09.08.08: epithelium
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Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Cells and Tissues SequenceView additional course materials from Open.Michigan:openmi.ch/med-M1CellsTissuesTRANSCRIPT
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CellsandTissuesSequenceMedicalHistology
Epithelium
Fall,2008
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[Fr.Tissu,woven;L.texo,toweave]
Atissueisanorganizedaggregationofcellsorgroupsofcellsthatfunctioninacoordinatedmannertoperformoneormorespecificfunctions.Tissuescombinetoformlargerfunctionalunits,calledORGANS.Thus,thetissuesarethebasicfunctionalunitsresponsibleformaintainingbodyfunctions.
Tissues
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BASICTISSUES
EpitheliumConnectivetissue
MuscleNervoustissue
Blood
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Epitheliumisacohesivesheetofcellsthat:1.Coverstheexternalsurfaceandlinestheinternalsurfaceofthebody.– Protection(bywithstandingwearandtear,fromhydrationanddehydration)
– Transport(i.e.O2andC02)– SelectiveAbsorption:(Controlthemovementofsubstancesbetweentheoutsideenvironmentandtheinternalcompartmentsinthebody.)
– Secretion(secretorycells)
2.Formsendocrineandexocrinesecretoryglands.
duct
Secretoryportion
Junquueira&Carneiro10thEd.P.82
Junqueira and Carnein 10th Ed. P. 82
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EpithelialliningcellsofSkinIntestine
Multiplelayersofflat(squamous)cells Singlelayeroftall(columnar)cellsMichigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection
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Epithelialcells:1. Formavascularsheetsthatdifferinnumberofcelllayers,shapeofthecells
andstructuralspecializationsofthefree(apical)cellsurface,dependingonthetissuefunction(s).
2. Arestructurallyandfunctionallypolarized:Haveapical,lateralandbasaldomains.3. Areheldtogetherbyseveralspecializations,knownastheintercellular
junctions,andbindtotheunderlyingconnectivetissueviathebasementmembrane(LM)orbasallamina(EM).
4. Arecapableofrenewalandregeneration. non-specializedepithelium-allcells specializedepithelium-stemcells
Ross/Romrell p. 52
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Epithelialcells:1. Formavascularsheetsthatdifferinnumberofcelllayers,shapeofthecells
andstructuralspecializationsofthefree(apical)cellsurface,dependingonthetissuefunction(s).
2. Arestructurallyandfunctionallypolarized:Haveapical,lateralandbasaldomains.3. Areheldtogetherbyseveralspecializations,knownastheintercellular
junctions,andbindtotheunderlyingconnectivetissueviathebasementmembrane(LM)orbasallamina(EM).
4. Arecapableofrenewalandregeneration. non-specializedepithelium-allcells specializedepithelium-stemcells
Ross/Romrell p. 52
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ClassificationofEpithelium
(Pseudostratified)
columnar(Respiratory)
Ross/Romrell p. 53
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PseudostratifiedEpithelium
Kierszenbaum p.6
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Simplesquamousepithelium:endotheliumandmesothelium
Michigan Medical School Histology Slide School Kierszenbaum p.4
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Endothelium/Mesothelium(SimpleSquamousEpithelium)
Source Undetermined
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SimpleCuboidalEpithelium
Michigan Medical School Histology Slide School Kierszenbaum p.4
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SimpleColumnarEpithelium
Michigan Medical School Histology Slide School Kierszenbaum p.4 Source Undetermined
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Simplecolumnarepitheliumliningthegutlumen
lumen
Twolayersofsmoothmuscleon
thewallGray’s Anatomy, wikimedia commons
Michigan Medical School Histology Slide School
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ApicalCellSurfaceSpecializations-1StriatedBorder(Microvilli)
G
G:gobletcell
G
Sources Undetermined
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Microvilli(Coreofactinfilaments)
Darnell et al., Molecular Cell Biology p. 608
Source Undetermined
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ApicalCellSurfaceSpecializations–2CiliaontheRespiratoryEpithelialCells
Kierszenbaum p.6
Verhey. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th Edition.
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Ciliacoreofmicrotubulesin9+2arrangement(axoneme)
cilia
BasalbodiesGobletcells
RespiratoryepitheliumMichigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Source Undetermined
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9+2(Axoneme)
Ross
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Dyneinisresponsibleforthesliding.
Alberts et. Al; p 648
Rossetal.,4thed.P.94
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DyneinDefectsinImmotileCilia
Source Undetermined
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MicrovilliandciliaMicrovilli
Cilia
Sources Undetermined
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StratifiedSquamousEpitheliumnon-keratinizedkeratinized
Kierszenbaum pg 5 Kierszenbaum pg 5
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StratifiedSquamousEpithelium
Non-keratinized Keratinized
Linesesophagus,oralcavity,vagina… Linesthickandthinskin
Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection
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TransitionalEpithelium(urothelium)
Kierszenbaum pg 6
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TransitionalEpithelium(urothelium)
Linestheurinarytract,ureter,bladderandurethra
Source Undetermined
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Epithelialcells:1. Formavascularsheetsthatdifferinnumberofcelllayers,shapeofthecells
andstructuralspecializationsofthefree(apical)cellsurface,dependingonthetissuefunction(s).
2. Arestructurallyandfunctionallypolarized:Haveapical,lateralandbasaldomains3. Areheldtogetherbyseveralspecializations,knownastheintercellular
junctions,andbindtotheunderlyingconnectivetissueviathebasementmembrane(LM)orbasallamina(EM).
4. Arecapableofrenewalandregeneration. non-specializedepithelium-allcells specializedepithelium-stemcells
Ross/Romrell p. 52
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Whatstructuresholdthecellstogetherandattachesthe
epitheliumtotheconnectivetissue?
Ans.Intercellularjunctions
Basementmembrane(basallamina)
Source Undetermined
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Maculaadherens(desmosomes)andIntermediateFilaments
Source Undetermined
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MaculaAdherens(desmosome)
Source Undetermined
Boumphreyfr,WikimediaCommons(adapted)
Desmocollins
CellMembranes
Tonofilaments(Keratin
IntermediateFilaments)
IntercellularSpace
Adhesionplaque
(plakoglobin,desmoplakins)
Cell1 Cell2
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DesmosomesandIntermediateFilamentsDesmosomesserveas:
1.Spotattachmentsitesforadjacentcellmembranes.
2.Anchoringsitesforintermediatefilaments.
Alberts et al., p. 802
Verhey. Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Science 2008
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Basementmembrane(basallamina)
Hemidesmosomesfunctiontoanchorepithelialcellstotheconnectivetissueviabasementmembrane(basallamina).
Source Undetermined Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection
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LossofdesmosomefunctionscauseBlisteringSkinDisorders
Pemphigus:Separationofepidermalcellsfromeachother(acantholysis)causedbylossofdesmosomefunctions.
Bullouspemphigoid:Separationofepidermisfromthedermisduetoblisteringinthebasementmembranecausedbylossofanchoringfilamentsandhemidesmosomes.
Source Undetermined
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IntercellularJunctionsJunctionalComplex
Sources Undetermined
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Zonulaadherens(intermediatejunction)
Darnell, et. al., p.608 Lady of Hats, Wikipedia
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ZonulaadherensMaculaadherens• Intermediatejunction• Adheringjunction• Cadherins• Linkedtoactinfilaments• Adhesionbelt
• Desmosome• Adheringjunction• Cadherins• Linkedtointermediatefilaments• Spotadheringjunction
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ZonulaOccludens(TightJunction)
servesasaSelectivePermeabilityBarrier
Lady of Hats, Wikipedia
Junquueira & Carneiro 10th Ed. P. 82
Source Undetermined
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Zonulaoccludens(tightjunction)
Alberts et. Al, p. 794-5
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Freeze-fracturepreparation
Alberts et al., p. 795
BloomandFawcettp.67
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Nexus(gapJunction)-communicatingjunction
SixConnexinsubunitsassembletoformaConnexon.
Alberts et al., p. 802 Lady of Hats, Wikipedia
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GapJunction
Sources Undetermined
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Epithelialcells:1. Arestructurallyandfunctionallypolarized:Haveapical,lateralandbasaldomains2. Formavascularsheetsthatdifferinnumberofcelllayers,shapeofthecells
andstructuralspecializationsofthefree(apical)cellsurface,dependingonthetissuefunction(s).
3. Areheldtogetherbyseveralspecializations,knownastheintercellularjunctions,andbindtotheunderlyingconnectivetissueviathebasementmembrane(LM)orbasallamina(EM).
4. Arecapableofrenewalandregeneration. non-specializedepithelium-allcells specializedepithelium-stemcells
Ross/Romrell p.52
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EpitheliumTypes-simple&stratified(pseudostratified)ApicalcellsurfacespecializationsMicrovilli-actinfilamentsCilia-microtubules(dyneins)
IntercellularjunctionsZonulaoccludens(tightjunction)-ridgesandgrooves, sealintercellularspaces-SelectivepermeabilitybarrierZonulaadherens-actinfilaments-celltocelladhesionMaculaadherens(desmosome)-intermediatefilaments -attachmentplaque(spot)Hemidesmosome-attachesepitheliumtobasallaminaNexus(gapjunction)-connexons-celltocell communication
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EpithelialcellsformSecretoryGlands
Glands:GroupingsofcellsspecializedforsecretionSecretionistheprocessbywhichsmallmoleculesaretakenupandtransformed,byintracellularbiosynthesis,intoamorecomplexproductthatisthenactivelyreleasedfromthecell.Exocrine(ducts)andendocrine(ductless)glands
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SecretoryEpithelialcells
Source Undetermined
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DevelopmentofEndocrineandExocrineGlands
Junquiera and Carnein, 10th Ed. P. 82
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SecretoryUnitsandGlandularCells
Kim, S.K.
Image of secretory units and glandular
cells removed
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TwoSecretoryPathways
Exocytosis
RegulatedSecretion:Secretorygranulesaccumulateincellsandthegranulecontentisreleasedbyexocytosisuponstimulation.
ConstitutiveSecretion:Thesecretoryproductisnotconcentratedintogranulesbutisreleasedcontinuouslyinsmallvesicles.
Kim, S.K.
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LearningObjectivesAftertoday’ssession,thestudentsareexpectedto:
1. Beabletoclassifyepitheliaandidentifyeachtype.2. Recognizefourtypesofintercellularjunctionsandhemidesmosomesattheelectronmicroscopelevelandknowtheirfunctions.
3. Identifytheapicalspecializationsandknowtheirfunctions.
4. Beabletocorrelatedifferenttypesofepitheliatotheirfunctionsandknowwhereinthebodyeachtypeoccurs.
5. Knowhowspecializedandnon-specializedepithelialcellsarerenewed.
6. Knowhowexocrineandendocrineglandsformandbeabletorecognizesecretorycells.
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AdditionalSourceInformationformoreinformationsee:http://open.umich.edu/wiki/CitationPolicy
Slide 6: Junqueira and Carnein 10th Ed., pg 82
Slide 7: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection
Slide 8: Ross/Romrell p.52
Slide 9: Ross/Romrell p.52
Slide 10: Ross/Romrell p.53
Slide 11: Kierszenbaum p.6
Slide 12: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection; Kierszenbaum p.4
Slide 13: Source Undetermined
Slide 14: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection; Kierszenbaum p.4
Slide 15: Source Undetermined; Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection;
Kierszenbaum p.4
Slide 16: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection; Gray’s Anatomy,
Wikimedia Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray1056.png
Slide 17: Source Undetermined; Source Undetermined
Slide 18: Darnell et al., Molecular Cell Biology p. 608; Source Undetermined
Slide 19: Kierszenbaum p.6; K. Verhey
Slide 20: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection; Source Undetermined
Slide 21: Ross
Slide 22: Rossetal.,4thed.P.94;Ross; Alberts et al., pg 648
Slide 23: Source Undetermined
Slide 24: Source Undetermined; Source Undetermined
Slide 25: Kierszenbaum; Kierszenbaum
Slide 26: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection
Slide 27: Kierszenbaum, pg 6
Slide 28: Source Undetermined
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Slide 29: Ross/Romrell p.52
Slide 30: Source Undetermined
Slide 31: Source Undetermined
Slide 32: Source Undetermined; CC BY Boumphreyfr,
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cell_junctions.png, CC:BY-SA 3.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Slide 33: Verhey. Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Science 2008; Alberts et al., p. 802
Slide 34: Michigan Medical School Histology Slide Collection; Source Undetermined
Slide 35: Source Undetermined
Slide 36: Source Undetermined
Slide 37: Lady of Hats, Wikipedia, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adherens_Junctions_structural_proteins.svg; Darnell, et. al.,
p.608
Slide 39: Lady of Hats, Wikipedia, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cellular_tight_junction_en.svg; Source Undetermined;
Junquueira & Carneiro 10th Ed. P. 82
Slide 40:Alberts et. Al, p. 794-5;
Slide 41: Alberts et al., p. 795; Bloom and Fawcett p. 67
Slide 42: Alberts et al., p. 802;
Lady of Hats, Wikipedia, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gap_cell_junction_en.svg
Slide 43: Source Undetermined; Source Undetermined
Slide 44: Ross/Romrell p.52
Slide 47: Source Undetermined
Slide 48: Junquiera and Carnein, 10th Ed. P. 82
Slide 49: Sun-Kee Kim
Slide 50: Sun-Kee Kim