02 - java programming
TRANSCRIPT
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Java ProgrammingFundamental and Flow Control
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Penamaan variabel
Case sensitive dan tidak boleh sama dengan keyword
Diawali dengan huruf, _ , atau $. Dianjurkan menggunakan
huruf untuk awal setiap variabel
Tidak boleh mengandung spasi atau karakter khusus lainnya Jika variabel terdiri dari satu kata, dianjurkan untuk
menggunakan huruf kecil. Dan jika lebih dari satu kata
menggunakan Huruf besar untuk awal kata kedua dan
seterusnya
Variabel didefinisikan dalam format:
type identifier [ = value][, identifier [= value] ...] ;
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Java Keyword
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Tipe data
Java memiliki 8 tipe data standart (primitive types of data) yaitu: byte, short, int, long,
char, float, double, and boolean.
Kedelapan tipe data ini dikelompokkan menjadi:
Integers (byte, short, int dan long)
Floating-point (float and double)
Characters I (char, dapat berisi dari huruf dan angka atau karakter khusus)
Boolean (boolean, menunjukkan nilai true/false)
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Tipe data.
Tipe data Default ukuran Rentang nilai
byte 0 8bit/1byte -128 s.d. 127
short 0 16 bit/2 byte -32,768 s.d 32,767
integer 0 32 bit/4 byte -2,147,483,648 s.d. 2,147,483,647
long 0L 64 bit/8 byte -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 s.d. 9,223,372,036,854,775,807
float 0.0f 32 bit/4 byte 1.4E-45 s.d 3.4028235E38
double 0.0d 64 bit/8 byte 4.9E-324 s.d. 1.7976931348623157E308
char \u0000 16 bit unicode \u0000 s.d. \uffff
boolean false true or false
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Variable scope
Dalam java, sebuah
variabel akan dikenali
didalam blok dimana
variabel tersebutdideklarasikan dan blok-
blok yang ada ditingkat
yang lebih rendah
// Demonstrate block scope.
class Scope {
public static void main(String args[]) {
// known to all code within main
int x;
x = 10;
if(x == 10) { // start new scope
// known only to this blockint y = 20;
// x and y both known here.
System.out.println("x and y: " + x
+ " " + y);
x = y * 2;
}
// y = 100; // Error! y not known here// x is still known here.
System.out.println("x is " + x);
}
}
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OperatorSimple Assignment Operator
= Simple assignment operator
Arithmetic Operators
+ Additive operator (also used for String concatenation)
- Subtraction operator
* Multiplication operator
/ Division operator
% Remainder operator
Unary Operators
+ Unary plus operator; indicates positive value (numbers are positive
without this, however)
- Unary minus operator; negates an expression
++ Increment operator; increments a value by 1
-- Decrement operator; decrements a value by 1
! Logical compliment operator; inverts the value of a boolean
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Operator
Equality and Relational Operators
== Equal to
!= Not equal to
> Greater than
>= Greater than or equal to< Less than
Signed right shift
>>> Unsigned right shift
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Selection, if statement
Syntax:
if (condition) statement1;
else statement2;
atau
if (condition) {
statement1;
}
else {
statement1;
}
Contoh:
int a, b;
// penggunaan if
if(a < b) a = 0;
else b = 0;
int bytesAvailable;
// ...
if (bytesAvailable > 0) {
ProcessData();
bytesAvailable -= n;
}else {
waitForMoreData();
bytesAvailable = n;
}
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Selection, nested if
Syntax:
if(condition)
statement;
else if(condition)
statement;
else if(condition)statement;
.
.
.
else
statement;
Contoh:
class IfElse {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int month = 4; // April
String season;
if(month == 12 || month == 1 || month == 2)
season = "Winter";else if(month == 3 || month == 4 || month == 5)
season = "Spring";
else if(month == 6 || month == 7 || month == 8)
season = "Summer";
else if(month == 9 || month == 10 || month == 11)
season = "Autumn";
else
season = "Bogus Month";
System.out.println("April is in the " + season + ".");
}
}
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Selection, switch
Syntax:
switch (expression) {
case value1:
// statement sequence
break;
case value2:// statement sequence
break;
.
.
.
case valueN:
// statement sequence
break;
default:
// default statement sequence
}
Contoh:class Switch {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int month = 4;
String season;
switch (month) {
case 12:
case 1:
case 2:
season = "Winter"; break;
case 3:case 4:
case 5:
season = "Spring"; break;
case 6:
case 7:
case 8:
season = "Summer"; break;
case 9:
case 10:case 11:
season = "Autumn"; break;
default:
season = "Bogus Month";
}
System.out.println("April is in the " + season + ".");
}
}
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Iteration: while, do..while and for
Syntax:
while(condition) {
// body of loop
}
do {
// body of loop
} while (condition);
for(initialization; condition; iteration) {
// body
}
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Iteration: contoh