1 13-1 mcgraw-hill/irwin © 2003 the mcgraw-hill companies, inc., all rights reserved
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McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
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DEVELOPMENT
PART
FOUR
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DevelopmentFigure IV.1
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CHAPTER THIRTEEN
DESIGN
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What Is Design?
• Has been defined as “the synthesis of technology and human needs into manufacturable products.”
• In practice, design can mean many things, ranging from styling to ergonomics to setting final product specifications.
• Design has been successfully used in a variety of ways to help achieve new product objectives.
• One thing it is not: “prettying up” a product that is about to manufactured!
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6 13-6 Contributions of Design to the New Products Process Figure 13.1
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Range of Leading Design Applications
Purpose of Design
Aesthetics
Ergonomics
Function
Manufacturability
Servicing
Disassembly
Item Being Designed
Goods
Services
Architecture
Graphic arts
Offices
Packages
Figure 13.2
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Product Architecture
• The process by which a customer need is developed into a product design.
• Solid architecture improves speed to market, and reduces the cost of changing the product once it is in production.
• Product components are combined into “chunks,” functional elements are assigned to the chunks, and the chunks are interrelated with each other.
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Product Architecture IllustrationFigure 13.3
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Product Architecture and Product Platforms
• Product architecture development is related to establishing a product platform.
• If chunks or modules can be replaced easily within the product architecture, “derivative products” can be made from the same basic platform as technology, market tastes, or manufacturing skills change.
• Examples: 200 versions of the Sony Walkman from four platforms.
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Assessment Factors for an Industrial DesignFigure 13.4
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Prototype Development
• Comprehensive Prototype: complete, fully-functioning, full-size product ready to be examined by customers.
• Focused Prototype: not fully functioning or developed, but designed to examine a limited number of performance attributes or features.– Examples: a crude, working prototype of an electric
bicycle; a foam or wood bicycle to determine customers’ reactions to the proposed shape and form.
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Model of the Product Design ProcessFigure 13.6
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Improving the Interfaces in the Design Process
• Co-location
• Digital co-location
• Global teams
• Produceability engineer
• Upstream partnering with vendors
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Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
• Greatly accelerates the design step and allows assessment of multiple possible designs without building expensive prototypes.
• Design for Manufacturability (DFM): search for ways to minimize manufacturing costs.
• Design for Assembly (DFA): search for ways to ease assembly and manufacture.
• Rational for DFM: A seemingly trivial detail in design phase might have huge manufacturing cost consequences later on!
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Some of the Uses of CAD in Auto Industry
• Determining fit of subassemblies: does the radio/CD player protrude too far into the engine area?
• Facilitating “decking” of cars (attaching the powertrain to the upper body): do all the pieces fit together perfectly?
• Crashworthiness: can we modify any aspects of the car’s design to improve its ability to protect the passengers in a crash?
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New Developments in CAD
• Stereolithography (rapid prototyping)
• Mechanical computer-aided engineering (MCAE)