016-stemi presentation and case discussion - stemi...• symptom onset to presentation: 30 minutes...

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9/17/2016 1 STEMI Presentation and Case Discussion Scott M Lilly MD PhD, Interventional Cardiology The Ohio State University Contemporary Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Conference Orlando, Florida September 17 th , 2016 Case #1 37 year old male Hypertension, tobacco use Works as a roofer Typical work day, returned home, experienced sudden onset chest pain Presented to local hospital Symptom onset to presentation: 30 minutes ECG obtained Aspirin, ticagrelor, heparin bolus Transferred Estimated Transfer Time: 45 minutes

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Page 1: 016-STEMI Presentation and Case Discussion - STEMI...• Symptom onset to presentation: 30 minutes • ECG ... Composite Endpoint 66 (2.31) 4 ... 016-STEMI Presentation and Case Discussion

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STEMI Presentation and Case Discussion

Scott M Lilly MD PhD, Interventional CardiologyThe Ohio State University Contemporary 

Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular ConferenceOrlando, Florida

September 17th, 2016

Case #1• 37 year old male

• Hypertension, tobacco use

• Works as a roofer

• Typical work day, returned home, experienced sudden onset chest pain

• Presented to local hospital

• Symptom onset to presentation:  30 minutes

• ECG obtained

• Aspirin, ticagrelor, heparin bolus

• Transferred

• Estimated Transfer Time: 45 minutes

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Case #1

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Pathophysiology and Therapy

Lilly et al. 2012Lilly and Wilensky, Curr Pharm Ther 2011

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ACS Management:  Drug Therapy

• Anti‐platelet

– Aspirin

– ADP‐Receptor Inhibitor

• Clopidogrel

• Prasugrel

• Ticagrelor

• Anti‐coagulation

Address Pathophysiology

• Beta‐receptor antagonists

• ACE‐inhibitors

• Statins

Minimize Consequences

Aspirin in ACS 

O’Gara et al. 2013 ACC/AHA STEMI Guideline.O’Gara et al., STEMI Guidelines; The RISC Group. Lancet. 1990

Multiple trials

30‐50%  RR in

death, myocardial 

infarction

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Months of Follow-up

Yusuf S et al. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:494.

CURE: Clopidogrel for UA/NSTEMI 

Clopidogrel + Aspirin(n=6259)

Placebo + Aspirin(n=6303)

P<0.001n=12,562

3 6 90 12

20%Relative RiskReduction

0.12

0.14

0.10

0.06

0.08

0.00

0.04

0.02

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CV

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ADP‐Receptor Inhibitors

CLOPIDOGREL PRASUGREL TICAGRELOR CANGRELOR

Plt inhibition 40‐60% 70% 80‐90% 95‐100%

PharmacologyIrreversible, pro‐

drugIrreversible, pro‐

drugReversible, active drug

Reversible, active drug

Onset 2‐4h h 30 min 30 min 2 min

Duration 3‐10 d 5‐10 d 3‐4 d 60‐90 min

Trials CURE TRTON TIMI‐38  PLATOCHAMPIONPHOENIX

Outcomes Standard CV Mort, MI, 

CVA CV Mort, MI, 

CVA**MI, ST

Dose/Cost QD/+ QD/++ BID/+++ IV/++++

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Balancing Risks

PRASUGREL TICAGRELOR CANGRELOR

Ischemia/MACE Reduced Reduced Reduced

Bleeding Increased No increase Increased

Mortality  No change Reduced No change

ExclusionsCVA/TIA, < 60 kg, 

> 75  yoICH ICH

Platelet Inhibition

Ischemic risk Bleeding risk

Case Conclusion and Take Home Points

• First medical contact to balloon:  82 minutes

• Drug eluting stent to left anterior descending artery

• Pre‐discharge ejection fraction 25‐30%

• Discharge medications included aspirin 81 mg daily, ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily, metoprolol XL 50 daily, and lisinopril 10 mg daily

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Case #2• 73 year old male

• No past medical history

• Awoke with chest pain and diaphoresis

• Progressed, included nausea and emesis

• Presented to local hospital

• Symptom onset to presentation:  ~ 25 minutes 

• ECG obtained

• Aspirin, clopidogrel, heparin bolus

• Transferred

• Estimated Transfer Time:  45 minutes

Case #2

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Clinical Course

• Drug eluting stent to the right coronary artery

• First contact to balloon 90 minutes

• Post‐PCI ejection fraction 60‐65% with mild inferior wall hypokinesis.

• Experienced dyspnea on ticagrelor transitioned to clopidogrel

ADP‐Receptor antagonists have different 

pharmacodynamics.   These differences are 

incredibly relevant when transitioning 

between agents in the vulnerable peri‐

myocardial infarction period.  

Transition between ADP Receptor Antagonists

ACC.16; Min et al., submitted

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Transition between ADP Receptor Antagonists

Maintained Clopidogrel

n = 2857 (94%)

Ticagrelor to Clopidogrel

n = 182 (6%)

P‐Value

Composite Endpoint 66 (2.31) 4 (2.20) 0.999

Myocardial infarction 27 (0.95) 2 (1.10) 0.6915

In‐hospital mortality 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0.999

Cerebrovascular events 3 (0.11) 0 (0.00) 0.999

Bleeding event within 72 hrs 36 (1.26) 2 (1.10) 0.999

ACC.16; Min et al., submitted

Case Conclusion and Take Home Points

• Drug eluting stent to the right coronary artery

• Transitioned from ticagrelor to clopidogrel due to dyspnea

• Pre‐discharge ejection fraction 60‐65% with mild inferior wall hypokinesis.

• Large observational series or randomized trials are needed to establish an optimal algorithm for transition between ADP‐receptor antagonists.  

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Case #3

25

• 60 year old male, hypertension, hyperlipidemia

• Acute substernal chest pain, nausea and emesis

• Called EMS, and to arrived at non‐PCI hospital within an hour of symptom onset

• Inclement weather with anticipated transfer delay of 2.5 hours

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• 60 year old male with inferior STEMI

• Tenecteplase administered, along with aspirin, clopidogrel and heparin

• Transferred to Ross Heart Hospital

• Hemodynamically stable, but with ongoing chest pain

Case #3

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Case #3

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Boersma et al. 1996 Lancet 348: 771‐75

• 22 randomized trials 1983 – 1993, n = 50,246

• Thrombolysis v placebo in STEMI

• Mortality benefit if < 2 hours from symptoms

• Stroke rate 1-2%

Thrombolysis:  Clinical Efficacy

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Horowitz et al. Lancet 2013; 128:803‐810Pinto, ACC.13 “Pharmacotherapy if delay to reperfusion”

New PCI Centers, 1997 - 2008

PCI in 1997

PCI in 2008

No PCI in 1997

Thrombolysis: Why Now?

400 new PCI centers 2001-2006pPCI access increased from 79% to 79.9%

Case Conclusion and Take Home Points

• Rescue PCI, drug‐eluting stent to the distal right coronary artery

• Pre‐discharge ejection fraction 55% with mild inferior wall hypokinesis.

• In STEMI, thrombolysis is indicated if first medical contact to primary PCI time is judged to be > 2 hrs

• Transfer to PCI capable hospital, evaluate for angiography on arrival