01microwave experiments1-4
TRANSCRIPT
1: ............................................................................................................................... 71 ................................................................................................................. 32 1-1- 1-2- 1-3- 1-4- 1-5- ................................................................................................................. 32 .............................................................................................................................................. ..............................................................................................................................................
2 / 1 : 1 .........................................................................................................
2: ............................................................................................... 2-1- SWR ...................................................................... Slotted Line 2-2- .................................................................................... 3: ................................................................... 13 4: ) Scattering
......................................................................................................................................... 43
(Parameters 4-1- 4-2- 4-3-
................................................................................................................. 43 ..................................................... .Error! Bookmark not defined !Error ) (Insertion Loss
.Bookmark not defined 5: ..................................................Error! Bookmark not defined ....................................Error! Bookmark not defined ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined ...................................Error! Bookmark not defined ...Error! Bookmark not defined ..................................................... .Error! Bookmark not defined
5-1- 5-2- 5-3- 5-4-
5-5- 5-6- ................................................................................................................... 6: . .Error! Bookmark not defined 7: (Swept Frequency ........................................................................... .Error! Bookmark not defined )Technique ) .......................................................................................... (Insertion Loss 7-1- ) ........................................................................................... (Re turn Loss 7-2- !Error 8: .Bookmark not defined 11: .............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined .Error! Bookmark not defined
11-1-
Error! Bookmark not defined. Error! Bookmark not defined.
-2-11 -3-11 -4-11 -5-11
Error! Bookmark not defined. ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
11-6- Error! Bookmark not defined. ............................................. 21: Error! Bookmark not defined.
12-1-
Error! Bookmark not defined.............................. Error! Bookmark not defined. ................................. Q Error! Bookmark not defined................................. SWR Q
-2-12 -1-13
Error! Bookmark not defined.............................. Q 31:
-2-13 Error! Bookmark not defined. ..................................................................... 41: Error! Bookmark not defined. 41-1- Error! Bookmark not defined. .................. Error! Bookmark not defined.................................................... Z0 Error! Bookmark not defined.
-2-14 -3-14 -4-14 -5-14 -1-15
Error! Bookmark not defined. dB
Error! Bookmark not defined................................................................. 51: Error! Bookmark not defined. Error! Bookmark not defined..............................
-2-15 Error! Bookmark not defined. ....................... RF 51-3- Error! Bookmark not defined. ............................................... Hybrid - Tee 61: Error! Bookmark not defined. 61-1- Error! Bookmark not defined. .................. E H 61-2- Error! Bookmark not defined. ................................. Hybrid - Tee Error! Bookmark not defined.......................................... H
-3-16 -4-16
0
1GHz. ) ...( . . . . . (MWO)Microwave Office . . (CW)Continuous Wave . :
1 . . 1kHz . . -SWR . 1-
1
. : . 1 . 2 . 1-
2
2-
) (Microstrip ) (Stripline. ) X 8 21 K 81 5.62 ( . . ) 01 ( TE . 3 .
3
3- 01TE
X . 05 . . N SMA. -TEM N 18GHz SMA ) (Precision 26.5GHz. dB : dBm ) ( dBW dBm :) P(dBW ) = 10 log P (W ) P(dBm) = 10 log P(mW 03 + )P(dBW ) = P(dBm
)1(
1uW -60dBW -30dBm. dB .P2 P1 (dB) = 10 log 2P 1P 4
)2(
.
1 1 3dB 30dB 0001 2
: . 1- ): (Waveguide to Coaxial Adapter ) .( 4 . )( 2 / g . )(Probe 01 TE . ) ( .
4-
2- ): (Matched Load . . 5
. 5 . ) ( .
5-
. 3- ): (Variable Attenuator . 3dB 10dB . . ) (1dB. . ) 6( . . ) ( E .
6
6-
4- ): (Phase Shifter . 0 f 0 0 f 0 . . . ) 7( ) 3( . = l r r c
. )3(
. ) 8( 063 .
7- 7
8-
5- ): (Isolator ) ( . )( ) ( . ) ( ) ( . 9 .
9- E H
8
9 ) (E ) (H . . ) 01(
01-
11 .
11-
6- ): (Circulator . 21 1 2 2 3 3 1. ) (. 21 .
9
B
21-
7- )(Microwave detector and Slotted Waveguide ) ( 31 . )( . . . )(VSWR . ) ( .
01
31- )(
8- ): (Directional Coupler ) ( . 41 . . A B )( . 4 / g C D 081 . ) ( ) ( . . . . C B A D
11
1C P
D C 1P
B A 2P
4 g
P3 F
1P
2P
) (P 3R
2P
1P
)( 41-
41 )( ) ( . ) 1 (P ) (P3 F
) (Coupling dB . : ) . C = 10 log(P1 / P3F 10 dB
. ) (Directivity 41 )( ) . D = 10 log(P3F / P3R
21
) D 40 dB(. 9- ): (T-Junction . ) .( E H 081 . 51 .
51- (a) H (b) E
01- 081 T ): (Magic T E H T . 61 .
31
61- T
61 1 2 3 4 081 . T 2 3 . 11- ): (Horn Antenna 71 . . ) ( 15 dB .
41
71-
21- ): (Frequency Meter ) (Re sonant Cavity ) 81(. 111 TE h . . ) ( 1 dB ) ( . . X 5 MHz .
51
81-
61
1 : 1 11 TLDS . LED . LED . . . 006 . 2 / n . 1-1 .
1-1 :
1-1- 1-2 :
1-2 :
:'hold / run switch ....................................................................................................' run 'line length .......................................................................................................................'8 L 'distributed attenuation ................................................................................................' min
1
Transmission Line Demonstrator
71
. ' ' to A . . 006 B 002 1.8 K . .
1-2- 1-3 :
1-3 :
50 560 . ' ' L . 2.5 Hz . 600 . 600 ' ' Link ' '2 L ' '8 L . 1.8 K 600 .
1-3- 1-4 . 1 Hz 8V Peak to Peak . ' ' L . 81
.
1-4 :
0.2 Hz 2 Hz. . 2 Hz . . ' '2 L . 10 K . 10 K . . 2 Hz .
1-4- 1-5 . 2 Hz . ' ' L .
91
1-5 :
' ' max . B ) .( ' '2 L . ' ' min ' ' L. 1-4 . . ' ' max . ) LED .( . ) ( .
1:1
1-5- 2 /
1-6 2 Z Z 1 = 600 .
02
1-6 :
' ' L ' ' min. 2 / ) .( 20V Peak to Peak ) ( . 600 1 Z 2 Z . ) ( 110 F .
12
2 :
) (Null Shift Method .
) UHF (
. .
1 ) ( Z L ) ) (Matched( ) ( ) ( S tan ding Wave . ) S tan ding Wave Ratio SWR ( S .
) ( : )2-1(
= S = SWR
1+ 1
:= 0ZL Z 0ZL + Z
)2-2(
S ) 1 = ( S .2
1 " W . H . Hayt , " Engineering Electromagnetics .
22
2-1- SWR Slotted Line ) ( ) 2-1(. . ) ) (Pr obe ) (Crystal Detector ) ( . .( .
. ) (SWR SWR . ) ( 1 KHz ) ( 1 KHz .
2-1 :
2-2- ) (SWR . : )( ) (.
32
. SWR. L . ) 2-2(
2-2 :
. )( 2 / . : 1. 2 / . 2. 2 / . 3. . ) 1 < 0 < r .( : )( . ) - .( )( . ) 0.15 ( )( 2 / ) .( SWR 1 <
42
L / . : : ) ( 50 5 cm 1 : 3.3 = SWR. 0.1 . = (2 )(5) = 10 cm
.
f = c / = (3 10 8 ) / (0.1) = 3 GHz
1.0 = 01 / 1 = L /
( ) A ( 0.1 36.0 Z L = 0.44 + j Z = 50Z L = 50(0.44 + j 0.63) = 22 + j31.5
2-3 3.3 = SWR ) SWR 1 > r
) .( B :
: 1- L / 2- ) (Capasitive ) (Inductive 3- 0 = L 4- 4 / L =
52
2-3 :
62
2-4 .
2-4 :
1( UHF 1000 MHz 1 kHz ) SWR 1 kHz (. 2( ) (Tuning SWR . 3( .
7.5 cm ( = 30 cm) 1000 MHz 4 / . 50 SWR . : SWR 1 / V SWR : )( ) (Gain SWR 1 ) ( . )( SWR . ) 2-5(
72
2-5 : SWR
4( . ) .( . 5( 1000 MHz . 6( 900 MHz 1200 MHz . 7( )7(- . ) (.
: .
82
2-6 :
92
03
3 : 1kHz
:
10dB 0 ~ 50 dB 0 063 T
SWR
T
. T SWR . T . )( . . 3-1 . .
13
3-1 :
1( 10 V 9.0 GHz . . 5.9 01 5.01 11 .) ( 2( 10 GHz . .3( Screw Tuner
. ) 2 / 1 ( . 4( ) ( ) ( 10GHz
10 GHz . 5.9 01 5.01 11 .
23
) (sliding short ) (3dB . 1- D 2- 3- 4-
33
4 : ) Scattering
(Parameters
) (Passive S .
1GHz ) ( ) (Waveguides . 5 GHz 0.5 dB / m 0.04 dB / m. 1 ) (Modes .
) (Do min ant Mode ) ( . ) ( .
4-1- 01 TE. 4-1 . 01 TE : c = 2a
1 ( : ".1) Brown Sharpe Hughes" Lines Waves and Antennas ".2) Collin" Foundations of Microwave Engineering
43
= fc = g = vp c c = c 2a 0 ) 1 ( fc / f c ) 1 ( fc / f22
: : ) (:
c a 0 ) (0 = c / f.
4-1 : 01TE
4-2- ) ( H Y Z . . ) UHF (: - . - ) (.53
) S ( Scattering . 0 Z . ) 0 = x( :V = Vi + V r 1 Vi = Pi 02 Z2
: :
1 Vr = Pr 02 Z
2
:
a b :=a Vi 0 2Z2
= b2
Vr 0 2Z
:Pi = a Pr = b
4-2 :
) 4-2(. 1 1 a 1 b 2 2 a 2 b . ) 2 (. S ) (:2 b1 = S11a1 + S12 a
63
2 b2 = S 21 a1 + S 22 a
] [b] = [S ][a[S ] =
:
11S
12 S
S12 : S 22
S . 11 S:= 11S 1b 1a =0 = 2a
12V 11V
1= 0 = L
0Z L =Z
11 S ) ( . 22 S . := 12 S2
2b 1a
2 2 0= 2a
=
PL 1Pi
0 Z L =Z
12 S 2 1 .2
12 S ) ( ) 2
( ) 1 2 ( . 21 S )( N. ) ( Insertion Loss 2
) ( Re turn Loss.12 IL = 20 log S 11RL = 20 log S )(dB )(dB )4-1( )4-2(
( IL = 20 dB ) 20 dB ) 10 dB ( ) 0 = 21 ( S S :0 23.0 10 0.32 IL = 3dB
3dB : S N :
73
11 b1 S b S 12 2 . . = . . . . 1 b N S N 21S 22 S . . . . . . S1 N a1 S 2N a2 . . . S NN a N
2SN
.
.
.
S ) (Passive ) ( Active . S ) .( Z 0 = 50 . S L := GP S 12 1 S2
(1 S11S )(1 S 22 L ) S11 S12 L S .
(
2
) )(1 2 L
1( ) (Symmetry S . 4-3 . XX ) YY ( . :44 S11 = S 22 = S 33 = S 32 S14 = S 43 S12 = S 42 S13 = S .....
83
4-3 :
2( ) (Re ciprocity S ij = S ji
) (i j
:
:11 S 21S = S 31 S 21S 22 S 32 S S13 S 23 S 33 3( ) (Lossless S
N :
(a aN 1= n n
* n
* 0 = bn bn
)
: )( S .
S1= n
N
mn
* 0 = S kn
) (m k)( S .
S1= n
N
mn
* 1 = S mn
93
) (Unitary . ) ( .
) (Insertion Loss
4-3-
) ( dB : ) 4-4( 1( ) SWR( . X dB 0 V . 2( 0 V . Y dB. 3( dB . Y X - 1 V 2) V (
4-4 :
04
X a = 0.9 inch = 22.9 mm
) (8.2 GHz < f < 12.4 GHz. :
) 01 (TE ) ( g ) 8.5 ~ 12 GHz ( 0.5 GHz 0) ( ) g ( . .
b = 0.4 inch = 10.2 mm
X
1(
4-5 . 1 KHz . . 2 / 2 / g.
4-5 : ) 1(
. )(
14
1 kHz . 5.8 9 01 11 21 . ) .( 2( 10 GHz ) (C ) (D . ) 4-6( )( ) ( 40 dB ) 0. (V )( ) ( . ) 0 (V. )( C D . . - 1.0 =
4-6 : ) (
24
3( 4-6 X f = 10 GHz
.
)(WaveguideT Junction
.4( S
4-7 11 S12 S 21 S 22 S 32 S 10 GHz . S ii ) ( . S ij SWR ) ( . j . j i . ) .( S ij dB . ) SWR 1 kHz .( .
4-7 :
34
: S ) ( . 5( T S E H T . S ij S ii .
11 S12 S 12 S X 10 GHz .
) (Circulator
6( S
44