06.2 home msc dependability final

8/3/2019 06.2 Home Msc Dependability Final

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Dependability in theDependability in thehomehome

Guy DewsburyGuy DewsburyComputing Dept, Lancaster UniversityComputing Dept, Lancaster University


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Computer systems and PiratesComputer systems and Pirates

Have they anything in common?Have they anything in common?


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Whats in this presentation?Whats in this presentation?

1) a discussion on Dependability1) a discussion on Dependability

2) a discussion on domestic dependability2) a discussion on domestic dependability

3) Assistive Technology (AT) and3) Assistive Technology (AT) and

dependabilitydependability

4) dependability and telecare systems4) dependability and telecare systems

5) an exploration of person-centred design5) an exploration of person-centred designand dependabilityand dependability


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Individual and Social Origins of NeurosisIndividual and Social Origins of NeurosisErich Fromm (1944)Erich Fromm (1944)

The history of science is a history of erroneous statements. YetThe history of science is a history of erroneous statements. Yetthese erroneous statements which mark the progress of thoughtthese erroneous statements which mark the progress of thoughthave a particular quality: they are productive. And they are nothave a particular quality: they are productive. And they are not

just errors either; they are statements, the truth of which isjust errors either; they are statements, the truth of which isveiled by misconceptions, is clothed in erroneous and inadequateveiled by misconceptions, is clothed in erroneous and inadequate

concepts. They are rational visions which contain the seed ofconcepts. They are rational visions which contain the seed oftruth, which matures and blossoms in the continuous effort oftruth, which matures and blossoms in the continuous effort ofmankind to arrive at objectively valid knowledge about man (sic)mankind to arrive at objectively valid knowledge about man (sic)and nature. Many profound insights about man (sic) and societyand nature. Many profound insights about man (sic) and societyhave first found expression in myths and fairy tales, others inhave first found expression in myths and fairy tales, others in

metaphysical speculations, others in scientific assumptions whichmetaphysical speculations, others in scientific assumptions whichhave proven to be incorrect after one or two generations.have proven to be incorrect after one or two generations.


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Task 1Task 1

What do you consider the main elementsWhat do you consider the main elements

of person centred design are?of person centred design are?

Can you see any links to dependabilityCan you see any links to dependabilityissues?issues?

If so what are they?If so what are they?


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Extending Laprie's ModelExtending Laprie's Model

Jean-ClaudeJean-Claude LaprieLaprie et al developed theet al developed the

widely held model of dependability that ledwidely held model of dependability that led

to the dependability treeto the dependability tree


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DependabilityDependability

DependabilityDependability is defined asis defined as

that property ofthat property ofa computer systema computer systemsuchsuchthat reliance can justifiably be placed onthat reliance can justifiably be placed on

the service it deliversthe service it delivers.. The serviceThe servicedelivered by a system is its behaviour asdelivered by a system is its behaviour asit is perceptible by its userit is perceptible by its user(s); a user is(s); a user isanother system (human or physical) whichanother system (human or physical) which

interacts with the formerinteracts with the former(JCLaprie, 1995).(JCLaprie, 1995).


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The main focus of the model was:The main focus of the model was:

Faults, errors and failures (which includeFaults, errors and failures (which include

human mistakes)human mistakes)

... error failure fault ...fault a c t i v a t i o n p r o p a g a t i o n c a u s a t i o n


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SO WHAT..?SO WHAT..?

Laprie's model makes a convincing caseLaprie's model makes a convincing case

in relation to software development andin relation to software development and

organisational structured systems. Theorganisational structured systems. The

home is different in a number of ways.home is different in a number of ways.Within the home practises and activitiesWithin the home practises and activities

are not standardised or ordered.are not standardised or ordered.

Where do we go now?Where do we go now?


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The difference between anThe difference between an

organisation and the home:organisation and the home:


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Consider the common usage of :Consider the common usage of :

The telephoneThe telephone

The fridgeThe fridge

The washing machineThe washing machine

The computerThe computer

The videoThe video

All items are used differently but people in theirAll items are used differently but people in theirhome. The manufacturer has no say in what we dohome. The manufacturer has no say in what we do

with them. They can recommend certain activitieswith them. They can recommend certain activities

but that is allbut that is all..


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Assistive TechnologyAssistive Technology

Assistive technology can be defined as information andAssistive technology can be defined as information andcommunication technology that has been designed tocommunication technology that has been designed to

enable and improve access to a range of services forenable and improve access to a range of services for

disabled users.disabled users.

Assistive Technology (AT) is used to support people byAssistive Technology (AT) is used to support people byenabling them to undertake tasks they might notenabling them to undertake tasks they might not

otherwise be able to do.otherwise be able to do.

AT also enables users to be monitored and alerts to beAT also enables users to be monitored and alerts to be

sent should an event occur that warrants such alerts.sent should an event occur that warrants such alerts.


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Task 2Task 2

How many different forms of assistiveHow many different forms of assistive

technology can you can think of?technology can you can think of?

How many of these incorporate someHow many of these incorporate some

form of computerised system?form of computerised system?


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Why look at AT?Why look at AT?

Users of AT rely on the technology toUsers of AT rely on the technology tosupport their everyday lives.support their everyday lives.

The technology becomes part of the usersThe technology becomes part of the userseveryday experience.everyday experience.

The system must support the users totallyThe system must support the users totallyin some cases.in some cases.

There are clear dependability issues to beThere are clear dependability issues to beaddressed here.addressed here.


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Designing AT solutionsDesigning AT solutions

From our research in Carnforth, Penrith,From our research in Carnforth, Penrith,

Barrow in Furness, Dundee andBarrow in Furness, Dundee and

Aberdeen, we have determined that theAberdeen, we have determined that thedesign of AT systems is based ondesign of AT systems is based on

understanding dependability in terms ofunderstanding dependability in terms of

the activity patterns and processes ofthe activity patterns and processes of

the people who are being designed for.the people who are being designed for.


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Designing AT solutionsDesigning AT solutions

Lapries model does not take into accountLapries model does not take into accountthese patterns of use.these patterns of use.

For Laprie, a fault, error or failure can beFor Laprie, a fault, error or failure can be

human derived, but this does nothuman derived, but this does notquestion the system design which mightquestion the system design which might

be at fault.be at fault.

If a system is appropriate for the userIf a system is appropriate for the userthen user mistakes should be minimal ifthen user mistakes should be minimal if

not avoided altogether.not avoided altogether.


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ContextContext

When domestic technology goes awry it iWhen domestic technology goes awry it ioften more invasive than officoften more invasive than officetechnology; not only do we expect outechnology; not only do we expect ou

homes to provide a haven of calm anhomes to provide a haven of calm ansecurity, but breakdowns in domestisecurity, but breakdowns in domestitechnology can actually prevent us frotechnology can actually prevent us frommeeting our basic needsmeeting our basic needs..(Rode J, Toye E, &(Rode J, Toye E, &Blackwell A (2004) The Fuzzy Felt Ethnography- understanding theBlackwell A (2004) The Fuzzy Felt Ethnography- understanding the

programming patterns of domestic appliances,programming patterns of domestic appliances, In Proceedings of theIn Proceedings of the2nd International Conference on Appliance Design, 2004. pp. 10-222nd International Conference on Appliance Design, 2004. pp. 10-22)


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More Context

Developing useful and applicable guidelines forDeveloping useful and applicable guidelines forsystems design is a thorny issue, as itsystems design is a thorny issue, as itrequires a balance to be struck between therequires a balance to be struck between theneed for the emergence of generalneed for the emergence of generalprinciples and the importance of detailingprinciples and the importance of detailing

everyday situated practice. If we are toeveryday situated practice. If we are toprovide more general design principlesprovide more general design principlestechniques need to be uncovered that allowtechniques need to be uncovered that allowthe results of ethnographic studies to bethe results of ethnographic studies to bemarried with more general statements ofmarried with more general statements ofdesigndesign..

(Hughes et al, 2001)(Hughes et al, 2001)


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What types of AT are we talkingWhat types of AT are we talking

about?about?

Any system that supports a person to haveAny system that supports a person to have

a better quality of life in their home.a better quality of life in their home.

Hence we are talking about:Hence we are talking about:

Assistive computer systemAssistive computer system

Call systemsCall systems

Smart HomesSmart Homes

Telecare systemTelecare system Any supportive Networked systemsAny supportive Networked systems


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Our domestic model ofOur domestic model of

dependabilitydependability


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The Dependability AttributesThe Dependability Attributes


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The Attributes:The Attributes:

Are interdependentAre interdependent

Are categorised as such for convenience not inAre categorised as such for convenience not in

realityreality

Overlap and interconnectOverlap and interconnectAre difficult to reclassifyAre difficult to reclassify


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Lets consider some of the attributesLets consider some of the attributes

involved in the system design processinvolved in the system design process

Design of theDesign of the

system mustsystem must

take intotake into

account theaccount thecurrent andcurrent and

foreseeableforeseeable

environmentenvironment


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Network technologyNetwork technology


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StairwellStairwell


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An adapted hobAn adapted hob


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A door openerA door opener


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A sitting roomA sitting room

Can you spot the devices?Can you spot the devices?

Who say technology was aesthetically pleasing?Who say technology was aesthetically pleasing?


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Better design?Better design?

But the cameraBut the camera

does not workdoes not work

Looking at theLooking at the

instructionsinstructions

can you workcan you work

out how to getout how to get

in?in?


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Dependability in TelecareDependability in Telecare

Telecare systems are networked systemsTelecare systems are networked systemsthat provide information on a person, inthat provide information on a person, inrelation to medical conditions andrelation to medical conditions and

personal activities.personal activities.A key feature of new telecare systems isA key feature of new telecare systems isthe ability to produce alerts fromthe ability to produce alerts fromanalysing normal activity (analysing normal activity (Lifestyle

Monitoring system) and determiningand determiningwhen there is a deviation from the norm.when there is a deviation from the norm.


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Active and passive monitoringActive and passive monitoring

Telecare systems rely more on activeTelecare systems rely more on activemonitoring than passive monitoring andmonitoring than passive monitoring and

this can be the problem with thethis can be the problem with the

systems.systems.Telecare systems are also becomingTelecare systems are also becoming

expansive and overengineered, givingexpansive and overengineered, giving

thethe person five devices when one woulddo.

Trading dependability for redundancy

S t f th l ti f


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Some comments of the evaluation ofSome comments of the evaluation of

the LMSthe LMS

"The evaluation of the Lifestyle Monitoring systemhighlighted a number of actual and potential benefits,which make a strong case for the implementation oflifestyle monitoring and similar technologies withinthe range of community care services available to

older people. While the field trial was relativelylimited in scope, the generally positive feedback fromusers of the system was clear:the system is generally acceptable to older people,

it increases the care choices available to people,

it enhances people's feelings of safety and security in the

home, reducing their fears and apprehensions, such asfalling or becoming ill or unconscious,

it supports and enhances the carer's role.


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Now for some funNow for some fun

In the following clips you will be shownIn the following clips you will be shown

interviews with people using variousinterviews with people using various

Assistive/telecare systems.Assistive/telecare systems.

Using your knowledge, consider what domesticUsing your knowledge, consider what domestic

dependability issues might need to bedependability issues might need to beconsidered for each installation.considered for each installation.


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You might find this useful

T l tT l t


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Telecare systemsTelecare systems

Case 1: Flood detectorCase 1: Flood detector

C:\Tunstall video\Flood.wmv

T l S t
http://c/Tunstall%20video/Flood.wmvhttp://c/Tunstall%20video/Flood.wmv


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Telecare SystemsCase 2: A person with dementia

C:\Tunstall video\Tunstall dementia daughter_VCD_PAL.wmv

T l S t
http://c/Tunstall%20video/Tunstall%20dementia%20daughter_VCD_PAL.wmvhttp://c/Tunstall%20video/Tunstall%20dementia%20daughter_VCD_PAL.wmv


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Telecare SystemsCase 3: Fall detector

C:\Tunstall video\Tunstall falls Mrs_E_256k.wmv

T l S t
http://c/Tunstall%20video/Tunstall%20falls%20Mrs_E_256k.wmvhttp://c/Tunstall%20video/Tunstall%20falls%20Mrs_E_256k.wmv


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Telecare SystemsCase 4: Epilepsy

C:\Tunstall video\Tunstall epilepsy MrT2_256k.wmv

T l S t
http://c/Tunstall%20video/Tunstall%20epilepsy%20MrT2_256k.wmvhttp://c/Tunstall%20video/Tunstall%20epilepsy%20MrT2_256k.wmv


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Telecare SystemsCase 4: video monitoring

C:\Media\videomonitoring.movC:\Media\videomonitoring.mov
http://c/Media/videomonitoring.movhttp://c/Media/videomonitoring.movhttp://c/Media/videomonitoring.movhttp://c/Media/videomonitoring.mov


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Dependability and TelecareDependability and Telecare

Clearly for a telecare installation to beClearly for a telecare installation to be

successful, systems must meet thesuccessful, systems must meet the

needs and expectations of the peopleneeds and expectations of the people

who use the systems.who use the systems.

Systems need to be tailored to theSystems need to be tailored to the

individual needs and activity patterns ofindividual needs and activity patterns of

the user and work in the way the userthe user and work in the way the userexpects them to workexpects them to work

S d d bilit i ithSome dependability issues with


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Some dependability issues withSome dependability issues with

technology in the hometechnology in the home

What makes a good system?What makes a good system?

Who decides what information shouldWho decides what information should

leave the house?leave the house?

What is going to happen to theWhat is going to happen to the

information leaving the home?information leaving the home?

will is be responded to?will is be responded to?

By whom?By whom?


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Dependability and designDependability and design

For a system to be appropriate and meetFor a system to be appropriate and meetneeds, the person must be the startingneeds, the person must be the startingpoint of the design and the focuspoint of the design and the focusthroughout.throughout.

Technology should support not take overTechnology should support not take overor disempower the user.or disempower the user.

Minimising error now can meanMinimising error now can mean

minimising system failures derived fromminimising system failures derived fromunintentional human factors.unintentional human factors.


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The CATCH

A compendium ofA compendium ofassistive technologyassistive technologychecklists for the homechecklists for the home

Person-centred designPerson-centred designwhich is built on awhich is built on adependability frameworkdependability framework


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What is CATCH?What is CATCH?

CATCH is a set of checklists that allow aCATCH is a set of checklists that allow aperson to question the dependability of aperson to question the dependability of asystem that they might be considering for asystem that they might be considering for aperson.person.

It allows the checklist user to determineIt allows the checklist user to determinewhich attributes and properties are mostwhich attributes and properties are mostimportant and question how the person willimportant and question how the person willreact to a system installation.react to a system installation.


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Choosing AT is usually the responsibility ofExamples from the ChecklistsExamples from the Checklists


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The General Design Principles

professionals,who have little knowledge of currenttechnology systems; few resources;little timeallocated; andsmall amounts of money to spendon R&D.


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CATCHing up

CATCH is a qualitative checklist made upCATCH is a qualitative checklist made up

of three main parts:of three main parts:

Location-space formLocation-space form

Main technology assessment questionsMain technology assessment questions Assessing a system: what to look for andAssessing a system: what to look for and

whatwhat to avoid checklistto avoid checklist

CATCH is currently being evaluated withCATCH is currently being evaluated witholder people and their carers BUT YOU CANolder people and their carers BUT YOU CAN

HELP IN THHELP IN THISIS


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Location-space form

This checklist allows the user to considerThis checklist allows the user to consideraspects of design in relation to theiraspects of design in relation to theirexpected and desired use of spaces inexpected and desired use of spaces intheir home.their home.

The checklist allows the user to plot theThe checklist allows the user to plot thelocation of devices in the home andlocation of devices in the home andhighlight/attach dependability criteria tohighlight/attach dependability criteria to

the device, and thereby focus attention onthe device, and thereby focus attention onareas of concern.areas of concern.

Main technology assessment


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Main technology assessmentquestions

This brief one page checklist is designedThis brief one page checklist is designedto allow the user to consider what type ofto allow the user to consider what type ofinterventions would be most beneficial.interventions would be most beneficial.

The checklist should produce a number ofThe checklist should produce a number ofkey questions that can assist the user tokey questions that can assist the user toconcentrate on areas of concern whereconcentrate on areas of concern wheredecisions are required.decisions are required.

These questions also allow the user toThese questions also allow the user tofocus on alternatives to high technologyfocus on alternatives to high technologysolutionssolutions


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Assessing a system

This extended series of questions isThis extended series of questions isdesigned to allow the user to determinedesigned to allow the user to determinewhat technology to look for and whatwhat technology to look for and what

technology to avoid.technology to avoid. The questions follow the same order asThe questions follow the same order as

the elements in the model of domesticthe elements in the model of domesticdependability This allows the diagram ofdependability This allows the diagram ofthe domestic dependability to act as athe domestic dependability to act as auseful visual aid.useful visual aid.


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Assessing a system 2

This checklist also provides aThis checklist also provides athematic/contextualising question for eachthematic/contextualising question for eachelement as well as questions relating to theelement as well as questions relating to thesocio-technical system as well as questionssocio-technical system as well as questions

relating to the user themselves.relating to the user themselves. These questions draw together the socio-These questions draw together the socio-

technical aspects of the system.technical aspects of the system.

This is followed by a number of weblinks thatThis is followed by a number of weblinks thatthe user might find usefulthe user might find useful


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This checklist also provides a thematic /contextualising question for each elementas well as questions relating to the socio-technical system as well as questions

relating to the user themselves.These questions draw together the socio-technical aspects of the system.

D i i i l


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Design principles

The CATCH booklet contains a set of 20The CATCH booklet contains a set of 20design principles on the important thingsdesign principles on the important thingsto consider when specifying ATto consider when specifying ATsolutions.solutions.

These are broken down into four sections:These are broken down into four sections: Design principlesDesign principles The BuildingThe Building The PersonThe Person

The Technology/SystemThe Technology/SystemThese are available @These are available @

http://www.smartthinking.ukideas.com/Design Guidelines.htmlhttp://www.smartthinking.ukideas.com/Design Guidelines.html


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Some references to have a look at:Some references to have a look at:

CATCH http://www.smartthinking.ukideas.com/CATCH.html

For telecare see the ICES sitewww.ices.gov.uk

For dependability issues and personcentred design issues there is really onlyone place to look ......

N d 't b h
http://www.smartthinking.ukideas.com/CATCH.htmlhttp://www.ices.gov.uk/http://www.ices.gov.uk/http://www.smartthinking.ukideas.com/CATCH.html


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Now don't be shy..

Ask Guy! Lets have your questions...

I cannot guarantee that I can answer

them, but I will try.

Did you work out why computers


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Did you work out why computersand pirates are connected?

Pirates are forced toadapt to theirimpairments just aspeople are required toadapt to their

environments.If we design things wellwe should be betterthan pirates allowingthe technology to

integrate seamlessly.If we fail..Yo Ho Ho and a bottle

of Vodka!

06.2 home msc dependability final

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