03.historical development of microbiology

7/24/2019 03.Historical Development of Microbiology

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Historical Development ofMicrobiology

Historical MilestonesDevelopment of Microbiology


2/27

Antony van Leeuwenhoeks (16!"1#!$

Discovery of the Microscope %pene& the worl& to the fascinating

worl& of microbes critically an& e'plicitly &escribe& the

ner &etails of a plethora ofmicroorganisms viz., protozoa,

algae, yeast, an& bacteria


3/27

The earlier observations ofmicroorganisms were madeduly by several researchers

chronologically


4/27

Roger Bacon (122012!2" #

rst ever postulate& that a&isease is cause& by

invisible living creatures)


5/27

$irolamo %racastoro (1&'1))"and *nton von +lenciz (1-2" #

these two reseachers also ma&esimilar observations* assertions* an&suggestions but without anye'perimental concrete evi&ences+proofs)


6/27

*thanasius .ircher (1-011-'0"

ma&e reference of these/worms that are practicallyinvisible to the nake& eyes an&

foun& in &ecaying meat* milk*bo&ies* an& &iarrhealsecretions)

,ircher was* in fact* the pioneer

in pronouncing the cogni-ancean& signicance of bacteria an&other microbes in &isease(s$)


7/27

*ntony van eeuwenhoe (1-212"

initiate& the herculian task ofmicroscope makingthrough hisinherent hobby of lens making.During his lifespan stretching over to./ years he meticulously &esigne&more than !0 microscopes 2 ofwhich the most powerful one coul&magnify about ! " times only)

light microscope that has theability to even magnify from 1*"* times)


8/27

3pontaneous$eneration 4s

Biogenesis


9/27

5ohn 6eedham (1171'1"

1#3/* while e'perimentingwith raw meat being e'pose&to hot ashes* he observe&

meticulously the appearanceof organisms that were notpresent at the initial stages2an&* therefore* inferre& thatthe bacteria virtuallyoriginate& from the raw meatitself)


10/27

azaro 3pallanzani (12!71!!"

actually boile& /beef broth for a &urationof 6 minutes* an& subse4uently seale&the 5asks tightly) After usual incubationfor a certain length of time* practically no

microbes appeare&) However* ee&ham never got convince&with 7pallan-anis n&ings* an&vehemently insiste& that /air happene& tobe an essential component to the process

of spontaneous generation of themicrobes* an& that it ha& been a&e4uatelye'clu&e& from the 5asks by sealing themprecisely by the later)


11/27

7Theodor 3chwann (1'101''2"#

these two scientists in&epen&entlyfully en&orse& an& 8ustie& the earliern&ings of 7pallan-ani by allowing airto pass through strong aci& solutionsinto the boile& infusions* an& bypassing air into the 5asks via re&"hot

tubes respectively 9n neither instance &i&microorganisms appear)


12/27

89 3chr:der and T9 von ;usch (erm


16/27

$irolamo %racastro (1&'1))"

a&vocate& that certain&iseases might be cause&by virtue of invisibleorganisms transmitte&

from one sub8ect toanother)


17/27

+lenciz (1-2"

state& that the livingmicrobes (or agents$ are the

ultimate cause of &isease butat the same time aire& hisviews that &ierent germswere responsible for &ierentailments)


18/27

>liver ?endell 8olmes (1'0!1'!&"

suggeste& that puerperalfever was highly contagious

in nature 2 besi&es* it wasperhaps cause& by a germcarrie& eventually from onemother to another either bymi&wives or physicians)


19/27

@gnaz +hilipp 3emmelweis (1'1'1'-)"

pioneere& the usage ofantiseptics specicallyin the obstetricalpractices)


20/27

5oseph ister (1'!0"

ma&e known in nglan& theimportance of antisepsis,

which was subse4uentlyfully appreciate& by the

medical profession alland sundry9


21/27

Robert .och (1'&1!10"

&iscovere& the typicalbacilli having s4uarish

en&s in the bloo& sample of cattle that ha&

&ie& &ue to anthra')E


22/27

.ochs Modus Operandi ,och a&opte& the following steps to isolatemicrobes causing anthra'F (1$ @irst of all these bacteria were &uly grown in culturesin the laboratory)

(!$ Gacteria e'amine& microscopically so as to ascertainonly one specic type was present)

($ 9n8ecte& bacteria into other animals to observewhether they got also infecte&* an& subse4uently

&evelope& clinical symptoms of anthra') (3$ 9solate& microbes from e'perimentally infecte&

animals s4uarely matche& with those obtaine& originallyfrom sheep that &ie& &ue to infection of anthra')


23/27

.ochs +ostulates (a$ A particular microbe (organism$ may invariablybe foun& in association with a given &isease)

(b$


24/27

That started the?onderful ?orld of

Aicrobes


25/27

@uture


26/27

:harmaceuticalMicrobiology


27/27

! min Greak

03.historical development of microbiology

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