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McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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11Human Relations:
A Background
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McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
What is Human Relations?
Human Relations is the skill or ability to work effectively through and with other people.
It means interactions with people. How people deal with each other. How comfortable are the relationships.
The skills that are necessary for good relations with others are the most important skills anyone can learn in life.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Importance of Human Relations Skills
Other reasons for studying human relations include the following:
Human rights The global marketplace Emphasis on people as human resources Renewed emphasis on working groups Increasing diversity in the workplace
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The Importance of Human Relations Skills: Human Relations
and YouHuman relations skills can help you:
get a job. enjoy your work. be more productive at it. stay there longer, with better chances
for advancement.
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Current Challenges in Human Relations
Increased competition in the workplace Dual-career families Single-parent families and divorce Two generations of dependents
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A Brief History of Human Relations
Reasons for the labor union movement include:
poor human relations between managers and workers.
intolerable working conditions.
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A Brief History of Human Relations:
The Early Years Robert Owen (1771-1858)
Stopped employing young children in his factory.
Encouraged his workforce to stay clean and sober.
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A Brief History of Human Relations:
The Early Years Andrew Ure (1778-1857)
The Philosophy of Manufacturers (1835) Workers should have:
Medical help. Hot tea on a regular basis. Good ventilation. Sick leave.
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A Brief History of Human Relations:
The Early Years Max Weber (1864-1920)
Saw human relations problems as being caused by: Favoritism Nepotism Other unfair practices
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A Brief History of Human Relations:
Human Relations as a Science Today the word bureaucracy often has a
negative connotation. The word is often associated with government red tape and paperwork. Bureaucracy actually started out as a method of improving not only efficiency, but human relations as well.
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A Brief History of Human Relations:
Scientific Management In the early years of the 20th century,
Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) and others began a movement call scientific management. Taylor showed how crucial the human element is in the performance of any organization.
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A Brief History of Human Relations:
Scientific ManagementTaylor’s approach contained two major
features: Managers should carefully select and train workers
for specific tasks. Managers should try to motivate workers to
increase productivity.
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A Brief History of Human Relations:
Frank (1868-1924) and Lillian (1878-1972) Gilbreth Married couple
Industrial engineers and scientific managers Pioneers in time and motion study.
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A Brief History of Human Relations:
Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933) Workers should be allowed to be involved in
decisions affecting them. The workplace is dynamic—always changing. The main job of managers at all levels is to
maintain positive relationships with workers.
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A Brief History of Human Relations:
The Hawthorne Experiment Conducted in part by Elton Mayo (1880-1940) Outcomes:
Workers perform better when someone is paying attention to them.
Relationships that form naturally in the workplace makeup informal organizations.
Recent research shows additionally: Hawthorne workers may have been motivated by fear, as
well.
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A Brief History of Human Relations:
Human Relations and Management Wagner Act of 1935
AKA: National Labor Relations Act Labor unions were gaining power
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A Brief History of Human Relations:
Human Relations and Management Douglas McGregor (1906-1964)
Psychologist Pioneer in individual relations. Created Theory X and Theory Y
Allowed management to understand their influence on employee morale and productivity.
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A Brief History of Human Relations:
Human Relations and Management Total Quality Management
Process emphasis Now referred to as many things, including just
“quality.”
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What Human Relations is Not
Practicing effective human relations means being yourself at your very is best.
It is: NOT a study in understanding human behaviors
to manipulate others. NOT a cure-all. NOT just common sense.
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Areas of Major Emphasis
The study of human relations, in the broadest sense, has two goals: Personal development and growth Satisfying the objectives of the organization
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Areas of Major Emphasis
Areas of Emphasis: Self-esteem Mutual respect Self-awareness and self-disclosure Communication Skills Group dynamics Motivation
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Strategy for Success 1.1:Develop Mutual Respect
1. Develop your self-esteem.2. Develop your self-awareness.3. Develop trust.4. Learn to self-disclose.5. Cultivate mutual respect.
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Strategy for Success 1.2:Build Your Communication Skills
1. Learn to communicate honestly.2. Learn what effective communication is
and how to develop this skill.3. Know what you are communicating to
others by increasing your self-awareness.
4. Know what you are communicating to others by your nonverbal signals.
5. Learn to deal effectively with conflict.
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11End of Chapter 1