05b-perencanaan proyek lanjutan-pdm, cpm
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
1/23
MANAJEMEN
PROYEK
PERANGKAT LUNAK
Program Pendidikan Vokasi
Universitas BrawijayaTahun 2011
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
2/23
Pertemuan 5
Perencanaan Proyek :
PDM (Presedence Diagramming Method)
CPM (Critical Path Method)
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
3/23
Critical Path Method
Advantages:
Identifies activities that control the project length
Determines shortest time for completion
Identifies activities that are critical (i.e. cannot
be delayed)
Shows available float for non-critical activities
Allows evaluation of what-if scenarios
Allows monitoring & control of fast-track projects
With software can be resource loaded and
leveled
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
4/23
Critical Path Method
Disadvantages
Only as good as the effort put forth to properly
model the plan
Can be difficult to properly update
Can be easily misused
May lead to a false sense of security
Actual conditions may necessitate significant
modifications to model to accurately reflectreality
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
5/23
Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM)
PDM network rules:
Activities are represented by boxes or nodes that are
assigned properties of the activity they represent
Precedences are shown by arrows that have bothdirection and time properties
Precedences consist of two parts: A relationship and a
lag value or constraint
Finish
to
Start FS FinishtoFinish FF
StarttoStart SS
StarttoFinish SF
Lag = x Days
( a negative lag is
called a lead)
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
6/23
PDMPrecedence Diagram
PDM activities are comprised of:
Activity descriptions
Nodes representing the activity
Arrows representing relationship / dependency
Points indicating direction of relationship /
dependency
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
7/23
PDM Logic Relationships
Finish to Start (FS)Activity A must Finish before Activity B may Start.
The lag is usually zero. FS is the most common type.
Start to Finish (SF)Activity A must start before Activity B may Finish. The
lag is usually greater than either activity duration. FS is the least common type.
ctivity ctivity B
ctivity ctivity B
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
8/23
PDM Logic Relationships
Finish to Finish (FF)Activity A must Finish before Activity B may Finish.
The lag value is usually greater than zero. FF is a less common type.
Start to Start (SS)Activity A must Start before Activity B may Start.
The lag value is usually greater than zero. SS is a less common type.
ctivity ctivity B
ctivity ctivity B
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
9/23
PDM Time Calculations
Once the Network is constructed and duration ofeach activity is estimated, we can determinedthe following four time values:
Earliest Start (ES)The earliest possible time anactivity can begin
Earliest Finish (EF)The earliest possible time anactivity can finish
Latest Start (LS)The latest possible time an activity
can start without delaying project completion Latest Finish (LF)The latest possible time an
activity can start without delaying project completion
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
10/23
PDM Time Calculations
ES and EF are determined by making a Forward
Pass (left-to-right) through the Network. ES of
an activity is equal to the latest of early finish
times of its predecessors. EF is the total of theactivity ES plus its duration.
LS and LF are determined by making a
Backward Pass (right-to-left)through the
Network. LF of an activity is equal to thesmallest of the LS times of the activities exiting
from the activity in question. LS of an activity is
equal to its LF minus its duration.
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
11/23
PDM Activity Notation and
Assumptions
Each activity box consists of six cells
For the following example assume all activities:
Begin on the morning of the scheduled start date
End the evening of the scheduled finish date
Using a 7-day workdays per week calendar
4 E 6
11 2 13
ES EF
Activity
Duration
LS LF
0Lag
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
12/23
Forward Pass Example
6 D 9
4
8 E 8
1
4 F 10
7
12 G 18
7
2
0
0
(F to G) 10 + 0 + 1 = 11
(E to G) 8 + 0 + 1 = 9
(D to G) 9 + 2 + 1 = 12
Largest ES
Early Start Calculations
Early Finish Calculation
12 + 71 = 18
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
13/23
Backward Pass Example
18 H 24
25 7 31
18 I 21
24 4 27
18 J 18
34 1 34
14 K 17
19 4 22
2
0
0
(H to K) 25 - 2 - 1 = 22
(I to K) 24 - 0 - 1 = 23
(J to K) 34 - 0 - 1 = 33
Late Finish Calculations
Late Start Calculation
22 - 4 + 1 = 19
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
14/23
CPM Example Exercise
A
6d
B
11d
C
20d
H
20d
J
20d
D
13d
E
9d
F
20d
G
6d
I
13d
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
15/23
CPM Example Exercise
Forward Pass Results
A
6d
B
11d
C
20d
H
20d
J
20d
D
13d
E
9d
F
20d
G
6d
I
13d
1d 6d 7d 17d 18d 37d 63d 82d
1d 20d 21d 33d 34d 42d 43d 62d
34d 39d 40d 52d
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
16/23
CPM Example Exercise
Backward Pass Results
A
6d
B
11d
C
20d
H
20d
J
20d
D
13d
E
9d
F
20d
G
6d
I
13d
1d 6d 7d 17d 18d 37d 63d 82d
1d 20d 21d 33d 34d 42d 43d 62d
34d 39d 40d 52d
4d 9d 10d 20d 43d 62d 63d 82d
1d 20d 21d 33d 34d 42d 43d 62d
44d 49d 50d 62d
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
17/23
CPM Example Exercise
Backward Pass Results
A
6d
B
11d
C
20d
H
20d
J
20d
D
13d
E
9d
F
20d
G
6d
I
13d
1d 6d 7d 17d 18d 37d 63d 82d
1d 20d 21d 33d 34d 42d 43d 62d
34d 39d 40d 52d
4d 9d 10d 20d 43d 62d 63d 82d
1d 20d 21d 33d 34d 42d 43d 62d
44d 49d 50d 62d
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
18/23
CPMFloat (or Slack) and Critical
Path
Additional Network calculations provides otherimportant information allowing analysis andcontrol: Total Float (TF)The amount of time an activity can
be delayed without delaying the overall projectcompletion, which is equal to Late Finish minus EarlyFinish.
Free Float (FF)The amount of time an activity canbe delayed without delaying the start of another
activity. Can be determine by subtracting the smallestTotal Float going into an activity from eachpredecessor into that activity.
Critical PathThe path through the Network that hasthe longest total duration, thus it defines the shortestperiod of time in which the project may be completed.
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
19/23
Float Calculation Example
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
20/23
CPM Example Exercise
Continue with Exercise
A
6d
B
11d
C
20d
H
20d
J
20d
D
13d
E
9d
F
20d
G
6d
I
13d
1d 6d 7d 17d 18d 37d 63d 82d
1d 20d 21d 33d 34d 42d 43d 62d
34d 39d 40d 52d
4d 9d 10d 20d 43d 62d 63d 82d
1d 20d 21d 33d 34d 42d 43d 62d
44d 49d 50d 62d
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
21/23
CPM Example Exercise
Float Results
A
6d
B
11d
C
20d
H
20d
J
20d
D
13d
E
9d
F
20d
G
6d
I
13d
1d 6d 7d 17d 18d 37d 63d 82d
1d 20d 21d 33d 34d 42d 43d 62d
34d 39d 40d 52d
4d 9d 10d 20d 43d 62d 63d 82d
1d 20d 21d 33d 34d 42d 43d 62d
44d 49d 50d 62d
3d 3d 25d 0d
0d 0d 0d 0d
10d 10d
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
22/23
CPM Example Exercise
Critical Path Traced
A
1d 6d 6d
4d 3d 9d
B
7d 11d 17d
10d 3d 20d
C
18d 20d 37d
43d 25d 62d
H
63d 20d 82d
63d 0d 82d
J
1d 20d 20d
1d 0d 20d
D
21d 13d 33d
21d 0d 33d
E
34d 9d 42d
34d 0d 42d
F
43d 20d 62d
43d 0d 62d
G
34d 6d 39d
44d 10d 49d
I
40d 13d 52d
50d 10d 62d
-
8/13/2019 05b-Perencanaan Proyek Lanjutan-pdm, Cpm
23/23
SEKIAN
23