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Roller Cone BitIntroduction and History

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Before Roller Cone Bits

Until internal combustion enginescame in the late 19th century, themain method for drilling rock wasmuscle power of man or animal.Rods were turned by hand, usingclamps attached to the rod. Therope and drop method invented inZigong, China used a steel rod or

piston raised and droppedvertically via a rope.

Slide 2

Ancient Drilling Rigs in Zigong, China

Percussion bits

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2b/ZigongSaltwells.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2b/ZigongSaltwells.jpg

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Before Roller Cone Bits

1845 - Fauvelle invented the rotarydrilling system. It was used in theearly years of the oil industry insome of the oil-producing countriesin Europe. The rotary drillingsystem was in general use in Texasin the early 1900s

Slide 3

Fish tail Bit

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Slide 4

A Little History

1859: Edwin Drakes Well - Titusville, PA

The first successful oil well that was drilled for the solepurpose of finding oil

Struck oil at 70 feet

Peak production was 20 barrels/day

Sold for $20/barrel

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First Roller Cone Bit Patent

Slide 5

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First Roller Cone Bit Patent

Slide 6

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Roller Cone History

1909 - Howard Hughes patentedthe roller cone rock bit (two cones)

1910 - Howard Hughes patentedthe three-cone roller cone rock bit

1925 - Cutting structures withIntermesh invented

Slide 7

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No intermesh vs. Intermesh

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No intermesh vs. Intermesh

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Roller Cone History

1928 - Use of tungsten carbide

hardfacing on bits begins

1939 - Offset roller cone bits firstused

Slide 10

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Roller Cone History

1951 - Tungsten carbide insertsfirst used in roller cone bits

1963 - Sealed bearing roller conebits first used

Slide 11

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Roller Cone History

1996 - Bullet Seal introduced

1996 - Twin seals (Gemini) wereintroduced to improve bearinglife in roller cone bits

Slide 12

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Roller Cone History

1996 - Fully diamond enhancedinserts first used in roller conebits

1999 - Bit designs optimizedthrough computer drilling

simulations introduced

Slide 13

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Roller Cone History

High Impact Resistance TCI

812 916 Dogbone Insert

2000 Tungsten Carbide Inserts with different grades and geometries todrill calcareous formations (SMITH BITS)

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Roller Cone History

2004 New generation of Two-Cone Bits. Using IDEAS to reducevibration signature that was presented in old designs

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Roller Cone History

2008 Combination of carbide grades and insert geometries withimproved hydraulics to drill large holes (16) in hard calcareous

formations (Smith Bits)