03 bus ops&org
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Principles of Business, Marketing, and Principles of Business, Marketing, and FinanceFinanceLesson ThreeLesson Three
Business Operations and Organizational Structures Business Operations and Organizational Structures
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Business Organization and ManagementBusiness Organization and Management
• How a Company is Run• Managerial Structures
– Organizational chart-shows how the business is structured and who is in charge of whom
– Line authority-managers at the top of the organization are in charge of those beneath them
– Centralized organization-gives authority to a number of different managers to run their own departments
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Types of Organizational Structure
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Guidelines for BusinessesGuidelines for Businesses
• Mission Statement-short specific reason why the business exists and what it wants to achieve
• Goal-precise statement of results the business expects to achieve
• Policies-guidelines used in making consistent decisions
• Procedures-descriptions of the way work is to be done
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Principles of Effective Principles of Effective OrganizationOrganization
• Responsibility-the obligation to complete specific work
• Authority-right to make decisions about how responsibilities should be accomplished
• Accountability-taking responsibility for the results achieved
• Unity of Command-clear reporting relationship for all staff of a business
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Principles of Effective Organization
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How Departments are How Departments are OrganizedOrganized
• By function
• By product
• By location
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Levels of ManagementLevels of Management
• Top Level Managers– Set goals– Plan for the future
• Middle Managers– Carry out the decisions of top
management– Plan and control operations
• Operational Managers– Oversee daily operations– Supervise workers to meet
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PlanningPlanning
• Long-range planning-top-level management decides how the company should perform
• Planning Questions Management Must Address– What must be done?– Who will do it?– How will the work be grouped?– Who supervises whom?– Who makes decisions about the work to be done?
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Questions of the Planning Questions of the Planning ProcessProcess
• Applied and answered when leaders meet with the management team
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OrganizingOrganizing
• Assign managers different tasks
• Coordinate activities of managers
• Each manager organizes his/her department and knows what other managers are doing
• Must determine who makes decisions and who answers to whom
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LeadingLeading
• Set Standards
-so managers know their goals
• Communicate with Managers
-to provide guidance and resolve conflicts
• Encourage Employees
-offer incentives such as pay raises and promotions
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ControllingControlling
• Keeping the Company on Track-to meet all goals– Keep track of the budget, the
schedule, and the quality of the product
– Monitor employees and review their performance
– Monitor customer satisfaction
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ManagersManagers
• Most Managers– Begin their careers as company employees– Are promoted after they have gained experience and
have shown leadership qualities
• Managerial Qualities– Ability to perform varied activities– Ability to work under pressure– Effective communication– Interpersonal skills– Ability to gather and use information
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Advantages Associated with Advantages Associated with Being a ManagerBeing a Manager
• Higher earnings• Prestige• More influence on how the
company is run• Greater control over
personal time
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Disadvantages Associated Disadvantages Associated with Being a Managerwith Being a Manager
• Take the blame when things go wrong
• Wrong decisions are costly and can affect numerous employees
• Can have an adverse affect on relationship with lower-level employees
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TeamworkTeamwork
• Collaboration is important• Flexibility, creativity, good
communication, shared goals
• Work as a team-to accomplish company goals
• Brainstorm for solutions• Listen to team members
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