1. 2 3 economic censuses in mexico the national institute of statistics and geography (instituto...
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ECONOMIC CENSUSES IN MEXICO
The National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, INEGI) is the responsible of carrying out Economic Censuses in Mexico. The latest ones are from 2009.
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USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUS DATA
National Economic Census in Mexico is the most complete source of economic information about the Mexican economy in a given moment.
The valuable information obtained through the economic census, about every economic unit in Mexico, is the main source of economic information for the National Statistics and Geography Information System, and gives the basis to development of many other economic measuring: economic surveys, GDP, Input Output table, among other.
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USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUS DATA
Census data allows:
•Planning public economic policies.
•Doing mark research, academic research, etc.
•But mainly provides data for every level of geographical disaggregation, for each of the more than 950 NAICS activities, and for a large number of items included in the questionnaires.
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GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE OF EACH ECONOMIC SECTOR
Manufacturing, commercial activities and services
•Urban areas: all establishments are included in the census.
•Rural areas: we use a probabilistic sample (in order to complete the global vision) .
•Large establishments are all covered, even if they are located out of the urban areas.
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GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE OF EACH ECONOMIC SECTOR
Rest of sectors (fishing, mining, electricity and water, building activities, transportation, and financial services)
•All establishments are covered, even if they are located out of the urban areas.
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GENERAL COLLECTING METHOD
March-July
2009
March-July
2009
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VERIFICATION AND DIRECTORIES PREPARATION. 2008
• Every large establishment was visited to verify:
Identification data.
Person who could give the information for the census questionnaires.
Mean to return the questionnaires.
• A “sample” questionnaire was delivered in advance for the large establishments to prepare the data they would be required to provide in 2009.
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VERIFICATION AND DIRECTORIES PREPARATION. 2008
• Directory set up for all large establishments. It was called the SEG Directory.
• The same was done for building (construction) and transportation sectors: the TC Directory.
• Another directory was prepared for fishing and mining sectors: the PM Directory.
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COLLECTING DATA. 2009
In 2009 the census phase is taking place (and also the data processing work has begun).
Five field working groups were created for the data recollection, in order to complete the work in all economic sectors; four of those groups are decentralized, making good use of the offices that INEGI has in each state (Mexico is divided into 32 states), and the fifth one is centralized.
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COLLECTING DATA.
Field working groups
PYMES Group. Between March 1st and May 15th of the current year, this group made a total territorial sweep of urban zones, covering square block by square block, knocking on all exterior doors and applying a unique questionnaire (the basic questionnaire) in all the establishments, except those which were shown in the SEG Directory or in any of the other directories set up in 2008. Approximately 14000 people (called “censors”) were contracted for 3 months in order to apply the questionnaires. They received training during 2 weeks. Among other places, a supervisor was contracted for each 5 censors.
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COLLECTING DATA.
Field working groups.
The basic questionnaire was applied in household where an economic activity is carried out. The PYMES Group based its work on the use of a handheld computer (Personal Digital Assistant, PDA), which included digitalized cartography.
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COLLECTING DATA.
Field working groups
SEG Group. In this moment, this group is collecting the information of all those economic units in the SEG Directory prepared in 2008. They are also collecting data of those establishments which, considering its size, were transferred to them from the PYMES Group (those which was not considered in the SEG Directory). Unlike the PYMES Group, SEG Group is not working with a PDA, but with questionnaires in paper (one different questionnaire for each sector), questionnaires in Excel or offering to the establishments the option to respond by Internet.
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COLLECTING DATA.
Field working groups
TC Group. In this moment, also this group is collecting the information of all those economic units in the TC Directory prepared in 2008. They are also collecting data of those establishments which, considering its activity (if it is transportation or construction), were transferred to them from the PYMES Group (and was not considered in the original TC Directory). They work with questionnaires in paper (one different questionnaire for each sector) and also offering to the establishments the option to respond by Internet.
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COLLECTING DATA.
Field working groups
PM Group. This group collected the data from all economic units which main activity is fishing or mining, or water transportation, making use of the PM Directory prepared in 2008, and making use also of the establishments transferred from the PYMES Group. In the case of fishing units the original directory was completed with other strategies, like covering all places denominated arriving points of boats and fishermen, all along seaboards. They applied questionnaire in paper and, like the other groups, offered the option to respond by Internet.
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COLLECTING DATA.
Field working groups
Central Offices Group. Through agreements with some specific institutions and enterprises, the central area of INEGI, who is responsible of the whole economic census development, gets data from those institutions so large or complicated that decentralized offices can’t take the responsibility of collecting their data. This is the case of electric industry or financial enterprises, for example.
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PROCESSING DATA
COLLECTION
PYMES Group
RECONSULT
CONCENTRATESIN LAPTOP
CLASSIFICATION
CONCENTRATES IN CENTRAL WEB
RESULTS
SEPARATESVALIDATION
INTEGRAL ANALYSIS
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PROCESSING DATA
Fishing-Mining, SEG, Transportation-Construction Groups
COLLECTION
FOLLOW-UP AND CONTROL
DATA BASEINTEGRATION
VALIDATION
RECONSULTRESULTSINTEGRALANALYSIS
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INNOVATIONS IN THE 2009 ECONOMIC CENSUS
PDAPDA
Advantages of the use of the PDA:
•The use of digitalized cartography in field. •Homogeneity in the interview’s development.•To incorporate a system which looks after the consistency of the outstanding data.•To avoid paper and manual data validation, and a large number of field consultations.
All the aforementioned translated into great savings in terms of time and money.
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INNOVATIONS IN THE 2009 ECONOMIC CENSUS
.The use of digitalized cartography in field allowed:
• The automated registration of the cartographic update, as well as the automatic designation of the geographic reference codes and the street names.
• The display of the streets which limit the square blocks and signal their direction.
• The graphic depiction of establishments, block by block, when census results are presented.
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INNOVATIONS IN THE 2009 ECONOMIC CENSUS
Simplification of the classification process:
• In the past, the censors classified based on a manual classification process.
• This time, the censors selected, in the PDA, an option among a list of the most common activities, and an automated system assigned the code of the corresponding activity.
• For the rest of economic activities, whose classification is harder, a specialized group in the Central Offices is carrying out the classification process.
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INNOVATIONS IN THE 2009 ECONOMIC CENSUS
• Massive promotion.
• The chance to provide data by Internet.
• Uniforms, identification and a official letter for the censors.
• Free telephone number to verify the identity of the censors and to solve any doubt.
• The chance to verify the identity of the censor by checking out in Internet the censor’s photo and identification data.
Strategy to increase the informants’ trust
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INNOVATIONS IN THE 2009 ECONOMIC CENSUS
Anticipated delivery of sample questionnaires
In 2008 we delivered to the large establishments of manufacture, commerce and services sectors, “sample” questionnaires, for they to know the type of data we were going to ask in 2009 as a part of the awareness campaign of the census project.
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