no longer the [the voice]…and no longer the trumpet, the tympanum and the trumpet, the tympanum and the aulos…. The irregular movements aulos…. The irregular movements of auloi, choruses, dances, of auloi, choruses, dances, Egyptian clappers and other such Egyptian clappers and other such playthings become altogether playthings become altogether indecent and uncouth. indecent and uncouth.

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Clement of AlexandriaClement of Alexandria

In truth these instruments In truth these instruments are to be banished from the are to be banished from the sober symposium…sober symposium…

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Augustine (400) more mediatingAugustine (400) more mediating We must not shun music because We must not shun music because

of the superstition of the of the superstition of the heathen if we are able to snatch heathen if we are able to snatch from it anything useful to the from it anything useful to the understanding of the Holy understanding of the Holy Scriptures.Scriptures.

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AugustineAugustine

I used to be more fascinated by I used to be more fascinated by the pleasures of sound than the pleasures of sound than smell. I was enthralled by them, smell. I was enthralled by them, but you [God] broke my bonds but you [God] broke my bonds and set me free…I still find and set me free…I still find enjoyment in the music of hymns, enjoyment in the music of hymns, but I do not enjoy it so much that but I do not enjoy it so much that I cannot tear myself away.I cannot tear myself away.

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AugustineAugustine

I find it difficult to assign it I find it difficult to assign it [music] to its proper place. For [music] to its proper place. For sometimes I treat it with more sometimes I treat it with more honor that it deserves. When honor that it deserves. When they are sung, these sacred they are sung, these sacred words stir my heart to greater words stir my heart to greater religious fervor and kindle in religious fervor and kindle in me a more ardent flame of piety me a more ardent flame of piety than if they were not sung.than if they were not sung.

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AugustineAugustine

But I ought not to allow my But I ought not to allow my mind to be paralyzed by mind to be paralyzed by the gratification of the the gratification of the senses, which often lead senses, which often lead me astray. For the senses me astray. For the senses are not content to take are not content to take second place…second place…

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AugustineAugustine

So I waver So I waver between the danger between the danger that lies in gratifying the that lies in gratifying the senses and the benefits which…senses and the benefits which…can accrue from singing. I am can accrue from singing. I am inclined to approve the custom inclined to approve the custom of singing in church in order of singing in church in order that by indulging the ears, that by indulging the ears, weaker spirits may be inspired weaker spirits may be inspired with feelings of devotion.with feelings of devotion.

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AugustineAugustine

Yet when I find the singing Yet when I find the singing itself more moving than the itself more moving than the truth it conveystruth it conveys, , I confess I confess

this is a this is a grievous sin, grievous sin, and and at those times I would prefer at those times I would prefer not to hear the singer.not to hear the singer.

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Also ban instrumentsbut...


Also ban instrumentsbut...

Flute/Aulos highly regarded in OT Flute/Aulos highly regarded in OT How could they forget that?How could they forget that?

Used in temple ‘til 70ADUsed in temple ‘til 70AD Appear in book of Revelation Appear in book of Revelation

Guilt by association?Guilt by association?

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If instruments had not become If instruments had not become

associated withassociated with

pagan worship & debaucherypagan worship & debauchery

their use would never their use would never

have been questionedhave been questioned

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Church Fathers influential!Church Fathers influential! Instrumental music does not Instrumental music does not

flower in West until 1600 ADflower in West until 1600 AD

Bad associations --> Bad associations --> powerful!powerful!

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Thought provokersThought provokers

Asaph was a percussionistAsaph was a percussionist Harps were like guitarsHarps were like guitars Pope banned piano as unfit (1904)Pope banned piano as unfit (1904) Strings belong in the beer hallsStrings belong in the beer halls Hymns in the Figi IslandsHymns in the Figi Islands Jamaican RhumbaJamaican Rhumba Look to the lyricsLook to the lyrics

1 2 music in the temple & nt: style & instrumentation chapter 14 people in the presence of...

Documents

sacred style

hebrew music unique

notation slide

language slide

singing style

mirada ca slide

style instrumentation

rhythmic meters