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Slide 2 1 Slide 3 1.1 Why Study Psychology? Psychology provides tools to help us gain insight into our own behavior, as well as our relationships with others. Definition of Psychology: the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. 2 Slide 4 Psychological Needs are things like love, comfort, security Physiological Needs are physical Needs are things you have to have like food, water, sleep. 3 Slide 5 1. Description 2. Explanation 3. Prediction 4. Influence 4 Slide 6 Learning about psychology can help you gain a better understanding of your own behavior. knowledge about how psychologists study human and animal behavior. practical applications for enriching your life. Example: The child throws a fit every time he goes to Wal-Mart and his mom says no by the candy aisle. fotosearch.com 5 Slide 7 moisiadis.com 6 Slide 8 By accumulating knowledge we are able to predict what people or animals will do or think in certain situations and predict future behaviors. 7 Slide 9 Scientist seek to influence behavior in helpful ways. knychfamily.blogspot.com Chains like Wal-mart have done these scientific observations and place candy as you check out because when your kid is screaming sometimes it is easier to just buy the candy bar. 8 Slide 10 Basic Science: Research Ex. Research on drug effects on the brain. Applied Science: putting that research to use for a purpose Example: Using research on how drugs effect the brain to come up with a new antidepressant to help people suffering from depression. There are two types of science that influences psychology. 9 Slide 11 10 Slide 12 Empirical Science scientific method The scientific method is used to reduce errors and biases. theory A theory is a proposed explanation. In Psychology we will be studying different theories. Hypothesis Hypothesis is an educated guess. 11 Slide 13 Greek for False Science Examples: Horoscopes, Astrology, Phrenology scienceandsociety.emory.edu 24medialabs.com 12 Slide 14 Aristotle (384-322 BCE.) Started asking how the mind and the body were related?? Were the separate or related?? Are ideas inborn or is the mind a blank slate filled by experience? en.wikipedia.org 13 Slide 15 Pioneer philosopher. He was brilliant. Descartes also made great strides in geometry. Great scientific mind, was asked and asked again by the Queen Christinia of Sweden to come teach her philosophy. He forcibly went and caught ammonia while waiting for her and died. plato.stanford.edu 14 Slide 16 Rene Descartes' Illustration of inputs passed on by the sensory organs to the epiphysis in the brain and from there to the immaterial spirit. Dualism: the concept of the mind and body are separate and distinct. Descartes held that, unlike humans, animals could be reductively explained as automata De homines 1622) 15 Slide 17 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lEr8hnvzeHU 16 Slide 18 Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Theory of natural selection (1859) Darwins theory encouraged scientific inquiry 17 Slide 19 Okay Psychology is going to go through a transition. It actually goes through several transitions to brace for the ride. (Epcot) 18 Slide 20 3 Things you need to remember about your daddy: 1. Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory in Germany. 2. Changed psychology from a philosophy to a science. 3. Studied introspection. Introspection means looking within yourself. How do you feel about this or that. How does that rose make you feel? 19 Slide 21 William James (1842-1910) Broke down consciousness to basic thoughts. Introspection - self-observation of ones own conscious experiences Investigate the function, or purpose of consciousness rather than its structure Leaned toward applied work (natural surroundings) Environment Structuralism vs. Functionalism Wilhelm Wundt 20 Slide 22 21 Slide 23 Phrenology led scientists to study the bumps on the head to determine human behavior Phrenology is considered a pseudoscience (False Science) sparkmuseum.com 22 Slide 24 Inherited Traits Sir Francis Galton said that heredity influences a persons abilities, character, and behavior. For example, if your parents are mentally challenged then you should be sterilized so that you dont have mentally challenged children. His cousin was Charles Darwin, began eugenics movement. indyweek.com 23 Slide 25 alexbinetti.wordpress.com Gestalt Psychology Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) The whole is different than the sum of its parts. 24 Slide 26 This is bcuseae the huammn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the word as a wlohe. Amzanig, huh? Slide 27 What is it?? We like to fill in the gaps so that we see objects as wholes. 26 Slide 28 New Transition Contemporary Approaches: These are the ones we will use the rest of the semester!! Yes write them down!!!In fact put the list under your pillow at night so that you can dream about them and then unconsciously you will remember them. This is also how the book is broken up into. 27 Slide 29 Contemporary Psychology Psychologys Perspectives A lot depends on your viewpoint You have 6 to remember: 1.Psychoanalysis 2.Cognitive 3.Behaviorial 4.Biological 5.Socio-cultural 6.Humanistic On your test you will have to write a Paragraph about each one and include a founding father. 28 Slide 30 Psychoanalytic Psychology Study of unconscious motives and conflicts that determine behavior. Unconscious are motives that you are not aware of. For instance if someone with brown hair rejects you, then you might not talk to people with that color hair. Conscious are motives that you are aware of. 29 Slide 31 Psychoanalytic Psychology Study of unconscious motives and conflicts that determine behavior. Freud used the technique called free association He would say a word and you would say the first word that popped in your head and he would then analysis what is going on in your unconscious. 30 Slide 32 Unconscious expressed in dreams & slips of the tongue 31 Slide 33 sciencedaily.com Cognitive Approach Cognitive Psychologists return to the study of learning, memory, perception, language, development & problem solving Example: Is your boyfriend dumping you traumatic or do you just think it is therefore you are depressed? Or..your ability to do math compared to a 5 year old. You can understand abstract thinking that goes along with statistics. Cognition is the mental processes involved in acquiring, processing, storing & using information child-development-guide.com 32 Slide 34 Cognitive Approach 33 Slide 35 Worked in France administering Binets IQ test. Children do not think like adults. Why? Created 4 stages of cognitive ability that accurately explain the behavior of children. Influenced teachers and school system. 34 Slide 36 Biological Approach Focus How the body and brain create emotions, memories, and sensory experiences. Focus How the body and brain create emotions, memories, and sensory experiences. Sample Issues Depression and antidepressants. Problems with thyroids. How are messages transmitted within the body? How is blood chemistry linked with moods and motives? 35 Slide 37 Behavioral Approach Scientific Psychology should focus on observable behavior. John Watson (1878-1958) Ivan Pavlov If you do a trick I will give you a treat. B.F. Skinner 36 Slide 38 37 Slide 39 Begins the school of Behaviorism through his work with dogs and digestion. All behavior is the result of external stimuli. Free will and decision making is ignored. 38 Slide 40 Operant Conditioning- Organisms learn behavior through the consequences of that behavior. Reinforcement vs. Punishment Shaping-learning complex behaviors through learning small steps of that behavior. 39 Slide 41 Social-Cultural Approach Focus How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures. Focus How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures. Sample Issues How are we, as members of different races and nationalities, alike as members of one human family? How do we differ, as products of different social contexts? Why do people sometimes act differently in groups than when alone? 40 Slide 42 Humanistic Approach 41 Carl Rogers believed in client centered therapy Abraham Maslow came up with the Hierarchy of needs You have the potential to be great. Self Actualization. Feel Good approach. Client Centered Therapy Hierarchy of needs. Slide 43 What Causes Behavior?Behavior 42 Slide 44 Fields of Psychology 43 Psychologist is someone who is trained to observe and influence behavior in people. Psychiatrist is a medical doctor that can prescribe medicine. Slide 45 Universities & Colleges 27.2% Elementary/ Secondary Schools 4.2% Hospitals, Counseling, Clinics, etc. 22.3% Business, Government or Consulting 12.1% Independent Practice 33.1% 44