02 zxr10-bc-en-ip network basics (ip addressing and subnetting)-2-ppt-201105 32

8/13/2019 02 ZXR10-BC-En-IP Network Basics (IP Addressing and Subnetting)-2-PPT-201105 32

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Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you will beable to:

Know about IP address classification and calculation

Be familiar with subnet and mask


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Contents

IP Address Classification

Subnet and IP Address Calculation

VLSM


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IPv4 Address Function

Uniquely and logically identifies end stations

Packet forwarding is based on IP address

172.17.0.2172.17.0.1

SA DAHDR DATA

10.13.0.1 192.168.1.1


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IP Address

32 bits

255 255 255 255Maximum

Network Host

128

64

32

168421

11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111

10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100

Binary

172 16 122 204Decimal

Binary

1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32

128

64

32

168421

128

64

32

168421

128

64

32

168421


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Classification

Class A:

Class B:

Class C:

Class D: Multicast Address

Class E: Reserved for Research

Network Host Host Host

Network Network Host Host

Network Network Network Host

8 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits


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1Class A:

Bits:

0NNNNNNN Host Host Host8 9 16 17 24 25 32

Range (1-126)

Class B: 10NNNNNN Network Host HostRange (128-191)

Class C: 110NNNNN Network Network Host

Range (192-223)

Class D: 1110MMMM Multicast Group Multicast Group Multicast Group

Range (224-239)

Valid Network Numbers


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Reserved IP Address

Network 127.0.0.0

Network 0.0.0.0

All0hostaddress

All1hostaddress

Host 255.255.255.255


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Default Subnet Mask

Class ofAddress

Size ofnetwork part

Size of hostpart

Default mask

A

B

C

8

16

24

24

16

8

255.0.0.0

255.255.0.0

255.255.255.0


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Contents

IP address classification

Subnet and IP address calculation

VLSM


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Addressing Without Subnets

172.16.0.0 172.17.2.0

172.19.0.0

172.18.0.0

Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0

A

B


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Addressing With Subnets

172.16.1.0 172.16.2.0

172.16.3.0

172.16.4.0

Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

A

B


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Subnet Mask And Prefix

172 16 0 0

255 255 0 0

255 255 255 0

Network Host

Subnet Host

11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000

Network Host

Network

DefaultSubnet

Mask

IPAddress

8-bitSubnet

Mask

Also written as /16 where 16 represents the number of 1sin the mask.

Also written as /24 where 24 represents the number of 1sin the mask.


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Address Formats When Subnetting

Subnet

Network Subnet Host

Network Subnet Host

Network Host

Class A:

Class B:

Class C:

8 24-x x

16 16-x x

x24 8-x

172.16 2 160

Network Host

. .

Subnet

. .255.255 255 0


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Conversion between Binary and Decimal

128

64

32

168421

11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111

10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100

172 16 122 204

1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32

128

64

32

168421

128

64

32

168421

128

64

32

168421

Weight:

172=128+32+8+4 128+64+8+4=204


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Boolean AND

0 AND 0 yields 0

0 AND 1 yields 0

1 AND 0 yields 0

1 AND 1 yields 1

0 1 1 0

0 0 1 1

0 0 1 0

Boolean AND

Rules Example


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How Many Hosts And Subnets

Process:

Step 1:The class rules define the network part.

Step 2:The mask binary 0s define the host part.

Step 3:What is left over defines the size of subnet part

Step 4:Number of subnets=2number-of-subnet-bits

Step 5:Number of hosts per subnet=2number-of-host-bits-2


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172 16 0 0

00000000 00000000

87654321

Network Host

00000001

11111111 1111111111111110

...

...

00000011

11111101

123

254255

256-

...

2

254

N

2N-2= 28-2 = 254

...

10000000

Subnet mask:

255.255.255.0

Subnet

87654321

00000001

11111110

Example


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Converting table

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 128

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 192

1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 = 224

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 = 240

1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 = 248

1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 = 252

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 = 254

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 255

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1Weight:


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Finding The Subnet Number

172.16.2.160

255.255.255.192

10101100

11111111

10101100

00010000

11111111

00010000

11111111

00000010

10100000

11000000

10000000

00000010

16172 2 128Subnetnumber

128

192

224

240

248

252

254

255

128

192

224

240

248

252

254

255

Network HostSubnet

ANDresult


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Finding The Subnet Broadcast Address

172.16.2.160

255.255.255.192

10101100

11111111

10101100

00010000

11111111

00010000

11111111

00000010

10100000

11000000

10000000

00000010

16172 2 191

Network HostSubnet

ANDresult

hostbitssetto1 10101100 00010000 00000010 10111111

Broadcast


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Finding The Valid Range of IP Addresses

172.16.2.160

255.255.255.192

10101100

11111111

10101100

00010000

11111111

00010000

11111111

00000010

10100000

11000000

10000000

00000010

16172 2 129

Network HostSubnet

ANDresult

Firstavailable 10101100 00010000 00000010 10000001

Firstvalid

Lastavailable 10101100 0001000000000010 10111110

Lastvalid 16172 2 190


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Address Calculating Summary

10100100

11111111

10100100

00010000

11111111

00010000

11111111

00000010

01100000

11000000

01000000

00000010

10100100 00010000 00000010 01111111

10100100 00010000 00000010 01000001

10100100 00010000 00000010 01111110

Host

Mask

Subnet

Broadcast

Last

First

164.16.2.96

255.255.255.192

164.16.2.64

164.16.2.127

164.16.2.65

164.16.2.126

16164 2 96


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Which Subnet Masks Meet Requirement

Subnetnumber

Host numberper Subnet

ClassSubnetmask

200 200 B ?

2N-2 2M-2 N+M=16 N=M=8


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Address Class Network Host

10.2.1.1

128.63.2.100

201.222.5.64

192.6.141.2

130.113.64.16

256.241.201.10

IP address Classification Exercise


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Subnet Mask Exercise

Address Subnet Mask Class Subnet

172.16.2.10

10.6.24.20

10.30.36.12

255.255.255.0

255.255.240.0

255.255.255.0


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Broadcast Address Exercise

Address Class Subnet Broadcast

201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248

Subnet Mask

15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0

128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252

153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128


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Contents

IP address classification Subnet and IP address calculation

VLSM


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C

172.16.14.32/27

172.16.14.64/27

172.16.14.96/27

HQHQB

A

Derived from

172.16.0.0/16

Derived from

172.16.14.0/24

Derived from

172.16.14.128/27

C

Variable Length Subnet Mask


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Subnetted Address: 172.16.14.0/24In Binary 10101100. 00010000.00001110.00000000

VLSM Address: 172.16.14.0/27

In Binary 10101100. 00010000.00100000.0000000000100000010000000110000010000000

172.16.14.32/27172.16.14.64/27172.16.14.96/27172.16.14.128/27

VLSM Address: 172.16.14.128/27

In Binary 10101100. 00010000.00100000.1000000000100010000110010000

172.16.14.132/30172.16.14.136/30172.16.14.140/30

VLSM Subnet

VLSM Subnet

VLSM Calculating


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Summarization

IP address classification Subnetting and calculation

VLSM


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02 zxr10-bc-en-ip network basics (ip addressing and subnetting)-2-ppt-201105 32

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