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 1 Creating a universe from thermody namic thought experiments II - exploring a basis f or structure and force. Akinbo Ojo Abstract Assuming that the universe is a system obedient to known thermodynamic laws and equations, here we explore whether it is a possibility for the universe to exist and evolve without any cosmic structure or force necessarily emerging within it. From symmetry considerations and the invariance of Boltzmann's constant during the experiment, we infer that it is an inevitable occurrence that structure and force will appear during transformation of the created universe. Key words: Thermodynamics, Cosmology, Symmetry, Cosmic structure, Force, Boltzmann's constant. PACS Classification: 05.70.-a, 95.30.Tg, 11.30.-j, 12.10.-g Introduction In an earlier experiment [1], we created an increase in the size of an infinitesimal isolated system using thermodynamic tools derived from Clausius and Boltzmann's descriptions of entropy [2-6]. We called this system our universe and now explore whether as a theoretical speculation, it is at all a possibility for a universe to exist and increase in size without any structure or force necessarily evolving within it. Our main objective will be to find a qualitative rather than a quantitative basis for the existence of force and structure. The experiment will again make use of Clausius's description of entropy expressed by ∆E/T = ∆S (1) and that of Boltzmann expressed by S = k lnW  (2)

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