02 diversity of_life_and_clas
TRANSCRIPT
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Diversity of Organisms and Classification
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Classification of OrganismsKingdom
Phylum / Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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Species
The smallest group of organisms classified which can interbreed with each other to produce fertile offspring
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Five Kingdom System
Bacteria Protists Fungi Animals Plants
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Bacteria Kingdom
Unicellular, microscopic
No nucleus – Prokaryotic
No chlorophyll– Saprophytic or
parasitic
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Protist kingdom
Unicellular; microscopic Nucleus present
– Eukaryotic Autotrophic or heterotrophic
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Fungus kingdom Eukaryotic Made up of hyphae No root, stem and
leaf No chlorophyll
– Saprophytic or parasitic
Reproduce by forming spores
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Animal Kingdom
Eukaryotic Divided into two groups according to the
presence or absence of backbone:– Invertebrates : without backbone– Vertebrates : with backbone
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InvertebrateCoelenterates
•2 layers of cells•Have tentacles with sting cells•One opening
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Flatworm
•Long and flattened body•Free living or parasitic
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Ringed worms•Long and segmented body•Have chaetae for locomotion
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RoundwomsLong, cylindrical and segmented bodyMost of them are parasites
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•Molluscs
•Soft and unsegmented body•Covered by a hard shell
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Echinoderms
•Marine animals with 5-radial plan body•Have external spines
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Arthropods
• Segmented body
• Have a hard exoskeleton and several pairs of jointed legs
• Divided into 4 classes1. Crustaceans2. Arachnids3. Myriapods4. Insects
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Crustaceans
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Arachnids
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Myriapods
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Insects
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Vertebrates
Divided into 5 groups:– Fish– Amphibians– Reptiles– Birds– Mammals
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Fish Aquatic Cold-blooded Body covered with
wet and slimy scales Streamline body for
easy movement through water
Fins for balance and to control movement
Gills for breathing External fertilization
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Amphibians Cold-blooded Moist, scaleless skin Limbs present
– tetrapods Larvae (tadpoles) use
gills for breathing; adults use lungs
External fertilization
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Reptiles
Cold-blooded Body covered with
dry, hard scales Live on land Breathe with lungs Internal fertilization;
lay shelled eggs
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Birds
Warm-blooded With feathers and
wings Beak for feeding Lungs for breathing Internal fertilization;
lay shelled eggs
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Mammals Warm-blooded Hairs on skin Females have
mammary glands for producing milk
Lungs for breathing Diaphragm present Internal fertilization;
embryos develop inside mothers’ bodies
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Plant Kingdom
Eukaryotic Most plants contains photosynthetic
pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis– Autotrophic
Can be divided into two groups:– Non-flowering plants– Flowering plants
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Non-flowering plants
4 groups:– Algae– Mosses– Ferns– Gymnosperms
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Algae
Aquatic May be unicellular or
multicellular No root, stem or leaf Contain photosynthetic
pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis
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Mosses
With simple leaves and stems No root; with rhizoids for anchorage and
absorption of water Reproduce by spores No vascular tissues Found in damp area
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Ferns
With true roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissues
Reproduce by spores
Live in damp places
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Gymnosperms Reproduction by
producing seeds– Seeds develop in
cones, not enclosed by fruits
naked seeds Needle-shaped
leaves to reduce water loss
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Angiosperms (Flowering plants)
With flowers for reproduction
Seeds are produced inside the fruit (matured ovary)
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Two groups of flowering plantsMonocotyledonsDicotyledons
Cotyledons Two One
Leaf venation Netted Parallel
Root system Tap root system Fibrous root system