Graphical Presentation

Dr.Srilakshminarayana.G

Qualitative Data(Nominal and Ordinal)

Bar and Pie Charts

Examples-Bar Chart1. Petrol Prices: State wise.

2. Expenses based on type of Job.

3. Stock market prices of few companies listed on BSE on 17.06.2014.

4. Budget allotment: Sector wise.

5. Number of Books discipline wise.

Examples-Pie Chart1. Percentage of seats: Party wise 2014 elections.

2. Consumption of electricity.

3. Percentage of individuals based on Profession.

4. Split of the students.

5. Movies.

Quantitative Data(Interval and Ratio)

Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Ogives

Group Data Dividing data into groups or classes or intervals Groups should be:

Mutually exclusive Not overlapping - every observation is assigned to only one group

Exhaustive Every observation is assigned to a group

Equal-width (if possible) First or last group may be open-ended

Frequency Distribution Table with two columns listing:

Each and every group or class or interval of valuesAssociated frequency of each group

Number of observations assigned to each group Sum of frequencies is number of observations

N for population n for sample

Class midpoint is the middle value of a group or class or interval

Relative frequency is the percentage of total observations in each classSum of relative frequencies = 1

Histogram A histogram is a chart made of bars of different heights.

Widths and locations of bars correspond to widths and locations of data groupings

Heights of bars correspond to frequencies or relative frequencies of data groupings

An example

Management of an appliance store recorded the amounts spent at the store by

the 184 customers who came in during the last day of the big sale. The data,

amounts spent, were grouped into categories as follows: $0 to less than $100,

$100 to less than $200, and so on up to $600, a bound higher than the amount

spent by any single buyer. The classes and the frequency of each class are

shown in Table 15. The frequencies, denoted by f(x), are shown in a

histogram in Figure 15.

Examples1. Marks Scored by students.2. Department store customer data.3. Time taken to deliver a product.4. Investments made by people in real estate.5. Number of defective items produced.6. Number of accidents in the city.7. Items stored (inventory).

Graphical and TabularPresentation using Pivot table and chart

1. Flipkart-Books data.

2. Employee satisfaction.

3. EPL data.

4. Movies data.

Time Plots1. Petrol Prices.2. Gas Prices.3. Stocks2008.

Tabular Presentation

Qualitative1. Frequency Distribution.2. Relative Frequency

Distribution.3. Percent Frequency

Distribution.4. Cross tabulation.

Quantitative1. Frequency Distribution.2. Relative Frequency

Distribution.3. Percent Frequency

Distribution.4. Cumulative Frequency

Distribution.5. Cumulative Relative

Frequency Distribution.6. Cumulative Percent

Frequency Distribution.7. Cross tabulation.