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R W A N D A N A T I O N A L L A N D U S E D E V E L O P M E N T M A S T E R P L A N - I N T R O D U C T I O N

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The citizens of Rwanda are proud of their country and theybelieve in a promising future(Vision for the Plan)


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Social reform through land-use planning.

Today land-use planning has expanded to include the development,implementation and evaluation of a wide range of policies, while at the same timecontinuing its underlying focus on community well-being. Urban and regionalplanners, in both developing and developed countries, are specifically concernedwith:

Land use planning and management, especially between rural and urban uses,in coastal zones, among contemporary urban functions, and with regard to

urban form;

Environmental management and risk management in hazard prone areas;

The design of the municipality/city and harmonization of conflicts with thesurrounding region;

Regional planning, with particular interest in global-local interaction, unevenland-use development, industrial location and regional economic growth;

The identification of social needs and the design and provision of services andfacilities to meet these needs;

The distribution of benefits and costs of resource allocation and use amongpeople;

Citizen participation in planning; and

Decision making processes, policy and program evaluation.

The field of land-use planning is experiencing such fundamental changes that are

having a profound impact on the use of computer-based models in planningpractice and education. One of these key changes is the dramatically increasedavailability of powerful and easy-to-use Geographic Information System(s) (GIS)software and hardware.

An appropriately designed, funded and staffed GIS is able to present complexrelationships in a simple and easily understood scenario. The information productsof a GIS are invaluable to the expert and layman alike. With an ever increasingneed to automate and streamline information flows within the organization, the role

of computers, computer networks and the necessary support to maintain a digitalinfrastructure is essential.


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1.5Scenarios

IntroductionChapter 16 will present the land use implication for three developmentscenarios for Rwanda up to 2012. Below is an introduction:

What are Scenarios?

Scenarios are plausible and often simplified

descriptions of how the future may develop, basedon a coherent and internally consistent set ofassumptions about key driving forces andrelationships.

(Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005)

The way we address the future depends on how well we understand thecomplexity and causalities of Rwanda as a system and at the same time howuncertain we are about the future development o key drivers (ofchange/evolution).

Key DriversConsidering a land-use perspective, the proposed key drivers are:

Governance and peoples trust to the government;Demography and population change;Migration and urbanization;Fragmentation of (rural) land;Micro environmental hazards (deforestation, farmland degradation, water andair pollution)Macro environmental hazards (energy provision and global warming)Micro economic trend (entrepreneurship and thriftiness);

Macro economic trends (baisse versus hausse)????.

Of the proposed key drivers, the Macro drivers are basically out of control for thedecision-making bodies in Rwanda while the remaining drivers can be manipulateddomestically.


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How Does It Work?The Plan will try to show the land use aspects of the three scenarios. Not all the key

drivers will have a visual and clear impact on land use. However, put together, the keydrivers will inform about plausible future development. And the future is not going tomove into the both extreme scenarios, most probably the will a variation how key driverswill influence.

The idea is the that during monitoring, for example the review being made in year 2015,the characteristics of the key drivers can be analyzed, trends can be informed about andmeasures can be taken to prevent an unwanted development.


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1.6Maps (Spatial Data)The Plan is accompanied by a state of art portfolio of spatial data:

TheAerial Photography covers almost the whole of Rwanda, about 26, 338sqKm, with low altitude digital aerial photography. Given the difficulties withpermission to fly over the border to nearby countries and the extremely difficultweather conditions, satellite imagery will be used to cover the remaining 4%

excluding Lake Kivu. Production started

in the beginning of June 2008 and endsin spring 2010 and the objective is toproducedigital orthophoto images witha resolution of 0.25 meters using thephotographs. The high resolutionorthophotos are going to be veryinstrumental in the National LandRegistration Project.

In addition, the images are being used toproduce a nationwide coverage ofBaseMaps at 1:50 000, covering the entirecountry that be used for many purposes.For example, the Base Map will veryuseful when the next generation ofDistrict Development Plans will beprepared.

South west and is about 400 sqKm andborders to DRC.


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Figure 2: Orthofoto.

Figure: Index Map above and example below

Figure 3: Basemap

Figure: Index Map above and example below


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Proposed Standards for Map Scales Acc ompanying Planning Instrument s

Hard Copy Scale

Type of Plan

Type of Information Product Purpose

Reports Displays/Single Prints

LAND USE PLANS

National Land Use and DevelopmentMaster Plan

Policy and guiding plan. Conditionalfor other sector national plans and

subordinate land use plans as regardto Areas of National Interest (AIN)

1:1,000,000(A4)

1:250,000 (A0)

District Development Plan Policy and guiding plan for districtdevelopment with proposals fordevelopment of urban and rural areas.

1:250,000(A4)

1:50,000 (A1)

Urban Development Plan Policy and guiding plan orzoning/conditional for development ofgazetted urban areas?

1:50,000 (A4)? 1:10,000(A?)?

STUDA

UDP


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Action Area Plan Detailed and binding directives fordesignated urban/built-up areaspointed out in the Urban DevelopmentPlan or as Projects with major landuse impact in the District DevelopmentPlan. Zoned and strictly conditional.

1:2,000?

(Graph here) Cadastre Property identification.Strictly conditional.

1:500?

AAP


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