080125© m. kostic prof. m. kostic dean p. vohra mechanical engineering northern illinois university...

080125© M. Kostic <www.kostic.niu.edu>

Prof. Prof. M. KosticM. KosticDean Dean P. VohraP. Vohra

Mechanical EngineeringMechanical EngineeringNORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITYNORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY

NIU-Engineering Energy Research NIU-Engineering Energy Research Activities and ChallengesActivities and Challenges

The 5th WSEAS International Conference on HEAT and MASS TRANSFER The 5th WSEAS International Conference on HEAT and MASS TRANSFER ((WSEAS - HMT'08WSEAS - HMT'08))

Acapulco, Mexico, January 25-27, 2009Acapulco, Mexico, January 25-27, 2009


NIU Engineering research NIU Engineering research in energy/fluids/thermal areain energy/fluids/thermal area::

innovative fuel-cells, innovative fuel-cells,

advanced heat-transfer nanofluids, advanced heat-transfer nanofluids,

alternative and renewable energy resources alternative and renewable energy resources

•Fig. 1: NIU College of Engineering and Engineering Technology is embracing critical energy education and research with innovations and collaboration with nearby Argonne and Fermi National Laboratories; NIU’s Institute for Nano Science, Engineering, and Technology (InSET), Physics, Chemistry and other departments; as well as with other regional institutions and industry [1-5]. Energy use trough history (on right) [6, 7].


EEE-Global & Physics articlesEEE-Global & Physics articles

More Encyclopedia ArticlesMore Encyclopedia Articles


Humanity’s Humanity’s Top Ten ProblemsTop Ten Problemsfor next 50 yearsfor next 50 years

1.1.ENERGYENERGY ( (critical for the rest ninecritical for the rest nine))

2.2. WaterWater

3.3. FoodFood

4.4. Environment Environment

5.5. PovertyPoverty

6.6. Terrorism & WarTerrorism & War

7.7. DiseaseDisease

8.8. EducationEducation

9.9. DemocracyDemocracy

10.10. PopulationPopulation

2006: 6.5 Billion People2050: 8-10 Billion ( 1010 ) People


What Are We Waiting For? What Are We Waiting For?

(1)(1) An Energy Crisis ?An Energy Crisis ?

(2)(2) A Global Environmental Problem?A Global Environmental Problem?

(3)(3) An Asian Technology Boom?An Asian Technology Boom?

oror LeadershipLeadership


The biggest single challengeThe biggest single challengefor the next few decades for the next few decades by 2050by 2050

(1)(1) ENERGY for ENERGY for 10101010 people people

(2)(2) At At MINIMUMMINIMUM we need additional we need additional 10 TeraWatts (150 Mill. BOE/day) 10 TeraWatts (150 Mill. BOE/day) from some new clean energy source from some new clean energy source

We simply can not do thisWe simply can not do this with current technology! with current technology!

We needWe need LeadershipLeadership


The two things are certain The two things are certain

(1)(1) the the world populationworld population and and their living-standard expectations their living-standard expectations will will substantially increasesubstantially increase((over 6 billion people now, over 6 billion people now, in 50 years 10-11 billion - energy in 50 years 10-11 billion - energy may doublemay double) )

(2)(2) fossil fuels’ economical reservesfossil fuels’ economical reserves, , particularly oil and natural gas, particularly oil and natural gas, will will substantially decreasesubstantially decrease((oil oil may run outmay run out in 30-50 years in 30-50 years) )


The energy “difficulties” The energy “difficulties” ……

(1)(1) will be will be more challengingmore challenging than what we anticipate now than what we anticipate now

(2)(2) NO traditional solutionsNO traditional solutions

(3)(3) NewNew knowledge, new technology, knowledge, new technology,and and new living habits and expectationsnew living habits and expectationswill be needed will be needed


NIU College of Engineering and NIU College of Engineering and Engineering TechnologyEngineering Technology

… … is embracing critical energy is embracing critical energy education and researcheducation and research

with innovations and collaboration with innovations and collaboration with nearby Argonne and Fermi with nearby Argonne and Fermi National Laboratories; National Laboratories;

NIU’s Institute for Nano Science, NIU’s Institute for Nano Science, Engineering, and Technology (InSET), Engineering, and Technology (InSET),

Physics, Chemistry and other Physics, Chemistry and other departments; departments;

as well as with other regional as well as with other regional institutions and industry institutions and industry


Freedom Field …Freedom Field …

… … a unique energy a unique energy initiative that could initiative that could become become “one-of-a-kind “one-of-a-kind energy energy landmark”landmark” and may have and may have enormous potential enormous potential for economic growth for economic growth in our region and in our region and globally globally


Fuel cells …Fuel cells …

… … hold unique hold unique potential potential as an efficient as an efficient electrochemical electrochemical device to utilize device to utilize diverse energies diverse energies stored in stored in hydrogen as hydrogen as virtually non-virtually non-polluting source of polluting source of energyenergy

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Fig. 1

by A. Bose and P. Vohra; other collaborators: B. Dabrowski, by A. Bose and P. Vohra; other collaborators: B. Dabrowski, P. Majumdar, D. Zinger, and others.P. Majumdar, D. Zinger, and others.


Advanced nanofluids …Advanced nanofluids …

Improved, Improved,

Teflon-coated Teflon-coated Platinum Hot-Platinum Hot-Wire Thermal Wire Thermal Conductivity Conductivity

(HWTC) cell for (HWTC) cell for nanofluid TC nanofluid TC

measurements.measurements.

Improved, patent-pending Improved, patent-pending new-design for the one-new-design for the one-step, step, direct-evaporation direct-evaporation nanofluid production nanofluid production apparatus.apparatus.


Advanced Coal and COAdvanced Coal and CO22 Sequestration…Sequestration…

Landmark FutureGen Industrial Alliance's Landmark FutureGen Industrial Alliance's clean-coal project with carbon-dioxide clean-coal project with carbon-dioxide sequestration may revolutionize coal energy sequestration may revolutionize coal energy production production


Energy Future Outlook:Energy Future Outlook:…a probable scenario … in the wake of a short history of fossil fuels’ …a probable scenario … in the wake of a short history of fossil fuels’ abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen), abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen), the following energy future outlook is possible…the following energy future outlook is possible…

1.1.Creative adaptation and innovations, with Creative adaptation and innovations, with change of societal and human habits and change of societal and human habits and expectations expectations ((life could be happier after fossil fuels’ eralife could be happier after fossil fuels’ era))

2.2. Intelligent hi-tech, local and global energy management in wide sense Intelligent hi-tech, local and global energy management in wide sense ((to reduce waste, improve efficiency and quality of environment and lifeto reduce waste, improve efficiency and quality of environment and life))

3.3. Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials, particularly in industry potentials, particularly in industry ((also in transportation, commercial and residential sectorsalso in transportation, commercial and residential sectors))

4.4. Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needsNuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

5.5. Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scaleCogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale ((to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiencyto close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency))

6.6. Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement ((mobile energy, transportation, and chemicalsmobile energy, transportation, and chemicals))

7.7. Advanced energy storage (Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels, advanced batteries, hydrogensynthetic fuels, advanced batteries, hydrogen,…),…)

8.8. Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gapto fill in the gap…)…)



1.1. Creative adaptation and innovations, with change of societal and human habits Creative adaptation and innovations, with change of societal and human habits and expectations (and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuels’ eralife could be happier after fossil fuels’ era))

2.2.Intelligent hi-tech, local and global energy Intelligent hi-tech, local and global energy management in wide sense management in wide sense ((to reduce waste, improve efficiency and to reduce waste, improve efficiency and quality of environment and lifequality of environment and life))











3.3.Energy conservation and regeneration have Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials, particularly in industrylarge potentials, particularly in industry ((also in transportation, commercial and residential also in transportation, commercial and residential sectorssectors))









2.2. Intelligent hi-tech, local and global energy management in wide sense Intelligent hi-tech, local and global energy management in wide sense ((to reduce waste, improve efficiency and quality of environment and lifeto reduce waste, improve efficiency and quality of environment and life) )

3.3. Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials, particularly in industry large potentials, particularly in industry ((also in transportation, commercial and residential sectorsalso in transportation, commercial and residential sectors))

4.4.Nuclear energy and re-electrification Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needsfor most of stationary energy needs











5.5.Cogeneration and integration of power Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scalegeneration and new industry at global scale ((to close the cycles at sources thus to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing protecting environment and increasing efficiencyefficiency))











6.6.Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement carbons for fossil fuel replacement ((mobile energy, transportation, and mobile energy, transportation, and chemicalschemicals))







3.3. Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials, particularly in industry large potentials, particularly in industry ((also in transportation, commercial and residential sectorsalso in transportation, commercial and residential sectors))




7.7.Advanced energy storage (Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels, synthetic fuels, advanced batteries, hydrogenadvanced batteries, hydrogen,…),…)






3.3. Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials, particularly in industry large potentials, particularly in industry ((also in transportation, commercial and residential sectorsalso in transportation, commercial and residential sectors) )





8.8.Redistributed solar-related and other Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (renewable energies (to fill in the gapto fill in the gap…)…)



1.1. Creative adaptation and innovations, with change of societal and human habits Creative adaptation and innovations, with change of societal and human habits

and expectations (and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuels’ eralife could be happier after fossil fuels’ era))


3.3. Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials, particularly in industry magnitude) and large potentials, particularly in industry ((also in transportation, commercial and residential sectorsalso in transportation, commercial and residential sectors))


5.5. Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scalescale ((to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiencyefficiency))





For further Info For further Info you may contact Prof. Kostic at:you may contact Prof. Kostic at:

[email protected] [email protected]

or on the Web:or on the Web:www.kostic.niu.eduwww.kostic.niu.edu

Prof. Prof. M. KosticM. Kostic Mechanical EngineeringMechanical Engineering

NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITYNORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY

080125© m. kostic prof. m. kostic dean p. vohra mechanical engineering northern illinois university...

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