01 gsm overview intro

8/8/2019 01 GSM Overview Intro

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Introduction

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A Brief History of GSM

Worldwide Deployment

The Future of GSM

Introduction

Topics


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Each European Country has its own set of rules governing its telephonesystem:

- Physical wiring, voltages, signaling (low-level)

- tones and cadences

- loss/gain plans.

These conditions are generally acceptable since each country can provide

the unique interworking requirements between other countries(International Gateways)

Differences in wireless networks in each country also stem from different

philosophies, frequency availability and local requirements. These

differences prevent simple roaming of handsets between countries.

The formation of the European Economic Community (EEC) removed

many of the European trade barriers encouraging trade andconsequently business travel between the member states. This

heightened the need for communications without restrictions, especially

for Mobile communications.

Introduction

Why GSM?


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In 1982 the European Post and Telecommunications Conference (CEPT)allocated two 25MHz blocks of channels for a future Pan European Cellular

System and established a group called the Groupe Special Mobile

(french).

Sept 1987 operators in the UK, France, Germany and Italy compiled a

Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to co-ordinate efforts to introduce

Pan-European cellular.

By Feb 1989 the GSM group had produced sufficient specifications and

recommendations to allow the development and manufacturing to begin -

Phase 1 GSM. Moved under the newly formed ETSI body who took over

from CEPT.

By Jan. 1992 Phase 1 GSM had stabilized sufficiently to allow the firstnetworks on the Air. In the same year Phase 2 GSM was started with new

improved features, plus some items skipped in producing Phase 1.

By 1994 Phase 2 GSM was completed and sent for Voting. Phase 2+ now

began to specify even more advanced features. There will be no further

phases beyond 2.+

Introduction

The Road to GSM


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* iWC associate member representative, voting delegate for SMG* iWC associate member representative, voting delegate for SMG

U.N.U.N. ITUITU

ETSI*ETSI*

MoUMoU

UMTSUMTS

UTRAUTRA

GSMGSM

MPTMPT ARIBARIB

AustelAustel

UMTSUMTS

CDMACDMA

TTCTTC

CDMACDMA

GSMGSM

ANSIANSI

CDMACDMA

DAMPSDAMPS

next Gen ??next Gen ??

Is136, IS54, IS95Is136, IS54, IS95

NAIGNAIG

IECIEC

ITUITU

SMGSMG

GMMGMM

CCITTCCITT

CCIRRCCIRR

0 - 2 mb/s0 - 2 mb/s 2 -10 mb/s2 -10 mb/s10 - 150 mb/s10 - 150 mb/s 150 - 622 mb/s150 - 622 mb/s

IMT2000IMT2000 BRANBRAN DAWSDAWS WirelessWireless

SDH/SonetSDH/SonetATMATM

committees, WP, recommendations,committees, WP, recommendations,

associations, & standardsassociations, & standards

TIATIA

EIAEIA

Introduction

Global Standards/Organizations


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The intention of the work was to create a complete specificationfor a new mobile system. During the time of the work it became

clear, though, that the specification could not be complete.

There was too much to decide on and the continuous

development in the telecommunication area was hard to foresee.

This resulted in a division of the work into different phases;

1990 - Phase 1 Specifications

1994 - Phase 2 Specifications

1995 - Phase 2+ Specifications

Introduction

Specifications


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1990 - Phase 1 SpecificationsThis contains the basic services of the GSM network and

was frozen in 1990.

Support for international roaming

Good subjective speech quality Low terminal and service cost

Ability to support handheld terminals

Selection of new services and facilities

Spectral efficiency ISDN compatibility (Interfaces)

Discussions to develop 1800Mhz band called DCS1800,based on GSM 900

Introduction

GSM Specifications


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1994 - Phase 2 SpecificationsNew functions and features to improve and extend Phase 1

features:

Half-rate vocoding

ISDN compatibility based on Q.931 World-wide roaming with other GSM networks

Two way messaging

Data/FAX services

Extension of frequency bands for GSM900 ISDN supplementary services

General improvements (handovers, MS operations, signalling,etc..)

Implementation began 95 - 96

Introduction

GSM Specifications


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1995 - Phase 2+ Specifications

Even more extensions:

Enhanced full-rate vocoder

Intelligent network features General packet radio system

High speed circuit switched data

Enhanced management techniques

etc..

Introduction

GSM Specifications


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The MoU work encompasses a large variety of issues in the technical, commercial,regulatory and legal areas. The main areas of past and present activities can besummarized as follows:

Originally signed in 1987 by 13 European signatories from 12 countries

Harmonization of the introduction of GSM networks and services

Definition of billing and accounting principles for the international roaming service

Definition of a standard roaming agreement between GSM operators Liaison with regulators and vendors on the type approval procedures andavailability of mobile terminals

Security and data protection aspects (Encryption Algorithms)

Strategies for the evolution of the GSM standard

Promotion of the standard and exchange of GSM know-how

Open standards and supplier choice with minimal proprietary interfaces

Anti-fraud measures, Regulatory liaison

Funding of various activities

Introduction

Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)


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Telecommunication services are divided into 3 categories:

Teleservices (speech)

Bearer Services (data fax, computer files, images etc).

Supplementary Services (SMS, VM, CF, CB, etc..)

Service provision to a certain subscriber depends on three items;

the Subscription must include this service

the mobile equipment must be able to handle the service, and

the network must be able to offer the service.

GSMGSM

NetworkNetwork PSTNPSTNterminatingterminating

networknetworkusersusers

terminalterminalusersusers

terminalterminal

teleservicesteleservices

bearer servicesbearer services

Introduction

GSM Services


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Bearer Services Asynchronous Data (300-9600 bps)

Synchronous Data (300-9600 bps)

Fax and videotex

Two-way short message service

ISDN bearer services w/ ISDN terminal equipment

PAD services with Packet switched data network

Alternate speech/data

Introduction

GSM Services


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Supplementary Services Call forwarding(CFU, CFB, CFNRy, CFNRc) Call authentication

Call transfer

Call wait(CW)

Call Hold(HOLD)

Conference call - Multi-party service(MPTY)

Closed user group(CUG)

Advice of charge services(AoCI, AoCC)

Calling / called line identification(CLIP, CLIP, CoLP, CoLR)

Call barring(BAOC, BOIC, BAIC, BOICexHC, BIC-roam)

Introduction

GSM Services


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GSM900

890 - 915 MHz uplink frequency, 935-960 MHz downlink frequency (+10 MHzfor E-GSM, adjacent block)

Europe, Australia, China, Africa, Southeast Asia

DCS1800

Upbanded GSM : 1710-1785 MHz uplink frequency, 1805-1880 MHz downlink

frequencyaimed at reaching higher capacities in urban areas

UK, Malaysia, Thailand

PCS1900

Personal Communication System

1850-1910 MHz uplink frequency, 1930-1990 MHz downlink frequencyadaptation of GSM/DCS and CDMA

North & South America

Introduction

Basic Characteristics of GSM


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TDMA over the Radio carrier

8-Full Rate or 16-Half Rate Channels per carrier

Encryption of Voice and Data - three Algorithms provided, up to eightsupported

Uses techniques to reduce battery consumption in the Mobile Stations

Compatibility with ISDN services (DTAP based upon Q.931) Provision for low speed data (up to 9.6Kbps) - currently being extendedto 56Kbps

Ability to send and receive FAX transmissions (up to 9.6Kbps)

Two Way paging functions - Short Message Services (SMS)

Wide range of Supplementary Services (more than anyone couldusefully want!!)

Aligned with Intelligent Network principles

Pan European Roaming, International Roaming

Features are frozen

Introduction

Basic Characteristics of GSM 900


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Uses the 1800Mhz spectrum (1805 - 1880Mhz Uplink), 1710 - 1785Mhz(Downlink)

Similar capabilities to GSM

Due to higher frequency smaller cells (


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GSM is a complete System Specification covering:

Radio Interface

Signalling Interfaces

Data Interworking Requirements

Handset features and functionality

Services Specification

Type approval specifications

The GSM building blocks can be individually extended and tuned, to meet the operators

specific requirements, while still maintaining compatibility with the core specifications.

The specifications are packed with options. Most items are market driven, the technology

is secondary. This makes the system Operator friendly.

Tight specification allows operators to select different vendors for each piece of the

network puzzle. The radio can be supplied by one vendor, switching by another and

Location Registers by another. This increased competition reduces prices. Also the large

potential market (even within Europe) helps drive down costs.

Introduction

The GSM System


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More than 100 MoU signatories representing Europe, China, Australia,Hong Kong, Middle East, Africa, South America and the USA. Onlysignificant absentee is Japan.

The GSM Association currently has operator members in more than210 countries and territories.

More than 1.4 billion subscribers worldwide.

International Roaming

GSM is deployed in all continents of the World.

Dual band GSM900/1800 and GSM900/1900 Market success

Roaming between GSM and AMPS is available.

Satellite operators joined the GSM family.

GSM accounts for 75% of the worlds total digital wireless market.

These Numbers seem to change daily and are very sourcedependent!

Introduction

Deployment Statistics


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The list of services offered by Phase 2 GSM is large, VERY LARGE

Basic Service

Speech, Facsimile Group 3

Short Message Services

Cell Broadcast

Data Services (300bps to 9600bps)

PAD and Packet Access

Supplementary Services

Call Forwarding, four flavors

Call Barring, for incoming or international calls

Call waiting

Multi Party Calling line identity services

Call completion services to Busy Subscribers

Explicit Call Transfer

Advice of Charge

Closed User Group

Introduction

Current Service Offering


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Component Mix and Match makes for an Operator drivennetwork deployment.

Standardization is Operator/market driven by the MoU body.

Large number of vendors and market size, drive down costs.

Technology is cost effective and presents no major obstacles to

cell planning.

The core standards are evolving to meet new demands.

Automatic International Roaming, extremely attractive.

Data service is available.

Proven Technology, ready to be deployed!

Introduction

GSM Benefits


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The Future of GSM

GSM

EFR

GPRS

HSCSDCC

BS

VGCS

Introduction

The Future of GSM


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Introduction

Evolution of Mobile Systems

NMT450 C-NETZ

TACSNMT900

CT0

CT1

CT2

CT3

UMTS IMT2000

2NDGENERATION

3rdGENERATION

1ST

GENERATIONUSA EUROPE

GSM

DCS1800

DECT

IRIDIUM

PCS

1900

CDMA

IS-95

d-AMPS

AMPS

Cord

less


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For the long-term perspective, global standardization bodies are working at the so called next

generation of mobile systems: Universal Mobile Telephone System (UMTS) and InternationalMobile Telephony (IMT2000) using data rates up to 2Mbs.

In Europe ETSI, GSM MoU, and European Regulators has started specifying UMTS, this standardfor a third generation mobile system is meant for launch between 2000-2005. This concept is acontender for next generation. The aim is to cover:

Mobile Multimedia wideband services, including video telephony

New dimensions of service creation and mobility by the virtual home entertainment

Seamless Mobility between cellular, paging, cordless, data, pmr, satelliteenvironments, etc.

Seamless evolution of GSM (based on GSM MAP protocols)

Access to Internet

Separation into core network & Service provider

Service Creation Environment(SCE) will allow innovators to devise new features &services without the delays of standardization

Using Wideband CDMA & TDMA concepts

International Telecommunications Union(ITU) has started specifying IMT2000, where 230Mhz ofSpectrum is reserved for this purpose. Some general principles:

request bandwidth & quality on demand

much, much more...

Introduction

Next Generation


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Designed for the carriers by the carriers to serve the people Flexible architecture, already supports 3 frequency ranges

Network easily upgraded. Multiple sources for infrastructureequipment

Handset size smaller than analog systems Very mature technology, well understood

Feature rich (too rich in some cases)

Evolving continuously, new codecs, services etc.

International roaming extremely successful Mobile data services now available to the masses

Internet MS/Organizer

Introduction

Conclusions


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