07/20/07 evaluation of load damage in steel using the l cr ultrasonic technique don e. bray, ph. d.,...
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07/20/07
Evaluation of Load Damage in Steel Using The LCR Ultrasonic Technique
Don E. Bray, Ph. D., P. E.
Don E. Bray, Inc.
P. O. Box 10315
College Station, Texas USA 77842-0315
Voice/Cellular 979-492-9534
Email [email protected]
http://brayengr.com
PVP2007/CREEP8 Conference July 22-26, 2007, San Antonio, Texas USA
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07/20/07
Schematic of LCR Probe
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07/20/07
Beam Profile for LCR Wave
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07/20/07
Interrogation Area for LCR (from
Bray and Tang, 2001)
Wd
EnergyDistribution
Figure 3. Illustration of the penetration energy distribution for LCR wave.
w - distance between two half power points on energy distribution curve
d - distance between outer surface and the peak energy point
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07/20/07
Tensile Specimen Used for Ultrasonic Studies
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07/20/07
Relationships of the LCR travel time (t) versus stress (From Tang and Bray, 1996).
7.576
7.58
7.584
7.588
7.592
7.596
0 200 400 600 800
Applied Stress (MPa)
Travel Time (us)
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07/20/07
Relationship of the LCR travel time (t) versus residual strain. (From Tang and
Bray, 1996).
7.578
7.58
7.582
7.584
7.586
7.588
7.59
7.592
7.594
7.596
0 0.025 0.05 0.075 0.1 0.125 0.15
Residual Strain (in./in.)
LCR Travel Time (us)
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fp = peak frequency fc = central frequency
fa = low half power point fb = upper half power point
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07/20/07
Frequency Analysis Definitions
fc = 0.5 (fb + fa)
fsk = (fp - fa)/(fb - fp)
Bandwidth = B = fb - fa
ICPIIT Houston, Texas USA 18-22 June 2001 Don E. Bray, Inc., College Station, Texas 77842-0315
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07/20/07
Fb and KIC (McGrath and Bray 2001)
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07/20/07
Setup for Present Experiments
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07/20/07
Table 1 Velocities (m/s) for locations on the steel bar
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07/20/07
Mean 3.530333333 3.630925Known Variance 0.004356 0.001024Observations 39 40Hypothesized Mean Difference 0z -8.58497236P(Z<=z) one-tail 0z Critical one-tail 1.644853476P(Z<=z) two-tail 0z Critical two-tail 1.959962787
Table 2a z-Test Comparing End and Center Data Two Sample Means for Fa
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07/20/07
Table 2b z-Test Comparing End and Center Data Two Sample Means for Fc
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07/20/07
Hydrogen Attack
• Imanaka and Suetsugu (1995) - showed just less than 10% increase in travel time for samples exposed to hydrogen.
• Kot (2001) - compares NDE methods for evaluating H2 attack. Dismisses creeping wave technique because it does not provide information about the opposite surface.
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07/20/07
Propagation on Inner Surface
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07/20/07
Arrival Time Equations
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07/20/07
Typical LCR Arrivals
150
75
R2-R1 mm
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07/20/07
Latest LCR Probe
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07/20/07
Using the Probe
QuickTime™ and aMotion JPEG OpenDML decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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07/20/07
Conclusions
• Velocity data and frequency analysis can be used to evaluate load damage in steel parts.
• Suggests that LCR could be used to interrogate the inside wall of structures for hydrogen damage.