EDC, Tomball, TX

Printed: 04/18/23

BJ ServicesAcidizing Products

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

Slide 2

BJ ServicesAcidizing Products

Corrosion Inhibitors Corrosion Inhibitor

Intensifiers Iron Control Agents Surfactants Polymers

Solvents Clay & Fines

Stabilizers Special Production

Chemicals Diversion Acid Systems

EDC, Tomball, TX

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Corrosion inhibitors

For inorganic acids For organic acids

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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CI-11

Specific inhibitor for organic acid and organic-HF

Use with acetic, formic, and citric acids Effective to ~400 °F (205 °C) with acetic

acid and carbon steel and certain chrome steels

With Cr-steels and formic acid – generally not recommended beyond 250 °F

Generally use 1 to 20 gal / 1000 gal acid

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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CI-30

Corrosion inhibitor for HCl and HCl-HF mixtures

Use up to 225 °F (107 °C) without intensifiers

Use up to 400 °F (205 °C) with Hy Temp 410 intensifier for carbon steel

Use up to 350 °F (177 °C) with Hy Temp 410 intensifier for chrome steels

Contains no EPA priority pollutants Generally use 5 to 20 gal / 1000 gal acid

EDC, Tomball, TX

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Inhibitor intensifiers

High temperatures Special alloy tubulars

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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Iron Control Agents

Include in pickling stage, acid stages Iron complexing (sequestering) & iron reducing

agents Iron in tubulars and sometimes in the formation

must be controlled - to prevent re-ppt from spending acid

Iron reducing agents are important in preventing sludging in oil well treatments

Iron control is especially important in injection wells

Solubility and suitability of different iron control agents vary with acid type and concentration

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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Pickling

Generally recommendation: Use 2 bbls of acid pickling solution per 1000 feet of tubing

May require higher volume in severely corroded tubing

Generally use 7.5 to 15% HCl or RustBuster non-acid pickling solutions

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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Pickling (continued)

Use of surfactants such as S-400 will enhance acid performance (RustBuster systems already contain surfactants)

Use of solvents such as Paravan 25 systems or other aromatics will enhance the removal of materials such as pipe dope and organic deposits (Paravan 25 can be added to RustBuster)

Design pickling treatment so that fluid does not enter the formation

Soaking or circulation may also be required for effective pickling

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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Iron Control Agents

Reducing agents To maintain iron (Fe) in +2 ionic state Or to convert Fe(+3) to Fe(+2) state in solution

Sequestering or chelating agents To maintain dissolved iron in water-soluble complex form during treatment and

recovery Buffering Agents

To maintain sufficiently low pH of spent acid keeping dissolved iron in solution

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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Acid Additive Categories - Surfactants

Water-wetting agent Non-emulsifier De-emulsifier Emulsifier Foaming agent Anti-sludge agent

Suspending agent Detergent Acid retarder Acid gelling agent Diverting agent Fluid recovery

additive

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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BJ Surfactants

Flo-Back additives Fluid recovery, water-wetting surfactants

Inflo additives Surface tension reducers, fluid recovery

additives, water-wetting agents, penetrants LT additives

Wetting agents, suspending agents, penetrants, paraffin dispersant

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

Slide 62

Water-wetting, Flow-enhancement, and Multi-purpose Surfactants

Flo-Back 20Flo-Back 30

Inflo -102

Inflo-150

LT-21

LT-32

S-150

S-301

S-350

S-400

PSA-2L

D-4GB (Europe)

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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Non-emulsifiers

Aqua Flow NE-13 NE-23 NE-110W NE-118 NE-940 S-350

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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Polymers

Acid gelling agents Friction reducers Fluid loss control agents Diverters

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

Slide 90

Acid Gelling Agents

Acigel Polyacrylamide gelling agent Can be used in place of AG-12 in Gelled Acid

systems AG-12

Gelling agent for Gelled Acid 200 AG-57L

Gelling agent for Crosslinked Acid Systems – XLA III and XLA IV D (delayed crosslink)

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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Friction Reducers

FRW-14 (brine or acid) FRW-15 (fresh water or very light brine only) Acid gelling agents – used as friction reducers

Acigel AG-12 AG-57L

As friction reducers, gelling agents are more cost-effective in acid (1-2 gal / 1000 gal)

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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Solvents

Mutual solvents Alcohols Aromatics Aliphatics Terpenes

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

Slide 96

Mutual / Micellar Solvent

Optional – often beneficial Miscible in both oil and water – due to

polar and non-polar characteristics Typically glycol or alcohol derivatives Can be added to acid treatment stages –

but preferred as additive in preflush and overflush stages at elevated temperatures

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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Mutual Solvent - Purposes

Reduce near-wellbore water saturation Maintain a water-wet formation Strip oil from formation fines – enhancing

their reactivity and/or removal Reduce adsorption or enhance desorption

of potentially permeability-damaging additives in the formation

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

Slide 98

Mutual Solvent – Drawbacks

May strip corrosion inhibitor from metal surfaces – requiring increased inhibitor loading

May reduce stability of foamers, emulsifiers, and friction reducers

High concentrations can be expensive

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

Slide 99

US-2

Mutual solvent for acid – requires lower loading than US-40

Contains ethyleneglycolmonobutyl ether (EGMBE) plus other oxyalkylated alcohol

Reduces adsorption of surfactants and inhibitors from acid by maintaining them in solution

Improves water-wetting Helps prevent emulsions in combination with NE-

surfactants Generally use from 1 to 5% in stimulation fluids

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

Slide 100

US-40

EGMBE Reduces adsorption of surfactants and

inhibitors from acid by keeping them in solution

Improves water-wetting, helps prevent emulsions

Generally use from 2 to 10% in stimulation fluids

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

Slide 101

MS-16

Blend of glycols and alcohols Can be used in same applications as US-2

and US-40 Improves water-wetting Helps break water blocks De-emulsification properties Generally use from 2 to 10% in stimulation

fluids

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

Slide 104

Alcohols

IPA – use up to 25% Methanol – preferably up to 25% Help unload spent acid in gas well stimulation Reduce surface tension of fluids without

adsorbing on formation surfaces (unlike surfactant)

IPA most effective in reducing surface tension Avoid alcohol use in oil well acidizing – rapid

reaction with HCl above ~185 °F (85 °C) can reduce effective HCl concentration while forming organic chlorides that poison certain refinery catalysts

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

Slide 108

Paravan 25 Systems (Terpenes)

Naturally-occurring solvent(s) Also contains surfactants Regional blends exist – tailored to the oil and

formation compositions found in the specific areas of operation (e.g., LAR)

Used in water-based asphaltene removal and dispersant treatment – as Envirosol XS

Used as an additive to any acid stage Used as an additive to RustBuster pickling

solutions Generally use in 5% concentration

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

Slide 109

Clay Stabilizers

Generally consist of polyquaternary amines (PQA) or polyamines (PA)

Prevents swelling, migration of clays Preferable in non-acid water-based

overflush – but can also be used in acid stages

HF acid may reduce clay stabilizer effectiveness

Generally use 1 to 5 gal / 1000 gal

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

Slide 110

Clay Treat-3C

Temporary clay stabilizer – in non-acid solutions

Can be used as a salt substitute (e.g., KCl) 1 gpt performs similarly to 2% KCl in many

formations More commonly used in hydraulic

fracturing General loading range: 1 to 5 gal / 1000 gal

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

Slide 111

Clay Master-5C

Permanent clay stabilizer Concentrated, low molecular weight,

cationic quaternary amine polymer Can be used in acid and fracturing fluids Will water-wet both sandstone (clay-

containing) and carbonate formations Generally use 1 to 5 gal / 1000 gal

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

Slide 112

Fines Stabilizer FSA-1

Water-based organosilane solution Prevents migration of clay and non-clay

siliceous fines Additive to acid stages or overflush stage Can be combined with Clay Master-5C 1-10 gal/1000 gal (5-10 gpt preferred)

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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FSA-1 Application

Retards HF if added to HF stage (2% HF or less) Successful use in acid treatments of gravel packs

and high permeability, high quartz-containing sandstones

Can be used in stand-alone fines-fixing treatments (non-acid)

Can be used as a fracturing fluid additive Can be used as pre-treatment to cyclic steam

injection Most effective when used in conjunction with

acid treatment

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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Mechanical Diverters

Ball Sealers BioSealers

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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Ball Sealers

Conventional Ball Sealers RCN sinkers and buoyant balls Various sizes Most common: 7/8” ball; 1.1 to 1.2 s.g. in various sizes Require excess balls and sufficient rate for ball seating

efficiency Ball injector with remote operator required (200 ball

capacity)

BioSealers Dissolve at temperature T-limit depends on injection (extrusion) temperature

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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BioSealers

BioSealers Brown color Versatile – utility in water and acids Generally use up to 200 F

BioSealers MR Green color Use up to ~250 °F (121 °C) – higher if short pump time Best in water carrier only – some acid incompatibility

BioSealers HR Red color Generally not recommended Low solubilities and compatibilities in water, acid, oil

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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Chemical Diversion

Primary application in cased and perforated completions

Some application in openhole / slotted liner completions

Revised 01/13/2004

EDC, Tomball, TX

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BJ Chemical Diverters

Rock Salt Salt Trimix Divert II Divert III Divert VI Divert VII Divert VIII Divert X

Divert S FAC-4W Foam Clean Block 6000 Clean Block HT Polymer gels SAF SAF Mark II