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TRANSCRIPT
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How to manage PCV2 in gilts?
Dr Jean-Bernard HERIN, Avian and Swine technical and marketing manager Dr Guillaume PERREUL, Swine technical manager
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Agenda
• PCV2 and purchased gilts: what is their status versus PCV2 infection?
• PCV2 and gilt acclimatization: benefit of PCV2 vaccination:– purchased gilts – self replacement gilts
• Circovac and results at first farrowing
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Material and methods
• 30 nucleus farms• Supplying 4 French pig companies
(representing 25% of French pigs)• No PCV2 vaccination on gilts• 5 gilts/farm sampled on testing • Lab analysis performed: ELISA PCV2
(Synbiotics test)
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ELISA PCV2 SYNBIOTICS and interpretation
• Reproductibility:– 30% of variation is considered as normal for this technic
• Seroconversion:– Paired sera– PCV2 titre should double
• Objective: to assess antibodies level homogeneity (like PPV)
Forum d’Athènes
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ELISA PCV2 SYNBIOTICS: What kind of applications?
• Gilts PCV2 antibodies status• Quality of vaccination:
– sows– piglets: colotrum intake assessment only
• PCV2 infection– Seroconversion
• Fetal exposure to PCV2:– reproductive failures – thoracical and abdominal fluid
Forum d’Athènes
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Results: company A
Farm A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6
PCV2 ELISA titre
2077 240 11144 1624 4673 3163
SD (%) 62 52 42 141 102 125
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Moyenne (titre elisa)
Coefficient de Variation (%)
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Results : company P
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10
0
50
100
150
200
250
Moyenne (titre elisa)
Coefficient de Variation (%)
Farm P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10
PCV2 ELISA titre
840 585 1712 100 1216 300 1014 2429 6592 3145
SD (%) 123 191 73 100 78 34 146 59 66 84
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Results: company C
Farm C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8
PCV2 ELISA titre
327 11 349 6592 8949 3003 4457 1022
SD (%) 144 114 188 66 65 63 139 138
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Moyenne (titre elisa)
Coefficient de Variation (%)
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Results: company D
Farm D1 D2 D3 D5 D6
PCV2 ELISA titre
3455 2611 54 48 15000
SD (%) 187 94 104 88 0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Pf1-29 Pf2-29 Pf3-29 Pf5-29 Pf6-29
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Moyenne (titre elisa)
Coefficient de Variation (%)
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Low and heterogeneous titers: which consequences?
• Gilts adaptation:– Heterogenous immune status at entry– Risk of PCV2 infection and circulation
• PCVD: – PCV2 immune status of sows heterogeneous
=> piglets with heterogeneous status at weaning => increased risk of PCVD
– PCVD control: major role of CMI• Increased CMI transfered to piglets in vaccinated sows
• Impact on reproductive disorders? – Pr Sarli’s study
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Infected sows Négative sows
Pregnant : YES Pregnant : NO Pregnant : YES
16 11 7 0 0 0 11 0* 8
1/102
1/103
1/103
1/104
1/104
1/103
1/103 1/10
41/10
4
PCR PCV2 in blood at D+AI 21 - 35 - 21 7 28 - - - -
Tonsil - - - + - - - - -
Uterine left lymph node + - - - - - - - -
Uterine right lymph node + - - + - - - - -
Tracheo-bronchial lymph node + - - / - / - - -
Cervix - - - - + - - - -
Foetuses (positive/total litter) 10/16 - 3/7 - - - - - -
Amniotic fluids
(positive/total litter)- 1/11 - - - - - - -
Foetus and corresponding uterine tract
(left)7 - - - - + - - -
Foetus and corresponding uterine tract
(right)1 - - - - - - - -
* 3
fœtu
ses
abor
ted
befo
re n
ecro
psy
Sow 25 : the lowest titer and the biggest pcv2
contamination in genital tract
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Pr Hans NAUWYNCK
DVM, PhD – Laboratory of Virology –
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – Ghent University - Belgium
What should we do?
« You will have to test gilts before entering in farm, and you must not introduce naïve gilts to PCV2.Not to vaccinate gilts against PCV2 is a mistake.»
« You have just one thing to do: vaccinate them, as you do against PPV.»
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Agenda
• PCV2 and purchased gilts: what is their status versus PCV2 infection?
• PCV2 and gilt acclimatization: benefit of PCV2 vaccination:– purchased gilts – self replacement gilts
• Circovac and results at first farrowing
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Vaccination study with Circovac at the experimental station of Guernevez
Impact on acclimatization and performances of high health
status gilts
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High microbial pressure (PCV, SIV)
All gilts seroconverted to PCV2 (ELISA)= infected with PCV2
What could you expect with only PCV2 management?
Gilt health status in quarantine
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Material and methods
Animals• 5 vaccinated batches (n= 82)• 4 control batches (n=93)
Circovac vaccination • Primo vaccination of gilts:
– 5 and 2 weeks before entering in quarantine
• Primo vaccination of sows:– 6 and 3 weeks before farrowing
• Booster: 3 weeks before farrowing
AA
BB
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Results:clinical monitoring in quarantine
Week N 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Non vaccinated
B 20 18Appe (3)Anor (1)
Limp (3) Appe (1) Anor (2)
Nothing Nothing Limp (1) Appe (1) Anor (2) Anor (1)
B 21 18Appe (1)Anor (2)
Appe (1) Appe (1) Appe (2)Appe (2)Diar (2)
Appe (2)Anor (1)
Appe (2)Diar (3)
Appe(2)
B 22 19 Nothing Appe (1) Anor (1) NothingAppe (1)Death (1)
Nothing Nothing Nothing
B 23 20 Appe (1)Appe (1)Death (1)H++ (1)
Appe (1)Anor (1)
Nothing Anor (1)Anor (1)
Death (1)Anor (4) Nothing
B 24 17 Anor (3) Appe (2) Nothing Nothing Appe (1)Loss of weight
Anor (2) Appe (1)
VaccinatedB 26 18 Nothing Nothing Nothing Nothing Nothing Nothing Anor (1) Nothing
B 27 16 Anor (1) Nothing Nothing Nothing Nothing ND ND ND
B 29 15 Nothing Anor (2) Nothing Nothing Nothing Nothing Anor (1) Nothing
B 30 15 Nothing Nothing Nothing Dia (1) Nothing Nothing Nothing Nothing
• H+ = Hyperthermia from 39,5 to 39,9°C. H++ = Hyperthermia from 40,0 to 40,5°C. H+++ > 40,5°C
•Figure in brackets means number days with clinical signs.
• Diar = Diarrhoea – Appe = Lack of appetite, left-overs- Anor = Anorexia (too much left-overs)- Para = Paralysis - Limp = Limping.
•Figure in brackets means number days with clinical signs.
• ND =No Defined - Death = Mortality.
•Figure in brackets means number of gilts
Less clinical signs in quarantine in the vaccinated batches!
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Results:ADWG in quarantine
318
282
355337
327
417
471
434 434
250
300
350
400
450
500
B20 B21 B22 B23 B24 B26 B27 B29 B30
Non vaccinated ≈ 325 g/d
Vaccinated
≈ 439 g/d
p < 0,001
Improvement of ADWG of vaccinated gilts!
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ADWG 3 weeks after insemination
224
403
200
250
300
350
400
450
Non vaccinated Vaccinated
g/j
ou
rg
/day
Better acclimatization of gilts at entry in farm
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Results:weight at the first farrowing
202,5
225,1
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
230Weight (kg)
VaccinatedNon
vaccinated
p < 0,05
Importance of the weight at first farrowing(Rolland CARIOLET – « paysan breton »
13th-19th June 2008)
• Under 200 kg at first farrowing, a gilt can’t suckle more than 10 piglets
• From 200 to 210 kg: 11 piglets
• From 210 to 220 kg: 12 piglets
• > 220 kg she can wean 13 piglets
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Total born piglets at 1st farrowing
13,03
13,5
12,7
12,8
12,9
13
13,1
13,2
13,3
13,4
13,5
13,6
Non vaccinated Vaccinated
+0.5 total born in vaccinated group
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Conclusion
• In quarantine:– better gilt acclimatization: less clinical signs– better growth
• At insemination:– better growth
• At first farrowing:– improvement of born piglets/ litter
Improvement all along the gilt life!
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Improvement of reproductive parameters of gilts after Circovac vaccination
Michel NoirritDVM - France
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Farm description
• 1600 sows, farrow to finish, Brittany, France
• Internal breeding, GP Topigs A producing Topigs 40 gilts
• Gilts raised separately, 12 weeks in quarantine
• No clinical signs of PMWS after weaning
• PRRS – mass vaccination with
PROGRESSIS® every 3,5 months
– stable situation
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Case description
Reproduction parameters
Conception rate (all sows) 95.21% Abortion rate (all sows) 3.75 % Abortion rate (gilts) 7.27 % Mummified foetuses 0.3/litter Still born piglets 0.73/litter
Wean to finish mortality rate 3.5 to 4.5%
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Case description
• 15 gilts introduced every week – in a batch of 70 sows– after PRRS, parvovirus and erysipelas vaccination in
quarantine
• Individual housing up to 25 days after AI, then group housing (welfare regulation)
• Abortions up to 80 days of pregnancy: – PCR Leptospira, PRRSV, parvovirus: negative– PCR PCV2: positive on 4 hearts of aborted foetuses
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PCV2 Circovac vaccination
• Circovac vaccination on gilts – 11/15 batches– 2 injections during quarantine + booster injection
3 weeks before farrowing
• Circovac mass vaccination of the sow herd– 2 injections at a 3-week-interval
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Reproductive parameters before and after Circovac
Non vaccinated gilts
Circovac vaccinated
gilts
p
Gilts (number) 165 165
% return to oestrus 5.1 % 1.8 % 0.125
% abortion (n°) 7.3% (12) 3.6% (6) 0.146
% farrowing 83.9 % 90.5 % 0.072
Mummies/litter 0.3 0.3
Stillborn/litter 0.8 0.8
Weaning to Fecundation interval
8.7 days 5.5 days NA
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Conception rate of young sows and immunity
• Fertility rate over 95% = good management of AI• Long period of adaptation
– 12 weeks quarantine– PRRS stabilisation, SMEDI primo-infection
• Nevertheless: 62.5% of returns to heat on parities 1 and 2 before Circovac vaccination
= lack of immunity of naïve young females suspected
PCV2 vaccination seems necessary even without clinical signs of PMWS
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Agenda
• PCV2 and purchased gilts: what is their status versus PCV2 infection?
• PCV2 and gilt acclimatization: benefit of PCV2 vaccination:– purchased gilts – self replacement gilts
• CIRCOVAC and results at first farrowing
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PORFIMAD study
•
• Comparative study on reproductive parameters:• 10 vaccinated farms
•sows and gilts vaccinated with Circovac for at least one year
• 9 control farms •non vaccinated
28x106/year 18x106/year 0,9x106/year
1,2 106 800x103 44x103
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Total born/litter Born alive/litter
13,3
12,8
12
12,2
12,4
12,6
12,8
13
13,2
13,4
P1
Vaccinated Non vaccinated
+ 0,5
Parity
13,3
12,8
12
12,2
12,4
12,6
12,8
13
13,2
13,4
P1
+ 0,4
Parity
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Conclusion
• In this study: live born piglets from young sows
• Field studies all over the world demonstrate a significant improvement of the breeding performances after vaccination
• Improvement on 1st farrowing:– it could be explained by low contact with PCV2 before
entering in quarantine in some cases (naive animals)– it emphasizes the importance of gilt vaccination
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Discussion
• Low infection rate in gilts in nucleus farms: – Successful management in genetic farms (no rhinitis, no
PRRSV): consequently low viral pressure– But PCV2 is ubiquitous:
• Gilts PCV2 infected with low and heterogenous titers• Some naïve batches (seronegative)
• Introduction of gilts in commercial farm is at risk– Adaptation problems– PCV2 reproductive disorders may happen
• How to protect gilts?– In nucleus farms: vaccination before entering in quarantine– In production farms:
• Routine PCV2 sow vaccination as parvovirus (2 ml, twice)• Booster vaccination before the first farrowing (2 ml)• Role of boar
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Thanks for your attention!