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GEOGRAFIE, METEOROLOGIEI MEDIU NCONJURTOR

GEOGRAPHY, METEOROLOGYAND ENVIRONMENT

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SURSA DATELOR

Cercetri statistice: Cercetarea statistic privind cheltuielile pentru

protecia mediului, completat de operatori

economici i unitile administraiei publice.

DATA SOURCE

Statistical surveys: Statistical survey on environment protection

expenditure, filled in by economic operators and

public administration units.

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CUPRINS TABELE PaginaPage

TABLES CONTENTS

GEOGRAFIE I ORGANIZAREADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL

1.1 Poziia geografic a Romniei ..................................... 101.2 Lungimea frontierelor Romniei .................................. 111.3 Principalele altitudini muntoase ................................... 111.4 Lungimea principalelor cursuri de ap de pe

teritoriul Romniei ....................................................... 13

1.5 Principalele lacuri naturale .......................................... 141.6 Principalele lacuri antropice ........................................ 151.7 Altitudinea medie a principalelor orae din Romnia .. 161.8 Organizarea administrativ a teritoriului Romniei,

la 31 decembrie 2011 ................................................. 17

METEOROLOGIE

1.9 Temperatura aerului (media lunar i anual) ............ 181.10 Temperatura aerului (maxima absolut i

minima absolut lunar i anual) .............................. 20

1.11 Precipitaii atmosferice (cantitatea lunar i anual) .. 28

MEDIU NCONJURTOR

Resurse naturale1.12 Ariile protejate, n anul 2011 ........................................ 301.13 Rezervaii ale biosferei, n anul 2011 .......................... 301.14 Parcurile naionale i parcurile naturale,

n anul 2011 ................................................................ 31

1.15 Resursele de ap asigurate, potrivitgradului de amenajare, n anul 2011 .......................... 32

Calitatea factorilor de mediu1.16 Calitatea apelor de suprafa, n anul 2011 ................. 32

Msuri de protecie a mediului1.17 Investiii pentru protecia mediului, n anul 2011 ......... 331.18 Cheltuieli curente interne pentru protecia mediului,

n anul 2011 ................................................................ 34

GEOGRAPHY AND ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION

Geographical position of Romania

Length of Romanias borders

Major mountain peaks

Length of major rivers on Romanian territory

Major natural lakes

Major anthropic lakes

Average height of major towns in Romania

Administrative organisation of Romanian territory,

on December 31, 2011

METEOROLOGY

Air temperature (monthly and yearly average)

Air temperature (monthly and yearly absolute

maximum and absolute minimum)

Precipitations (monthly and yearly quantity)

ENVIRONMENT

Natural resourcesProtected areas, in 2011

Biosphere reservations, in 2011

National and natural parks,

in 2011

Water resources assured, according to the

arrangement level, in 2011

Environment factors qualitySuperficial water quality, in 2011

Environment protection measuresInvestments for environment protection, in 2011

Internal current expenditure for environment

protection, in 2011

3Surse administrative: Institutul de Geografie Bucureti; Inspectoratul General al Poliiei de Frontier din

cadrul Ministerului Administraiei i Internelor;

Administraia Naional de Meteorologie; Ministerul Mediului i Pdurilor; Ministerul Finanelor Publice; Agenia Naional pentru Protecia Mediului; Regia Naional a Pdurilor; Administraia Naional Apele Romne.

GEOGRAFIE I ORGANIZAREADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL

Prezentare

Romnia este situat n centrul geografic al Europei(sud-estul Europei Centrale), la nord de Peninsula

Balcanic, la jumtatea distanei dintre Coasta

Atlanticului i Munii Ural, n interiorul i exteriorul arcului

Munilor Carpai, pe cursul inferior al Dunrii (1075 km)

i cu ieire la Marea Neagr.

De altfel, paralela 45N cu meridianul 25E seintersecteaz n apropiere de centrul geometric al rii, la

100 km N-V de capitala rii, Bucureti.

Cu o suprafa de 238391 km2, Romnia este

a 12-a ar ca mrime a Europei.

Ieirea la mare nlesnete legturile cu rile din

bazinul Mrii Negre, bazinul Mrii Mediterane i, prin

intermediul acesteia, cu restul lumii.

Litoralul romnesc al Mrii Negre se desfoar pe

245 km, ntre grla Musura (grania cu Ucraina) i

localitatea Vama Veche (grania cu Bulgaria).

Relieful Romniei se compune din trei treptemajore: cea nalt a Munilor Carpai (cel mai nalt vrf

Moldoveanu 2544 m), cea medie care corespunde

Subcarpailor, dealurilor i podiurilor i cea joas, a

cmpiilor, luncilor i Deltei Dunrii. Delta Dunrii, cea

mai tnr unitate de relief, n continu formare, are

altitudinea medie de 0,52 m.

Caracteristicile principale ale unitilor de relief sunt

proporionalitatea (31% muni, 36% dealuri i podiuri,

33% cmpii i lunci) i dispunerea concentric a treptelor

majore ale reliefului.

Clima Romniei este temperat-continental detranziie, cu influene oceanice dinspre vest,

mediteraneene dinspre sud-vest i continental-excesive

din est. Temperatura medie multianual este difereniat

latitudinal, respectiv 8C n nord i peste 11C n sud, ialtitudinal, cu valori de -2,5C n etajul montan

(Vrfu Omu - masivul Bucegi) i 11,6C n cmpie(oraul Zimnicea - judeul Teleorman).

Precipitaiile anuale scad n intensitate de la vest la

est, respectiv de la peste 600 mm la mai puin de 500 mm

Administrative sources: Institute of Geography Bucharest; General Inspectorate of Border Police within the

Ministry of Administration and Interior;

National Administration of Meteorology; Ministry of Environment and Forests; Ministry of Public Finances; National Agency for Environment Protection; National Company of Forests; National Administration Romanian Waters.

GEOGRAPHY AND ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION

Description

Romania is situated in the geographical centre ofEurope (south-east of Central Europe) at the north of the

Balkan Peninsula, at half the distance between Atlantic

Coast and The Urals, inside and outside the Carpathians

Arch, on the Danube lower course (1075 km) and has

exit to the Black Sea.

Otherwise, the 45N parallel with the 25E meridianintersects near the geometrical centre of the country,

100 km N-V of the country capital, Bucharest.

Romania is the twelfth country of Europe, having an

area of 238391 km2.

The exit to the sea enables the connections with the

countries in the Black Sea basin, in the Mediterranean

Sea basin and, by means of this, rest of the world.

Romanian seaside of the Black Sea is lying on

245 km, between Musura stream (at the border with Ukraine)

and Vama Veche locality (at the border with Bulgaria).

Romania's relief consists of three major levels: thehighest one in the Carpathians (the highest peak

Moldoveanu 2544 m), the middle one which corresponds

to the Sub-Carpathians, to the hills and to the plateaus

and the lowest one in plains, meadows and Danube

Delta. The Danube Delta, the youngest relief unit under

permanent formation, has the average height of 0.52 m.

Main features of relief units are proportionality

(31% mountains, 36% hills and plateaus, 33% plains and

meadows) and concentric display of the relief major

levels.

Romanias climate is temperate-continental oftransition, with oceanic influences from the West,

Mediterranean ones from South-West and continental-

excessive ones from the East. Multiannual average

temperature is latitudinally different, 8C in the North andover 11C in the South, and altitudinally, with values of-2.5C in the mountain floor (Omu peak - Bucegi massif)and 11.6C in the plain (Zimnicea town - Teleorman county).

Yearly precipitations decrease in intensity from west

to east, from over 600 mm to less 500 mm in the East

4n Cmpia Romn de Est, sub 450 mm n Dobrogea i

circa 350 mm pe litoral, pentru ca n regiunile muntoase

s ajung la 1000-1500 mm.

Apele curgtoare ale Romniei sunt dispuse radial,marea majoritate avnd izvoarele n Carpai. Principalul

colector al acestora este fluviul Dunrea, care strbate

ara n partea sudic pe o lungime de 1075 km i se

vars n Marea Neagr.

Lacurile sunt reprezentate prin lacuri naturale(numeroase tipuri genetice) rspndite n toate unitile

majore de relief, de la cele glaciare n etajul alpin (Lacul

Mioarelor - Fgra la 2282 m) la limanele

fluvio-maritime (Lacul Techirghiol la 1,5 m) i prin lacuri

antropice, de asemenea n toate unitile de relief.

Vegetaia este condiionat de relief i deelementele pedo-climatice, ntlnindu-se o dispunere

etajat a acesteia. Regiunile montane sunt acoperite de

pduri de conifere (ndeosebi molid), pduri de amestec

(fag, brad i molid) i pduri de fag. Pe culmile mai nalte

se afl pajiti alpine i tufriuri de jneapn, ienupr,

afin, merior i altele.

n regiunile de deal i de podi se ntlnesc pduri

de foioase n care predomin fagul, gorunul sau stejarul;

pe dealurile joase i cmpiile nalte, adesea, principalele

specii care alctuiesc pdurile sunt cerul i grnia.

Vegetaia de step i de silvostep, care ocupa ariile

cu deficit de umiditate din Podiul Dobrogei, Cmpia

Romn, Podiul Moldovei, Cmpia Banatului i

Crianei, a fost, n cea mai mare parte, nlocuit prin

culturi agricole.

Fauna Romniei este grupat pe areale difereniaten funcie de biotopul fiecrei specii. n etajul alpin apar

elemente relicte precum capra neagr i vulturul de

munte. n pdurile carpatine triesc diferite mamifere:

urs, cerb, rs, lup, mistre, cprior, veveri i un numr

mare de specii de psri. n cteva regiuni muntoase se

mai pstreaz cocoul de munte i cocoul de

mesteacn; n regiunile de deal i cmpie sunt

rspndite: iepurele, crtia, ariciul, diferite psri,

oprle, batracieni .a.; pentru zonele de step sunt

caracteristice roztoarele (popndul i hrciogul).

Fauna acvatic este reprezentat ndeosebi prin pstrv

n apele de munte (lostria, mai rspndit n trecut, a

devenit destul de rar); clean i mrean n regiunile de

deal; crap, biban, tiuc, somn, caras n cele de cmpie

i Delta Dunrii; n apele marine teritoriale i pe Dunrea

inferioar se ntlnesc i specii de sturioni.

Resursele minerale utile ale Romniei sunt variate.Printre principalele resurse minerale utile pot fi

menionate: petrolul, cu vechi tradiii de exploatare;

gazele naturale; crbunii, n special huila cocsificabil,

crbunele brun i lignitul; minereuri feroase i neferoase,

zcminte de aur, argint i de bauxit; rezerve mari de

Romanian Plain, under 450 mm in Dobrogea and about

350 mm by seaside, in the mountainous areas they

reach 1000-1500 mm.

Romanian running waters are radially displayed,most of them having the springs in the Carpathians.Their

main collector is the Danube river, which crosses the

country in the south on 1075 km length and flows into the

Black Sea.

The lakes are represented by natural lakes(numerous genetic types) spread in all major units of

relief, from glacial ones in the alpine floor (Mioarelor

Lake - Fgra 2282 m) to river-maritime banks

(Techirghiol Lake at 1.5 m) and anthropic lakes, as well

in all relief units.

The vegetation is determined by the relief and bypedo-climatic elements, being displayed in floors.

Mountainous regions are covered by coniferous forests

(especially spruce fir), mixture forests (beech, fir-tree,

spruce fir) and beech forests. Higher peaks are covered

by alpine lawns and bushes of dwarf pine, juniper,

bilberry, red bilberry a.s.o.

In the hills and plateaus regions there are broad-

leaved forests, prevailing beech, common oak or durmast

oak; the main forest species often met on low hills and

high plains are Quercus cerris and Quercus frainetto.

The steppe and silvosteppe vegetation, which

covered the areas of low humidity in Dobrogea Plateau,

Romanian Plain, Moldova Plateau, Banat and Criana

Plain has been mostly replaced by agricultural crops.

Romania's fauna is grouped by different arealsaccording to each species biotype. Relict elements as

black goat (chamois) and mountain vulture live in the

alpine area. In the Carpathian forests live various

animals: bear, buck, lynx, wolf, wild boar, roebuck,

squirrel and several species of birds. In a few

mountainous areas both mountain cock and birch cock

are still met. In the hill and field areas there are hares,

moles, hedgehogs, various birds, lizards, batrachia

a.s.o.; rodent animals as gopher and hamster are

characteristic for the steppe areas. Water fauna is

represented especially by trout in the mountainous

waters (huck which was mostly spread in the past has

become quite rare); dace and barbel in the hill region;

carp, perch, pike, sheat fish, crucian in the field region

and Danube Delta; sturgeon species are also met in the

marine territorial waters and on the downstream Danube.

Romania's useful minerals resources are various.Among the main useful minerals resources we can

mention: crude oil, with old exploitation traditions; natural

gas; coal, especially coking pitcoal, brown coal and

lignite; ferrous and non-ferrous ores, gold, silver and

bauxite ore deposits; vast reserves of salt as well as

5sare, precum i o serie de resurse nemetalifere.

O categorie aparte a bogiilor de subsol o constituie

cele peste 2000 de izvoare de ape minerale, cu valene

pentru consum i tratamente medicale.

Teritoriul Romniei este mprit din punct devedere administrativ n: sate, comune, orae, municipii

i judee.

Conform Legii privind stabilirea nomenclatorului

unitilor teritoriale statistice din Romnia s-au constituit

patru macroregiuni (n concordan cu prevederileLegii nr. 315/2004 privind dezvoltarea regional n

Romnia i armonizarea cu cerinele Regulamentului

CE nr. 1059/2003 al Parlamentului i al Consiliului

European privind stabilirea unui nomenclator comun al

unitilor teritoriale de statistic NUTS, publicat n

Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene nr. L 154/2003.

Macroregiunile nu sunt uniti administrativ-teritorialei nu au personalitate juridic; sunt constituite pentru a

asigura colectarea, elaborarea i difuzarea statisticilor

regionale armonizate la nivelul Uniunii Europene.

Ca uniti teritoriale (non-administrative) au fost

create 8 regiuni de dezvoltare, constituite prin reuniunea

mai multor judee.

Judeul reprezint unitatea administrativ-teritorialtradiional n Romnia, alctuit din orae i comune, n

funcie de condiiile geografice, economice, social-

politice i de legturile culturale i tradiionale ale

populaiei. Teritoriul Romniei este organizat n 42 de

judee (inclusiv Municipiul Bucureti).

Municipiul este un ora cu un rol economic, social,politic i cultural nsemnat avnd, de regul, funcie

administrativ.

Oraul reprezint o concentrare uman cu o funcieadministrativ i un mod de via specific ariilor urbane

i o structur profesional a populaiei n care predomin

cea ocupat n ramurile neagricole.

Comuna este unitatea administrativ-teritorial carecuprinde populaia rural unit prin comunitate de

interese i tradiii, fiind alctuit din unul sau mai multe

sate (din care unul este reedin de comun).

Satul este cea mai mic unitate teritorial, avnd caracteristicile aezrilor de tip rural.

Oraele principale: Bucureti, Timioara, Iai,Cluj-Napoca, Constana, Craiova, Galai, Braov,

Ploieti, Brila, Oradea, Bacu, Piteti, Arad, Sibiu.

Porturile principale: la Marea Neagr: Constana, Mangalia;

la Dunre: Moldova Nou, Orova, Drobeta-Turnu

Severin, Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele, Zimnicea,

Giurgiu, Oltenia, Clrai, Cernavod, Hrova,

Mcin, Brila, Galai, Tulcea, Sulina.

numerous non-metalliferrous resources. A special category

of subsoil riches is constituted by over 2000 mineral

water springs, with consumption and medical treatments

valences.

Romanian territory is divided from administrativeviewpoint into: villages, communes, towns, municipalities

and counties.

According to the Law on setting up the nomenclature

of statistical territorial units in Romania, fourmacroregions were constituted (according to the Lawno. 315/2004 on regional development in Romania and

harmonisation to the requirements of the EC Regulation

no. 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the

Council regarding the setting up of a common

nomenclature of statistical territorial units NUTS,

published in Official Journal of European Union

no. L 154/2003.

Macroregions are not administrative territorial unitsand have no legal entity, they are constituted to assure

the collection, compilation and transmission of

harmonised regional statistics at European Union level.

As territorial (non-administrative) units, 8 regions of

development were created, gathering several counties.

County represents traditional administrative-territorial unit in Romania, including towns and

communes, depending on geographical, economical and

social-political conditions and population cultural and

traditional relations. Romanian territory is organized into

42 counties (including Bucharest Municipality).

Municipality is a town, with an important economic,social, political and cultural role, usually having

administrative function.

Town represents a human concentration withadministrative function and a life specific to urban areas

and with a population professional structure where the

population employed in non-agricultural branches prevails.

Commune is a territorial-administrative unit whichcomprises rural population united by interest and

traditional community, including one or several villages

(from which one is commune residence).

Village is the smallest territorial unit, havingcharacteristics of rural settlements.

Main cities: Bucharest, Timioara, Iai, Cluj-Napoca,Constana, Craiova, Galai, Braov, Ploieti, Brila,

Oradea, Bacu, Piteti, Arad, Sibiu.

Main harbours: at the Black Sea: Constana, Mangalia;

at the Danube: Moldova Nou, Orova, Drobeta-Turnu

Severin, Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele,

Zimnicea, Giurgiu, Oltenia, Clrai, Cernavod,

Hrova, Mcin, Brila, Galai, Tulcea, Sulina.

6Aeroporturile principale: Bucureti (Henri Coand -Otopeni i Aurel Vlaicu - Bneasa), Constana (Mihail

Koglniceanu), Timioara (Traian Vuia), Cluj-Napoca,

Iai, Craiova, Arad, Bacu, Baia Mare, Oradea, Satu Mare,

Sibiu, Suceava, Trgu Mure, Tulcea.

Capitala: Municipiul Bucureti (1919352 locuitori,la 1 iulie 2011 - date provizorii ce urmeaz a fi rectificate

dup publicarea rezultatelor finale ale Recensmntului

Populaiei i Locuinelor - 2011), mprit n ase

sectoare administrative. Prima menionare documentar

dateaz din 20.IX.1459, ca reedin a lui Vlad epe.

Capital a rii Romneti ncepnd din a doua jumtate

a secolului al XVII-lea i Capitala Romniei, din anul

1862, municipiul Bucureti este cel mai important centru

politic, economic i cultural-tiinific al rii.

Limba oficial: limba romn.Drapelul Romniei este tricolor; culorile sunt

aezate vertical n ordinea urmtoare, ncepnd de la

lance: albastru, galben, rou.

Ziua naional a Romniei: 1 Decembrie.Imnul naional al Romniei este Deteapt-te

romne.

Forma de guvernmnt a Romniei este republica: Republic, conform Constituiei adoptate n 1991 i

modificat n 2003;

Puterea legislativ este reprezentat de un

parlament bicameral (Camera Deputailor i

Senatul), iar puterea executiv este exercitat de

Guvern, condus de un prim-ministru desemnat de

preedintele rii;

Preedintele rii este ales n baza rezultatelor

alegerilor generale prin scrutin universal pentru un

mandat de 5 ani.

Moneda naional: Leu, cu subdiviziunea ban.Cursul monedei naionale este stabilit zilnic pe piaa

valutar interbancar, moneda de referin fiind euro.

PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE

METEOROLOGIE

Cercetarea proceselor i fenomenelor fizice din

atmosfera terestr, care determin starea timpului i

clima, are la baz msurtorile i observaiile

meteorologice ce se efectueaz permanent sau periodic

n diferite puncte de pe suprafaa globului terestru i la

diferite nlimi n atmosfera liber. Programul unitar al

msurtorilor i observaiilor, precum i alte activiti

meteorologice se asigur prin colaborare

internaional, n cadrul Administraiei Naionale de

Meteorologie, cu Organizaia Meteorologic Mondial.

Staia meteorologic reprezint punctul de pesuprafaa terestr unde se efectueaz observaii i

Main airports: Bucharest (Henri Coand -Otopeni and Aurel Vlaicu - Bneasa), Constana

(Mihail Koglniceanu), Timioara (Traian Vuia),

Cluj-Napoca, Iai, Craiova, Arad, Bacu, Baia Mare,

Oradea, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Trgu Mure, Tulcea.

The capital: Bucharest Municipality (1919352inhabitants on July 1, 2011 - provisional data to be

rectified after the publication of final results of 2011,

Population and Housing Census), organised into six

administrative sectors. The first documentary mention

was on 20.IX.1459, as residence of Vlad epe. Capital

of ara Romneasc since the second half of the XVIIth

century and Capital of Romania since 1862, Bucharest

Municipality is the most important political, economic and

cultural-scientific center of the country.

Official language: Romanian.Flag of Romania: is three - coloured; the colours

are placed vertically in the following order from the

lance: blue, yellow, red.

National day of Romania: December, 1.National anthem of Romania is Wake up,

Romanian.

Government form in Romania is the republic: Republic, according to the Constitution adopted in

1991 and modified in 2003;

Legislative power is represented by two chamber

Parliament (Chamber of Deputies and Senate), and

executive power is carried out by Government led

by Prime Minister appointed by the countrys

President;

President of the country is elected based on

general elections results by universal vote for a

5 years mandate.

National currency: Leu, with ban as subdivision.The exchange rate is set on the interbank currency

market on a daily basis, reference currency being euro.

METHODOLOGICAL NOTES

METEOROLOGY

The research on physical processes and phenomena

in the terrestrial atmosphere, which determine the weather

and the climate, relies on the meteorological measurements

and observations, permanently or periodically carried out in

different points on the terrestrial globe surface and at

various altitudes in the free atmosphere. The unitary

programme of measurements and observations, as well as

other meteorological activities are assured by international

co-operation within National Administration of Meteorology,

with the World Meteorology Organisation.

The meteorological station represents the pointfrom the terrestrial surface, where measurements and

7msurtori asupra tuturor elementelor i fenomenelor

meteorologice, conform programului stabilit. Majoritatea

observaiilor, msurtorilor i determinrilor

meteorologice de la staii se efectueaz pe platforma

meteorologic situat pe un teren deschis, tipic pentru

regiunea respectiv, cu dimensionarea standard de

26 m x 26 m.

Pentru cercetarea proceselor i fenomenelor

atmosferice i pentru calculul diferiilor parametri

meteorologici i climatici, este necesar raportarea

observaiilor i msurtorilor, care se realizeaz att n

spaiu, ct i n timp.

Programul climatologic reprezint complexulobservaiilor i msurtorilor meteorologice ce se

execut la staii, dup timpul solar mediu local, att la

termenele fixe, ct i continuu n 24 de ore. Permanent,

la termenele climatologice (1, 7, 13, 19 timp solar mediu

local) se efectueaz observaii i msurtori asupra:

presiunii atmosferice, vntului, temperaturii i umezelii

aerului, temperaturii suprafeei solului, nebulozitii,

precipitaiilor, vizibilitii orizontale. Continuu, n tot cursul

zilei i nopii se determin caracteristicile tuturor

fenomenelor meteorologice (hidrometeori, litometeori,

electrometeori etc.).

Observaiile asupra temperaturii aerului constaun msurarea temperaturii aerului la termenele stabilite i

n determinarea valorilor maxime i minime ale acesteia

n intervalele de timp dintre aceste termene.

Temperatura aerului se msoar cu instrumente cu

citire direct, psihrometrul cu ventilaie artificial,

termometrul de maxim cu mercur i termometrul de

minim cu alcool i cu aparate nregistratoare

(termografe). Pentru ca instrumentele cu care se

msoar temperatura i umezeala aerului s nu fie

influenate direct de radiaia solar, de radiaia terestr,

de precipitaii i de rafalele vntului, ele se instaleaz n

adpostul meteorologic situat la 2 m nlime deasupra

solului.

Msurarea cantitilor de ap ce provin dinprecipitaii atmosferice sau care se depun din ali

hidrometeori se efectueaz cu ajutorul pluviometrului, iar

nregistrarea continu a precipitaiilor (lichide) se face cu

pluviograful. Cantitile de ap se msoar zilnic la

termenele climatologice (1, 7, 13, 19) i se exprim prin

grosimea stratului de ap czut, n mm (1mm=1l / m2).

MEDIU NCONJURTOR

Resursele de ap reprezint potenialul hidrologicformat din apele de suprafa i subterane n regim

natural i amenajat, inventariate la nceputul anului, din

care se asigur alimentarea diverselor folosine.

observations on all meteorological elements and

phenomena are carried out in keeping with the

programme. Most of meteorological observations,

measurements and determinations from the stations are

performed on the meteorological area situated on an

open land, typical for the respective region, with the

standard dimension of 26 m x 26 m.

In order to observe the atmospheric processes and

phenomena and to compute various meteorological and

climatic parameters, it is necessary to report

observations and measurements, carried out both in

space and over time.

The climatic programme represents the complex ofmeteorological observations and measurements

performed at stations, according to the local average solar

time, both at fixed deadlines and continuously during

24 hours. Permanently, at the climatic deadlines (1, 7, 13,

19 local average solar time), the observations and

measurements are done for: atmospheric pressure, wind,

air temperature and humidity, ground surface temperature,

cloudiness, precipitations, horizontal visibility.

Continuously, during all day and night, the characteristics

of all meteorological phenomena (hydrometeors,

litometeors, electrometeors a.s.o.) are determined.

Air temperature observations consist of airtemperature measurement at the observation deadlines

and of determining its maximum and minimum values,

during the intervals between the climatic observation

deadlines.

Air temperature is measured with direct reading

instruments, the psychrometer with artificial ventilation,

the thermometer of maximum with mercury and the

thermometer of minimum with alcohol and with recording

apparatus (thermographs). In view to ensure that the

instruments for measuring air temperature and humidity

are not directly influenced by the solar, terrestrial

radiation, by precipitations and by wind gusts, they

should be placed in the meteorological shelter situated at

2 meters high above the ground.

The measurement of water quantities comingfrom atmospheric precipitations or deposited by other

hydrometeors is carried out by means of pluviometer and

the continuous recording of precipitations (liquids) is

performed with the pluviograph. Water quantities are

daily measured at climatic deadlines (1, 7, 13, 19) and

they are expressed by the thickness of the fallen water

layer, in mm (1mm=1l / m2).

ENVIRONMENT

Water resources represent the hydrologicalpotential consisting of the superficial and underground

waters, under natural and arranged conditions, registered

at the beginning of the year, of which the utilities are fed.

8Ariile naturale protejate, conform O.U.G.nr. 57/2007, reprezint zone terestre, acvatice i/sau

subterane, cu perimetrul legal stabilit i avnd un regim

special de ocrotire i conservare, n care exist specii de

plante i animale slbatice, elemente i formaiuni

biogeografice sau de alt natur, cu valoare ecologic,

tiinific sau cultural deosebit i cuprind:

rezervaii ale biosferei - arii naturale protejate alcror scop este protecia i conservarea unor zone

de habitat natural i a diversitii biologice specifice;

parcuri naionale - arii naturale protejate al crorscop este protecia i conservarea unor eantioane

reprezentative pentru spaiul biogeografic naional;

parcuri naturale - arii naturale protejate al crorscop este protecia i conservarea unor ansambluri

peisagistice n care interaciunea activitilor umane

cu natura de-a lungul timpului a creat o zon

distinct, cu valoare semnificativ peisagistic i/sau

cultural, deseori cu o mare diversitate biologic;

rezervaii tiinifice - arii naturale protejate al crorscop este protecia i conservarea unor habitate

naturale terestre i/sau acvatice, cuprinznd

elemente reprezentative de interes tiinific;

rezervaii naturale - arii naturale protejate al crorscop este protecia i conservarea unor habitate i

specii naturale importante sub aspect floristic,

faunistic, forestier, hidrologic, geologic, speologic,

paleontologic, pedologic;

monumente ale naturii - arii naturale protejate alcror scop este protecia i conservarea unor

elemente naturale cu valoare i semnificaie

ecologic, tiinific, peisagistic deosebite;

zone umede de importan internaional suntacele arii naturale protejate al cror scop este

asigurarea proteciei i conservrii siturilor naturale

cu diversitate biologic specific zonelor umede;

arii de protecie special avifaunistic sunt acele ariinaturale protejate ale cror scopuri sunt conservarea,

meninerea, i acolo unde este cazul, readucerea

ntr-o stare de conservare favorabil a speciilor de

psri i a habitatelor specifice, desemnate pentru

protecia speciilor de psri migratoare slbatice;

situri de importan comunitar reprezint acele ariicare, n regiunile biogeografice n care exist,

contribuie semnificativ la meninerea sau restaurarea la

o stare de conservare favorabil a habitatelor naturale.

Evaluarea calitii apelor de suprafa const nmonitorizarea parametrilor biologici hidromorfologici,

fizico-chimici, a poluanilor prioritari sau a altor poluani

evacuai n cantiti importante.

Natural protected areas, according to G.P.O.no. 57/2007, represents terrestrial, aquatic and/or

underground areas, with legally settled perimeter and

with a special protection and preservation regime, where

wild plants and animal species, bio-geographic elements

and formations or of other nature, with special ecological,

scientific or cultural value exist and include:

reservations of biosphere - protected natural areaswhose purpose is the protection and preservation of a

natural habitat areas and of specific biologic diversity;

national parks - natural protected areas whosepurpose is the protection and preservation of

representative samples for the national bio-geographic

space;

natural parks - natural protected areas whosepurpose is the protection and preservation of

landscape piles in which human activities

interactions in time created a distinct area, with

landscape and/or cultural significant value, often

with a great biological diversity;

scientific reservations - natural protected areaswhose purpose is the protection and preservation of

terrestrial and/or aquatic natural habitats, including

representative elements of scientific interest;

natural reservations - natural protected areaswhose purpose is the protection and preservation of

important natural habitats and species from flora,

fauna, forestry, hydrological, geological, speological,

paleontological, pedological point of view;

natural monuments - natural protected areaswhose purpose is the protection and preservation of

natural elements and of ecological, scientific,

landscape special significance;

wetlands of international importance are thoseprotected natural areas whose purpose is to ensure

the protection and preservation of the natural sites

with a wetland-specific biological diversity;

special avifaunistic protection areas are thoseprotected natural areas whose purpose is the

preservation, maintenance and where necessary

the conservative rehabilitation of the bird species

and specific habitats designated for wild migratory

bird species protection;

sites of community interest reprezent areaslocated in biogeographical regions, contributing

significantly to the maintenance or restoration to a

favourable preservation state of the natural habitats.

The evaluation of the superficial watersquality is carried out by monitoring the biologicalhidro - morfological parameters, physico - chemical,

the prioritary pollution agents or other pollution

agents evacuated in important quantities.

9Potrivit Legii nr. 310/2004, anexa 11, se disting

5 clase de calitate, definite astfel:

clasa de calitate I - stare foarte bun - nu existalterri (sau sunt foarte mici) ale valorilor

elementelor fizico-chimice i hidromorfologice de

calitate pentru tipul de corpuri de ap de suprafa

fa de cele asociate n mod normal cu acel tip n

condiii nemodificate;

clasa de calitate II - stare bun - valorileelementelor biologice de calitate pentru tipul de corp

de ap de suprafa prezint nivele sczute de

schimbare datorit activitilor umane, dar deviaz

uor fa de acele valori normale asociate cu tipul de

corpuri de ap de suprafa n condiii nemodificate;

clasa de calitate III - stare moderat - valorileelementelor biologice de calitate pentru tipul de corp

de ap de suprafa deviaz moderat fa de acelea

care sunt n mod normal asociate cu tipul de corp de

ap de suprafa n condiii nemodificate. Valorile

prezint semne moderate de perturbare ca urmare a

activitilor umane i sunt esenial perturbate fa de

valorile din condiiile de stare bun;

clasa de calitate IV - slab - prezint dovezi dealterri majore ale valorilor elementelor biologice de

calitate pentru tipul de corpuri de ape de suprafa i

n care comunitile biologice importante deviaz

semnificativ de la valorile normale asociate cu tipul

de corpuri de ap de suprafa n condiii

nemodificate;

clasa de calitate V - proast - prezint dovezi dealterri majore ale valorilor elementelor biologice de

calitate pentru tipul de corpuri de ape de suprafa i

n care pri mari din comunitile biologice

importante care sunt n mod normal asociate cu tipul

de corpuri de ap de suprafa n condiii

nemodificate, sunt absente.

Cheltuielile pentru protecia mediului includinvestiiile i cheltuielile curente interne pentru

desfurarea activitilor de supraveghere i protecie a

mediului, i care se refer la prevenirea sau repararea

pagubelor aduse acestuia.

Investiiile pentru protecia mediului includcheltuielile efectuate pentru lucrri de construcii, de

instalaii i de montaj, pentru achiziionarea de utilaje,

mijloace de transport, alte cheltuieli destinate crerii de

noi mijloace fixe pentru dezvoltarea, modernizarea,

reconstrucia celor existente, cu scopul de protecie a

mediului. Ele includ, de asemenea, valoarea serviciilor

legate de transferul de proprieti al mijloacelor fixe

existente i al terenurilor (taxe, materiale, comisioane,

cheltuieli de transport de ncrcare - descrcare).

Cheltuieli curente interne pentru protecia mediului nsumeaz cheltuielile efectuate pentru operarea,

repararea i ntreinerea instalaiilor i utilajelor pentru

According to Law no. 310/2004, annex 11, 5 quality

classes are distinguished, defined as follows:

the first quality class - very good state - noalterations (or very few) of physico-chemical and

hydro-morfological quality elements value exist for

the type of superficial waters bodies as against

those normally associated with specific type in

unchanged conditions;

the second quality class - good state - biologicalquality elements values for superficial water body

type presents low levels of change because of

human activity, but it slightly deviate as against those

normal values associated with superficial water

bodies type in unchanged conditions;

the third quality class - moderate state - biologicalquality elements values for superficial water body

type moderately deviates as against those which are

normally associated with superficial water body type

in unchanged conditions. These values presents

moderate perturbation signs because of human

activities and are essentially perturbated as against

the good state conditions values;

the fourth quality class - poor - presents majoralteration proofs of the biological quality elements

values for superficial water bodies type in which

important biological communities significantly

deviates from the normal values associated with

superficial water bodies type in unchanged

conditions;

the fifth quality class - bad - presents majoralteration proofs of the biological quality elements

values for superficials water bodies type and in

which big parts from important biological

communities which are normally associated with

superficial water bodies type in unchanged

conditions are absent.

Environment protection expenditure includeinvestments and internal current expenditure for carrying

out the activities of environment observation and

protection and refer to environment damages prevention

or repair.

Investments for environment protection includethe expenditure made for construction, installations and

building works, for equipment, transport means

purchasing, other expenditure meant to create new fixed

assets for the development, modernization,

reconstruction of the already existent ones, having the

purpose of environment protection. They also include the

value of services related to existent fixed assets and land

ownership transfer (taxes, materials, commissions,

loading-unloading transport expenditure).

Current internal expenditure for environmentprotection are made of the expenditure for operating,

repairs and maintenance of installations and equipment

10

protecia mediului de ctre personalul ntreprinderii. Ele

includ salariile i impozitele aferente i cheltuielile

materiale (materii prime, materiale, combustibili, energie,

ap etc.). Cheltuielile curente interne nu includ cheltuielile

pentru achiziionarea de servicii de mediu de la teri.

Categoriile de productori de servicii pentruprotecia mediului sunt: productorii nespecializai - uniti care execut o

activitate de protecia mediului ca activitate secundar

sau auxiliar la o activitate principal. Activitatea

principal nu este una de protecia mediului. Aceste

uniti se regsesc n sectorul producie (CAEN Rev.2,

diviziunile: 02; 05-35; 41; 42; 43; 49; 50; 51);

productorii specializai - uniti care executactiviti de protecia mediului ca activitate principal,

conform CAEN Rev.2, diviziunile: 36; 37; 38; 39 i

clasa 4677;

administraia public - toate unitile administraieipublice locale i centrale a cror producie de

servicii de protecia mediului non-pia este

destinat consumului individual i colectiv

(CAEN Rev.2, clasa 8411).

Activitile specifice de protecia mediului suntgrupate dup domeniile de mediu, astfel:

prevenirea i combaterea polurii (proteciaaerului, protecia apei, managementul deeurilor,

protecia solului i a apelor subterane);

protecia resurselor naturale i conservareabiodiversitii (protecia speciilor, arii protejate,remediere i reconstrucie ecologic, refacerea

mediului acvatic, prevenirea fenomenelor naturale

periculoase);

alte domenii (cercetare-dezvoltare, administraregeneral a mediului, reducerea zgomotului i a

vibraiilor, protecia mpotriva radiaiilor, educaie,

instruire, informare).

for environment protection by enterprise staff. They

include salaries and taxes and material expenditure (raw

materials, materials, fuels, energy, water a.s.o.). The

current internal expenditure do not include

environmental services purchased from thirds.

Categories of service producers for environmentprotection are: non-specialised producers - units carrying out an

activity of environment protection as their

secondary or auxiliary activity. Their main activity is

not the environment protection. These units are

found in the sector of production (CANE Rev. 2,

divisions: 02; 05-35; 41; 42; 43; 49; 50; 51);

specialised producers - units carrying out an activityof environment protection as their main activity,

according to CANE Rev.2, divisions: 36; 37; 38 ; 39

and 4677 class;

public administration - local and central units ofpublic administration whose non-market production

of environment protection services is meant for

individual and collective consumption (CANE Rev.2,

8411 class).

Specific activities of environment protection aregrouped by environmental domains, as follows:

pollution prevention and reduction (air protection,water protection, wastes management, soil and

underground waters protection);

natural resources protection and biodiversitypreservation (species protection, protected areas,ecological remedy and reconstruction, aquatic

environment restoration, prevention of dangerous

natural phenomena);

other domains (research-development,environment general administration, noise and

vibrations reduction, protection against radiation,

education, training, looking for information).

Punctul extrem (localitatea) Judeul Longitudinea estic1) Latitudinea nordicExtreme point (locality) County Longitude east1) Latitude north

Nord Satul Horoditea Botoani 26o4205 48o1506North Horoditea village

Sud Oraul Zimnicea Teleorman 25o2332 43o3707South Zimnicea town

Est Oraul Sulina Tulcea 29o4124 45o0936East Sulina town

Vest Comuna Beba Veche Timi 20o1544 46o0727West Beba Veche commune

Poziia geografic a RomnieiGeographical position of Romania1.1

1) Dup Greenwich. / According to Greenwich.

11

km

Lungimea frontierelor / Border length

Total Terestr Fluvial MaritimTotal Land River Sea

Total granie 3149,9 1085,6 1816,9 247,4 Total borders

Bulgaria 631,3 139,1 470,0 22,2 BulgariaRepublica Moldova 681,3 - 681,3 - Republic of MoldovaSerbia 546,4 256,8 289,6 - Serbia Ucraina 649,4 273,8 343,9 31,7 UkraineUngaria 448,0 415,9 32,1 - HungaryMarea Neagr 193,5 - - 193,5 Black Sea

Lungimea frontierelor RomnieiLength of Romanias borders1.2

Not: Lungimile frontierelor sunt oficializate numai cu Serbia i Ungaria, celelalte frontiere fiind calculate unilateral.Note: Lengths of borders are official only with Serbia and Hungary, the other borders being unilaterally calculated.

Denumirea vrfului muntos Denumirea masivului muntos Judeul Altitudinea vrfului (m)Name of peak Name of massif County Height (m)

Moldoveanu Fgra Arge 2544Negoiu Fgra Arge, Braov, Sibiu 2535Parngu Mare Parng Gorj, Hunedoara 2519Peleaga Retezat Hunedoara 2509Omu Bucegi Prahova, Braov, Dmbovia 2505Retezat Retezat Hunedoara 2482Iezerul Mare Iezer Arge 2462Ppua Iezer Arge 2391Pietrosu Rodna Maramure 2303Gugu Godeanu Cara-Severin, Hunedoara 2291Suru Fgra Sibiu, Vlcea 2283Ineu Rodna Bistria-Nsud 2279Cindrel Cindrel Sibiu 2244tefleti Lotru Sibiu, Vlcea 2242La Om (Piscul Baciului) Piatra Craiului Braov 2238Godeanu Godeanu Cara-Severin, Gorj 2229Cleanu arcu Cara-Severin 2190arcu arcu Cara-Severin 2190Leaota Leaota Dmbovia, Arge 2133Vrful lui Ptru ureanu Hunedoara 2130Ursu Cpna Vlcea 2124Pietrosu Climan Suceava, Mure 2100ureanu ureanu Hunedoara 2059Farcu Maramure Maramure 1956Ciuca Ciuca Braov, Prahova 1954Toroiaga Maramure Maramure 1930

Principalele altitudini muntoaseMajor mountain peaks1.3

12

Denumirea vrfului muntos Denumirea masivului muntos Judeul Altitudinea vrfului (m)

Name of peak Name of massif County Height (m)

Ocolau Mare Ceahlu Neam 1907Toaca Ceahlu Neam 1900Straja Vlcan Gorj, Hunedoara 1868Budacu Bistria Neam, Suceava 1859Giumalu Raru Suceava 1856Cucurbta Mare Bihor Bihor, Alba 1849ible ible Maramure, Bistria-Nsud 1837Vldeasa Vldeasa Cluj 1836Muntele Mare Muntele Mare Alba, Cluj 1826Harghita Mdra Harghita Harghita 1800Hmau Mare Hma Harghita, Neam 1792Pietrosu Bistria Suceava 1791Goru Vrancea Buzu, Vrancea 1784Lcu Vrancea Covasna, Vrancea 1777Saca Gurghiu Mure 1776Penteleu Penteleu Buzu 1772Vlacu Mic Munii Cernei Cara-Severin 1733Cozia Cozia Vlcea 1668Grindu Tarcu Bacu 1664Raru Raru Suceava 1650Nemira Nemira Bacu 1649Lucina Obcina Mestecni Suceava 1588Cucu Harghita Harghita, Covasna 1558Bivolu Stnioara Neam 1530Pacani Obcina Feredeu Suceava 1495Vrful lui Stan Mehedini Mehedini 1466Piatra Goznei Semenic Cara-Severin 1447Guti Guti Maramure 1443Poienia Munii Metaliferi Alba 1437Pade Poiana Rusc Timi, Cara-Severin 1374Dmbu Trascu Alba 1369Igni Guti Maramure 1307Ciomatu Bodoc Harghita 1301Detunata Munii Metaliferi Alba 1258Svinecea Mare Almj Cara-Severin 1224Leordi Munii Aninei Cara-Severin 1160

Pleu Codru Moma Arad, Bihor 1112

Vrful Cetii Perani Braov 1104

Mgura Priei Mese Slaj 996

Drocea Zarand Arad 836

uuiatu Mcin Tulcea 467

Principalele altitudini muntoase - continuareMajor mountain peaks - continued1.3

13

Denumirea cursului de ap Lungimea cursului de ap (km) Suprafaa bazinului (km2)River name Length of the river (km) Basin area (km2)

Dunre 1075 332501)

Mure 761 27890Prut 742 10990Olt 615 24050Siret 559 42890Ialomia 417 10350Some 376 15740Arge 350 12550Jiu 339 10080Buzu 302 5264Dmbovia 286 2824Bistria 283 7039Jijia 275 5757Trnava Mare 246 6253Timi 244 5673Criul Alb 234 4240Vedea 224 5430Moldova 213 4299Brlad 207 7220Trnava Mic 196 2071Prahova 193 3738Neajlov 186 3720Olte 185 2663Someul Mic 178 3773Suceava 173 2298Bega 170 2362Arie 166 3005Trotu 162 4456

Lungimea principalelor cursuri de ap de pe teritoriul RomnieiLength of major rivers on Romanian territory1.4

1) Fr afluenii care formeaz bazine de ordinul 1. / Excluding the tributaries which form the first degree basins.

Denumirea lacului natural Judeul Suprafaa (ha) Volum (mil. m3)Natural lake name County Area (ha) Volume (mill. m3)

Lacuri n circuri glaciare / Lakes of glacial circusesBucura Hunedoara 10,5 0,5Znoaga Mare Hunedoara 9,0 1,0Blea Sibiu 4,7 0,2Clcescu Gorj 3,0 0,1

Lacuri n cratere vulcanice / Lakes of volcanic craterSfnta Ana Harghita 22,0 0,6

Lacuri n depresiuni carstice / Lakes of karstic depressionsZton Mehedini 20,0 1,0Iezerul Ighiu Alba 5,3 0,2Vintileasca Vrancea 4,7 0,1

Lacuri de baraj natural / Lakes of natural barrageLacul Rou Harghita 12,6 0,7Bltu Bacu 6,0 0,1

Lacuri n crovuri (depresiuni de tasare) / Clasto-karstic lakesIanca Brila 322,0 1,6Movila Miresii Brila 180,0 4,5Lacul Srat-Brila Brila 39,0 0,2

Limane fluviatile / River banksOltina Constana 2509,0 60,0Iezerul Mostitei Clrai 1860,0 160,01)

Balta Alb Buzu, Brila 1012,0 5,1Jirlu Brila 890,0 5,6Amara-Buzu Buzu 600,0 3,6Snagov Ilfov 575,0 17,3Cldruani Ilfov 224,0 4,5Hazarlc Constana 168,0 0,8Amara-Ialomia Ialomia 132,0 2,6

Limane fluvio-maritime / River - maritime banksTaaul Constana 2335,0 57,0Techirghiol Constana 1161,0 41,8Mangalia Constana 261,0 15,7Tatlageac Constana 178,0 14,0

Lagune marine / Maritime lagoonsRazim Tulcea 41500,0 909,0Sinoie Constana 17150,0 210,7Zmeica Tulcea 5460,0 45,6Siutghiol Constana 1900,0 88,7

Lacuri de lunc / River meadow lakesBrate Galai 2111,0 30,0Bistre Dolj 1867,0 28,0Suhaia Teleorman 1094,0 18,0Lacul Rotund Tulcea 219,0 2,0

Lacuri din Delta Dunrii / Danube Delta lakesDranov Tulcea 2170,0 21,7Lacul Rou Tulcea 1445,0 21,7Gorgova Tulcea 1377,5 13,8Lumina Tulcea 1367,5 20,5Merhei Tulcea 1057,5 15,9Furtuna Tulcea 977,5 9,8Matia Tulcea 652,5 9,8

Principalele lacuri naturaleMajor natural lakes1.5

1) Volum rezultat din lucrrile de amenajare pentru irigaii. / Volume resulted from planning works for irrigations.

14

15

Denumirea Suprafaa la nivel Volumul la nivel normallacului antropic Judeul normal de retenie (ha) de retenie (mil. m3) Categoria de folosinAnthropic lake name County Area at normal level Volume at normal level Category of use

of afflux (ha) of afflux (mill. m3)

Porile de Fier Mehedini 70000,01) 2400,0 energie / energy

Ostrovu Mare Mehedini 7920,0 800,0 energie / energy

Stnca-Costeti Botoani 5900,0 735,0 complex / complex

Izvorul Muntelui-Bicaz Neam 3100,0 1130,0 energie / energy

Strejeti Olt 2204,0 202,7 energie / energy

Ipoteti Olt 1692,0 110,0 energie / energy

Frunzaru Olt 1280,0 96,0 energie / energy

Izbiceni Olt 1095,0 74,0 energie / energy

Drgneti Olt 1080,0 76,0 energie / energy

Mihileti Ilfov 1013,0 76,3 complex / complex

Vidra Vlcea 950,0 340,0 energie / energy

Fntnele Cluj 884,0 212,9 energie / energy

Vidraru Arge 870,0 469,0 complex / complex

Drcani Botoani 500,0 6,1 piscicultur / fish breeding

Soleti Vaslui 452,0 15,8 complex / complex

Oaa Alba 447,0 131,0 energie / energy

Gura Apelor Hunedoara 420,0 210,0 energie / energy

Clineti Satu Mare 380,0 8,6 complex / complex

Siriu Buzu 360,0 126,0 complex / complex

Iovanu Gorj 290,0 120,0 complex / complex

Colibia Bistria Nsud 270,0 65,0 complex / complex

Lacul Morii Municipiul Bucureti 256,0 14,2 complex / complex

Vcreti Dmbovia 234,0 14,1 complex / complex

Brdior Vlcea 230,0 38,0 complex / complex

Pucai Vaslui 230,0 8,0 complex / complex

Tarnia Cluj 215,0 70,3 energie / energy

Pecineagu Dmbovia 182,0 63,0 complex / complex

Principalele lacuri antropiceMajor anthropic lakes1.6

1) ntre confluena Nera-Dunre i baraj (dup datele celor dou hidrocentrale). / Nera-Danube and dam confluence (according to the data of the two hydro-power stations).

16

Oraul Judeul Altitudinea medie (m)Town County Average height (m)

Alba lulia Alba 235Alexandria Teleorman 45Arad Arad 107Bacu Bacu 165Baia Mare Maramure 225Bistria Bistria-Nsud 360Brlad Vaslui 90Botoani Botoani 130Braov Braov 625Brila Brila 20Bucureti / Bucharest - 85Buzu Buzu 95Clrai Clrai 13Cluj - Napoca Cluj 360Constana Constana 25Craiova Dolj 100Dej Cluj 285Deva Hunedoara 220Drobeta-Turnu Severin Mehedini 65Fgra Braov 430Focani Vrancea 55Galai Galai 35Giurgiu Giurgiu 23Hunedoara Hunedoara 245Iai Iai 95Lugoj Timi 70Media Sibiu 300Miercurea Ciuc Harghita 665Odorheiu Secuiesc Harghita 385Oneti Bacu 210Oradea Bihor 150Petroani Hunedoara 650Piatra Neam Neam 345Piteti Arge 287Ploieti Prahova 150Reia Cara-Severin 245Rmnicu Vlcea Vlcea 250Roman Neam 195Satu Mare Satu Mare 123Sfntu Gheorghe Covasna 555Sibiu Sibiu 415Sighetu Marmaiei Maramure 270Sighioara Mure 375Slatina Olt 135Slobozia Ialomia 35Suceava Suceava 325Tecuci Galai 50Timioara Timi 90Trgovite Dmbovia 280Trgu Jiu Gorj 205Trgu Mure Mure 330Tulcea Tulcea 30Turda Cluj 330Turnu Mgurele Teleorman 23Vaslui Vaslui 110Zalu Slaj 275

Altitudinea medie a principalelor orae din RomniaAverage height of major towns in Romania1.7

Not: Oraul situat la cea mai mare altitudine medie este Predeal (judeul Braov) - 1060 m.Oraul situat la cea mai mic altitudine medie este Sulina (judeul Tulcea) - 4 m.

Note: The town situated at the highest average height is Predeal (Braov county) - 1060 m.The town situated at the lowest average height is Sulina (Tulcea county) - 4 m.

Macroregiunea NumrulRegiunea de dezvoltare Suprafaa oraelor i din care: Numrul NumrulJudeul total municipiilor municipii comunelor satelorMacroregion Total area Number of which: Number of Number ofDevelopment region (km2) of towns and municipalities communes villagesCounty municipalities

Total 238391 320 103 2861 12957

MACROREGIUNEA 1 68259 100 35 760 3588MACROREGION 1

Nord - Vest / North - West 34159 43 15 403 1800Bihor 7544 10 4 91 430Bistria-Nsud 5355 4 1 58 235Cluj 6674 6 5 75 420Maramure 6304 13 2 63 214Satu Mare 4418 6 2 59 220Slaj 3864 4 1 57 281

Centru / Center 34100 57 20 357 1788Alba 6242 11 4 67 656Braov 5363 10 4 48 149Covasna 3710 5 2 40 122Harghita 6639 9 4 58 235Mure 6714 11 4 91 464Sibiu 5432 11 2 53 162


Nord - Est / North - East 36850 46 17 506 2414Bacu 6621 8 3 85 491Botoani 4986 7 2 71 333Iai 5476 5 2 93 418Neam 5896 5 2 78 344Suceava 8553 16 5 98 379Vaslui 5318 5 3 81 449

Sud - Est / South - East 35762 35 11 355 1448Brila 4766 4 1 40 140Buzu 6103 5 2 82 475Constana 7071 12 3 58 189Galai 4466 4 2 61 180Tulcea 8499 5 1 46 133Vrancea 4857 5 2 68 331


Sud - Muntenia / South - Muntenia 34453 48 16 519 2019Arge 6826 7 3 95 576Clrai 5088 5 2 50 160Dmbovia 4054 7 2 82 353Giurgiu 3526 3 1 51 167Ialomia 4453 7 3 59 127Prahova 4716 14 2 90 405Teleorman 5790 5 3 92 231

Bucureti - Ilfov / Bucharest - Ilfov 1821 9 1 32 91Ilfov 1583 8 - 32 91Municipiul Bucureti 238 1 1 - -Bucharest Municipality


Sud - Vest Oltenia 29212 40 11 408 2070South - West Oltenia

Dolj 7414 7 3 104 378Gorj 5602 9 2 61 411Mehedini 4933 5 2 61 344Olt 5498 8 2 104 377Vlcea 5765 11 2 78 560

Vest / West 32034 42 12 281 1327Arad 7754 10 1 68 270Cara-Severin 8520 8 2 69 287Hunedoara 7063 14 7 55 457Timi 8697 10 2 89 313

17

Organizarea administrativ a teritoriului Romniei, la 31 decembrie 2011Administrative organisation of Romanian territory, on December 31, 20111.8

Staia Media lunarmeteorologic Ianuarie Februarie Martie Aprilie Mai Iunie Iuliei anii January February March April May June Julyde observaie

Satu Mare1901 - 2000 -2,8 -0,6 4,5 10,4 15,7 18,8 20,42011 -0,7 -2,1 4,9 11,4 16,2 20,6 20,8Suceava1901 - 2000 -4,8 -3,2 1,4 7,9 13,4 16,9 18,62011 -2,7 -3,0 1,7 9,0 15,1 18,5 19,9Oradea1901 - 2000 -1,9 0,3 5,2 10,8 15,9 19,0 20,92011 0,0 -1,2 6,0 12,4 16,8 21,1 21,8Iai1901 - 2000 -3,5 -1,8 3,1 10,2 16,0 19,5 21,22011 -2,4 -2,3 3,5 10,3 16,7 20,7 22,9Cluj - Napoca1901 - 2000 -4,2 -2,1 3,6 9,2 14,4 17,4 19,12011 -3,6 -3,5 4,6 10,1 14,6 18,7 19,8Trgu Mure1901 - 2000 -4,0 -1,8 4,0 9,7 14,8 17,7 19,42011 -3,1 -2,2 4,8 10,2 15,5 19,0 20,2Bacu1901 - 2000 -3,6 -2,1 2,9 9,7 15,2 18,9 20,62011 -2,9 -2,1 2,5 9,9 15,8 20,2 22,0Timioara1901 - 2000 -1,5 0,6 5,7 11,1 16,3 19,6 21,52011 -0,7 -1,0 6,3 12,7 16,6 21,3 22,6Deva1901 - 2000 -2,5 0,0 5,3 10,7 15,6 18,6 20,42011 -1,9 -1,3 5,7 11,8 15,7 19,5 20,8Sibiu1901 - 2000 -3,6 -1,4 3,9 9,5 14,4 17,5 19,22011 -3,0 -2,6 4,6 10,1 14,8 18,6 20,3Vrfu Omu1901 - 2000 -10,6 -10,8 -8,5 -4,4 0,3 3,5 5,52011 -10,3 -9,2 -7,2 -5,2 0,6 4,3 7,0Galai1901 - 2000 -2,6 -0,9 4,0 10,8 16,5 20,4 22,52011 -2,4 -3,0 4,6 10,2 17,2 21,3 24,2Trgu Jiu1901 - 2000 -2,4 -0,3 4,8 10,9 15,9 19,4 21,42011 -1,2 -1,0 4,9 11,9 16,7 20,8 22,2Buzu1901 - 2000 -2,2 -0,2 4,4 10,9 16,6 20,3 22,32011 -2,4 -1,7 5,3 11,1 17,0 21,2 23,7Calafat1901 - 2000 -1,4 0,6 5,7 11,9 17,4 21,0 23,32011 -0,4 0,2 4,7 12,4 17,5 22,4 24,0Turnu Mgurele1901 - 2000 -2,3 0,3 5,6 12,2 17,6 21,3 23,32011 -1,9 -0,7 5,4 11,5 17,1 21,8 23,9Bucureti - Filaret1901 - 2000 -2,2 -0,2 5,3 11,6 16,9 20,7 22,92011 -1,5 -1,4 6,0 11,4 16,6 21,3 23,9Constana1901 - 2000 0,1 1,2 4,5 9,6 15,2 19,7 22,22011 1,0 0,5 4,6 9,2 16,2 21,5 24,1

18

Temperatura aerului (media lunar i anual) Air temperature (monthly and yearly average)1.9

Sursa: Administraia Naional de Meteorologie.Source: National Administration of Meteorology.

Monthly average Media Amplitudinea Meteorological August Septembrie Octombrie Noiembrie Decembrie anual anual stationAugust September October November December Yearly Yearly and observation

average amplitude years

Satu Mare19,8 15,5 10,1 4,9 0,1 9,7 23,2 1901 - 200021,1 17,6 8,0 0,3 2,7 10,1 23,2 2011

Suceava17,8 13,6 7,9 2,7 -2,2 7,5 23,4 1901 - 200019,0 16,3 7,4 1,9 1,5 8,7 22,9 2011

Oradea20,4 16,3 10,9 5,3 0,8 10,3 22,8 1901 - 200022,6 19,4 9,8 1,9 3,1 11,1 23,8 2011

Iai20,5 15,9 10,0 4,1 -0,8 9,5 24,7 1901 - 200021,6 18,1 8,8 2,7 2,6 10,3 25,3 2011

Cluj - Napoca18,4 14,2 8,8 3,3 -1,4 8,4 23,3 1901 - 200019,9 17,3 7,6 -0,4 0,9 8,8 23,5 2011

Trgu Mure18,8 14,6 9,2 3,7 -1,3 8,7 23,4 1901 - 200020,1 17,3 7,4 -0,7 1,0 9,1 23,3 2011

Bacu19,8 15,3 9,5 3,7 -0,9 9,1 24,2 1901 - 200020,6 17,6 8,1 2,1 1,3 9,6 24,9 2011

Timioara20,9 16,8 11,2 5,7 1,2 10,7 23,0 1901 - 200022,9 20,3 10,1 2,5 3,5 11,4 23,9 2011

Deva19,8 15,7 10,2 4,7 0,3 9,9 22,9 1901 - 200021,4 19,1 9,1 0,7 1,8 10,2 23,3 2011

Sibiu18,6 14,5 9,2 3,8 -1,1 8,7 22,8 1901 - 200020,6 18,2 8,2 -0,5 0,6 9,2 23,6 2011

Vrfu Omu5,7 2,8 -0,8 -4,8 -8,4 -2,6 16,5 1901 - 20007,8 5,8 -1,9 -3,9 -7,6 -1,7 18,1 2011

Galai21,9 17,3 11,3 5,2 0,1 10,5 25,1 1901 - 200022,9 20,3 10,3 3,3 3,0 11,0 27,2 2011

Trgu Jiu20,8 16,5 10,5 4,8 0,0 10,2 23,8 1901 - 200022,2 20,1 9,8 1,7 1,7 10,8 23,4 2011

Buzu21,9 17,4 11,2 5,1 0,4 10,7 24,5 1901 - 200023,0 21,0 10,6 3,6 3,1 11,3 26,1 2011

Calafat22,8 18,2 11,9 5,7 1,0 11,5 24,7 1901 - 200024,4 22,4 11,7 2,9 3,5 12,1 24,8 2011

Turnu Mgurele22,5 18,1 11,8 5,7 0,5 11,4 25,6 1901 - 200023,3 21,1 10,5 2,5 2,3 11,4 25,8 2011

Bucharest - Filaret22,4 17,7 11,8 5,5 0,4 11,0 25,1 1901 - 200023,3 21,3 10,9 4,1 3,3 11,6 25,4 2011

Constana22,0 18,2 13,2 7,6 2,8 11,4 22,1 1901 - 200023,6 21,2 12,0 5,1 5,1 12,0 23,6 2011

19

grade Celsius / Celsius degrees

20

Staia meteorologic Ianuarie Februarie Martie Aprilie Mai Iunie Iulie Augusti anii January February March April May June July Augustde observaie

Satu Mare1901 - 2000maxima lunar 14,7 17,9 26,0 30,7 32,4 36,3 37,2 39,4

anul 1990 1989 1974 1950 1937 2000 1939; 1987 1952minima lunar -29,3 -27,6 -20,6 -6,4 -2,6 0,6 4,9 3,5

anul 1982 1940 1940 1954 1976 1977 1961 19802011maxima lunar 10,8 11,4 21,1 23,7 30,3 33,8 36,0 36,1

ziua 10 8 16 22 28 23 10 25minima lunar -11,8 -13,1 -7,9 -0,3 -2,4 6,6 9,1 7,8

ziua 31 27 1 11; 14 6 26 3 11Suceava1901 - 2000maxima lunar 15,0 20,4 26,6 28,4 34,5 34,0 35,2 38,6

anul 1984 1990 1952 1943 1958 1972 1988 1952minima lunar -29,6 -31,0 -21,9 -9,2 -2,2 1,5 5,5 4,2


ziua 15; 17 8 14 27 23 23 11 8minima lunar -17,1 -13,6 -14,5 -0,2 2,6 9,7 6,8 9,0

ziua 6 16 3 21 6 21 3 29Oradea1901 - 2000maxima lunar 17,1 19,2 26,4 32,6 33,4 37,8 39,5 40,0


anul 1942 1935 1932 1944 1943 1918 1943 1942; 19432011maxima lunar 12,4 11,7 21,4 24,4 30,8 34,3 37,9 36,9

ziua 10 18 16 27 31 23 10 25minima lunar -13,9 -9,8 -7,1 -0,2 0,6 7,9 10,0 10,9

ziua 30 1 9 14 5 26 2 12Iai1901 - 2000maxima lunar 16,7 22,5 27,0 31,5 36,4 38,0 40,0 39,7



ziua 18 7 15 29 30 24 20 23minima lunar -16,6 -13,1 -15,7 1,5 3,8 10,7 10,4 10,2

ziua 5 16 3 12 6 15 4 30Cluj - Napoca1901 - 2000maxima lunar 14,0 19,3 26,6 30,2 32,5 36,0 37,0 38,0

anul 1903 1966 1975 1926; 1950 1924 1935 1936 1952minima lunar -34,2 -32,5 -22,0 -8,4 -3,5 0,4 5,2 3,5


ziua 16 18 13 30 24 23 9 24minima lunar -18,6 -18,3 -10,9 -0,8 0,5 8,2 7,0 9,0

ziua 30 2 8; 9 17 6 26 3 12

Temperatura aerului (maxima absolut i minima absolut lunar i anual)Air temperature (monthly and yearly absolute maximum and absolute minimum)1.10

21

Maxima absolut Minima absolutanual i data anual i data Meteorological

Septembrie Octombrie Noiembrie Decembrie nregistrrii nregistrrii stationSeptember October November December Yearly absolute Yearly absolute and observation

maximum and minimum and yearsits date its date

Satu Mare1901 - 2000

37,3 28,3 24,2 18,0 39,4 monthly maximum1946 1943 1968 1989 16 august 1952 year-4,7 -9,3 -19,6 -30,4 -30,4 monthly minimum

1970 1971 1989 1961 24 decembrie/December 1961 year2011

32,4 26,5 19,7 12,5 36,1 monthly maximum5 5 6 5 25 august date

2,1 -8,6 -11,1 -7,9 -13,1 monthly minimum25 18 30 1 27 februarie/February date

Suceava1901 - 2000


1953; 1977 1951; 1979 1942 1996 20 februarie/February 1954 year2011

29,7 26,8 12,5 15,5 33,5 monthly maximum12 5 9 5 23 iunie/June date5,7 -4,7 -7,6 -11,4 -17,1 monthly minimum

26; 27 30 22 25 6 ianuarie/January dateOradea1901 - 2000


1970 1943 1915 1902 24 ianuarie/January 1942 year2011

33,8 26,5 21,6 13,5 37,9 monthly maximum5 1 5 12 10 iulie/July date

4,0 -4,2 -9,9 -5,2 -13,9 monthly minimum29 18 24 26 30 ianuarie/January date

Iai1901 - 2000

38,0 33,9 29,0 19,5 40,0 monthly maximum1946 1952 1926 1989 27 iulie/July 1909 year-3,5 -9,6 -21,1 -29,5 -36,3 monthly minimum

1921; 1931 1912 1993 1946 1 februarie/February 1937 year2011

31,9 28,5 14,3 15,6 35,5 monthly maximum12; 14 5 4 4 20 iulie/July date

4,9 -3,7 -7,9 -10,2 -16,6 monthly minimum26 19; 27 30 25 5 ianuarie/January date

Cluj - Napoca1901 - 2000




6,0 -6,0 -10,2 -9,9 -18,6 monthly minimum25 18 26 1 30 iauarie/January date


22


Trgu Mure1901 - 2000maxima lunar 14,0 19,0 27,0 32,5 34,4 35,3 39,0 38,5


anul 1942; 1963 1929 1932 1929 1976 1928 1996 1958

2011maxima lunar 9,1 10,9 21,9 22,7 29,4 32,0 34,0 33,9

ziua 16 7 16 24; 25; 27 24 23 20 25minima lunar -16,4 -11,4 -9,4 -2,9 0,4 8,7 9,1 7,8

ziua 6 1; 3 9 11 6 26 3 30Bacu1901 - 2000maxima lunar 18,2 22,4 29,6 30,9 35,6 36,5 39,6 38,8


anul 1963 1954 1986 1963 1912 1939 1904; 1954 19402011maxima lunar 8,5 17,0 21,9 23,0 28,9 35,9 35,7 32,4

ziua 18 8 15 27; 30 22; 24 24 9 8minima lunar -16,9 -12,2 -15,9 0,1 2,8 8,9 9,5 8,9

ziua 5 1 3 17 7 21 3 29Timioara1901 - 2000maxima lunar 17,4 20,5 28,2 32,0 34,5 38,4 39,6 41,0



ziua 9 8 15; 16 30 31 23 10 24minima lunar -15,3 -10,8 -7,0 2,2 1,7 10,2 8,8 10,8

ziua 25 27 9 14 6 21 3 12Deva1901 - 2000maxima lunar 15,3 20,8 28,5 32,3 34,6 35,6 39,4 39,7

anul 1939 1977 1952 1956 1950 1952; 1963 1931; 1936 1952minima lunar -31,6 -28,1 -21,7 -6,0 -2,4 2,2 3,7 4,4


ziua 9 7; 8 13; 15 22 28 23 15; 19 25minima lunar -16,8 -19,1 -8,9 0,8 -1,1 7,0 9,0 8,8

ziua 31 2 8; 9 18 6 27 3 12Sibiu1901 - 2000maxima lunar 15,6 21,3 30,6 30,2 32,1 35,4 37,5 38,4



ziua 9; 15 8 16 21 23;24;25;30 23 9 24minima lunar -21,4 -20,3 -9,3 -2,9 -0,6 8,9 8,2 9,2

ziua 31 1 9 17 6 16 3 30

Temperatura aerului (maxima absolut i minima absolut lunar i anual) - continuareAir temperature (monthly and yearly absolute maximum and absolute minimum) - continued1.10

23




Trgu Mure1901 - 2000


1970 1988 1989 1927 25 ianuarie/January 1942; year23 ianuarie/January 1963

201131,8 26,0 19,1 15,3 34,0 monthly maximum

12 7 6 13 20 iulie/July date5,7 -7,9 -9,8 -11,6 -16,4 monthly minimum25 18 24; 28 2 6 ianuarie/January date

Bacu1901 - 2000


1977 1912 1993 1946 20 februarie/February 1954 year2011

34,4 28,8 14,7 13,6 35,9 monthly maximum14 1 9 5 24 iunie/June date4,8 -4,0 -8,5 -10,1 -16,9 monthly minimum27 19; 31 30 25 5 ianuarie/January date

Timioara1901 - 2000



34,2 27,6 19,7 15,3 37,7 monthly maximum11 1 5 5 10 iulie/July date8,9 -4,1 -7,7 -4,3 -15,3 monthly minimum25 18 25 2 25 ianuarie/January date

Deva1901 - 2000





Sibiu1901 - 2000

39,5 32,5 27,0 19,3 39,5 monthly maximum1946 1932 1926 1957 7 septembrie/September 1946 year-3,6 -9,4 -21,3 -29,8 -31,8 monthly minimum

1970; 1977 1997 1948 1927 23 ianuarie/January 1963 year2011


6,9 -5,9 -13,2 -11,5 -21,4 monthly minimum29 18 30 1; 22 31 ianuarie/January date


24


Vrfu Omu1901 - 2000maxima lunar 5,6 6,0 12,2 12,8 16,6 22,0 22,1 20,8

anul 1949 1950 1974 1986 1986 1939 1984 1956; 1957minima lunar -32,3 -38,0 -29,6 -26,0 -16,0 -12,0 -8,0 -7,0

anul 1964 1929 1987 1940 1940 1939 1933 19492011maxima lunar -1,8 1,3 3,5 1,8 11,2 14,9 15,5 16,6

ziua 11 8 15 5 28 24 19 24minima lunar -20,9 -20,9 -22,9 -14,2 -12,6 -4,1 -2,1 0,1

ziua 25 13 8 10 6 27 3 12Galai1901 - 2000maxima lunar 17,3 22,4 27,8 31,8 36,2 35,8 40,2 39,0




ziua 31 3 3 11 6 26 4 28Trgu Jiu1901 - 2000maxima lunar 18,3 21,7 26,4 31,8 37,5 36,6 40,6 39,0

anul 1983 1990 1957 1926 1950 1947; 1963 2000 1922; 1946;1952

minima lunar -31,0 -28,3 -24,7 -4,6 -1,2 2,2 5,0 2,6anul 1942 1954 1987 1968 1938 1918; 1990 1993 1939

2011maxima lunar 13,4 16,8 22,0 22,6 29,4 32,7 35,9 35,4


ziua 31 1 9 15 7 21 23 30Buzu1901 - 2000maxima lunar 18,4 22,2 27,9 31,5 37,3 38,5 39,8 39,6

anul 1936 1990 1947 1909; 1947 1950 1908 2000 1951minima lunar -29,6 -25,0 -17,0 -5,3 -2,0 4,6 7,5 5,4



ziua 26 3 2 11 6 26 4 12Calafat1901 - 2000maxima lunar 20,5 22,4 27,6 34,5 36,6 39,5 43,2 41,3

anul 1993 1990 1952; 1994 1985 1969 1908 2000 1945minima lunar -29,2 -24,6 -15,7 -3,0 1,6 6,2 9,0 7,3



ziua 31 1 10 24 9 27 4 30


25




Vrfu Omu1901 - 2000

19,2 20,0 13,6 8,2 22,1 monthly maximum1993 1935 1945 1972 14 iulie/July 1984 year-15,0 -19,0 -30,8 -32,4 -38,0 monthly minimum1935 1946 1957 1957 10 februarie/February 1929 year

201114,1 10,3 7,7 -0,4 16,6 monthly maximum

14 5 4 2 24 august date-1,1 -14,6 -12,5 -17,3 -22,9 monthly minimum

10 17 11 22 8 Martie/March dateGalai1901 - 2000


1977 1973 1933 1996 10 februarie/February 1929 year2011



Trgu Jiu1901 - 2000

40,6 31,5 26,4 20,0 40,6 monthly maximum1946 1935 1926 1986 8 septembrie/September 1946 year

4 iulie/July 2000-4,0 -9,0 -15,1 -26,9 -31,0 monthly minimum




Buzu1901 - 2000



34,1 28,0 16,5 15,7 35,3 monthly maximum13;14 7 9 4 9 iulie/July date


Calafat1901 - 2000




8,5 -4,6 -9,6 -6,2 -13,2 monthly minimum28 31 30 2 10 martie/March date


26


Turnu Mgurele1901 - 2000maxima lunar 18,0 24,1 29,6 34,2 38,8 38,2 43,2 41,4

anul 1983 1995 1951 1985 1950 1957 1987 1952minima lunar -30,0 -26,0 -22,2 -4,6 0,5 5,0 9,0 6,6


ziua 15 12 15; 16 8 16; 24; 25 24 20 24minima lunar -13,5 -12,2 -7,2 -0,3 3,4 9,5 9,4 11,2

ziua 30 4 5 12 7 26 4 30Bucureti - Filaret1901 - 2000maxima lunar 16,8 23,0 28,8 34,4 36,6 40,3 42,4 41,1




ziua 26; 27 1 5 17 8 27 4 12Constana1901 - 2000maxima lunar 18,0 24,5 30,8 31,9 36,9 36,9 38,5 36,8

anul 1988 1995 1952 1985 1969 1982 1927 1902minima lunar -24,7 -25,0 -12,8 -4,5 1,8 6,4 7,6 8,0

anul 1942 1929 1929 1923 1915 1913 1944 1936; 19492011maxima lunar 9,6 16,2 23,1 18,4 27,4 30,1 33,9 33,0


ziua 5 3 1 12 6 29 4 30



27




Turnu Mgurele1901 - 2000



34,6 29,0 16,2 20,0 36,5 monthly maximum14; 15 7 28 5 20 iulie/July date


Bucharest - Filaret1901 - 2000





Constana1901 - 2000

34,8 31,0 26,5 21,0 38,5 monthly maximum1987 1928 1990 1903 10 iulie/July 1927 year

1,0 -12,4 -11,7 -18,6 -25,0 monthly minimum1931 1920 1953 1948 10 februarie/February 1929 year

201130,6 27,5 15,8 17,8 33,9 monthly maximum

13 6 9 5 18 iulie/July date12,3 2,4 -4,3 -2,7 -10,4 monthly minimum

28 19 20 25 5 ianuarie/January date


28

Staia meteorologic Ianuarie Februarie Martie Aprilie Mai Iunie Iuliei anii de observaie January February March April May June July

Satu Mare1901 - 2000 39,8 35,9 35,0 44,8 63,1 81,4 69,42011 32,0 33,7 34,0 32,4 32,6 52,2 112,4Suceava1901 - 2000 24,2 24,4 24,4 47,5 74,7 92,0 89,92011 10,3 17,6 13,4 40,8 27,0 119,2 91,2Oradea1901 - 2000 36,3 32,1 35,5 48,1 65,5 83,3 64,32011 25,5 19,4 28,9 19,0 55,5 35,2 125,3Iai1901 - 2000 29,7 26,9 28,4 43,9 55,9 82,6 69,32011 13,2 13,7 8,4 82,2 32,3 84,1 37,8Cluj - Napoca1901 - 2000 26,3 26,4 25,4 46,4 74,4 90,0 79,02011 24,8 23,8 22,3 43,8 69,4 76,8 127,8Trgu Mure1901 - 2000 28,4 28,7 26,3 49,0 73,8 90,0 80,02011 24,1 11,5 18,2 30,8 40,2 153,6 98,4Bacu1901 - 2000 25,0 25,6 26,3 38,6 66,6 86,8 81,02011 21,1 30,8 4,8 50,0 82,0 88,0 91,4Timioara1901 - 2000 39,1 37,5 36,5 48,2 63,4 81,0 58,32011 23,3 28,9 30,9 21,9 67,3 28,7 107,9Deva1901 - 2000 32,1 29,7 28,7 47,4 64,7 78,8 69,42011 16,9 23,3 16,2 29,2 27,8 64,6 102,6Sibiu1901 - 2000 28,6 26,6 31,2 53,8 78,3 106,4 87,62011 28,1 34,8 21,9 38,9 38,3 156,5 116,2Vrfu Omu1901 - 2000 71,6 79,5 76,6 86,0 106,9 140,1 135,52011 36,4 52,3 62,2 67,0 80,7 128,8 81,6Galai1901 - 2000 30,0 26,0 24,0 38,1 50,5 66,3 47,92011 50,9 26,1 2,0 53,4 34,4 85,8 10,4Trgu Jiu1901 - 2000 52,4 50,0 45,4 63,6 83,3 92,0 64,42011 43,0 63,7 32,9 4,4 69,6 73,0 168,6Buzu1901 - 2000 26,5 25,6 22,9 40,1 63,9 80,3 62,12011 21,0 15,2 0,6 44,8 46,8 114,6 106,4Calafat1901 - 2000 39,0 36,1 37,0 47,8 60,0 63,2 46,42011 33,5 65,8 42,0 14,8 22,2 42,4 58,6Turnu Mgurele1901 - 2000 35,8 32,3 34,4 42,0 56,7 64,7 52,62011 37,4 31,5 15,9 31,3 70,9 33,1 90,7Bucureti - Filaret1901 - 2000 39,5 33,3 38,1 46,0 68,1 85,5 59,22011 47,5 17,9 4,0 26,9 129,6 66,0 48,6Constana1901 - 2000 28,8 26,3 24,9 28,7 36,6 42,2 33,72011 37,2 19,2 19,1 39,2 39,8 12,6 37,1

Precipitaii atmosferice (cantitatea lunar i anual)Precipitations (monthly and yearly quantity)1.11


29

August Septembrie Octombrie Noiembrie Decembrie Anual Meteorological stationAugust September October November December Yearly and observation years

Satu Mare62,2 45,6 46,0 47,3 53,3 598,8 1901 - 200017,0 18,2 18,8 0,1 72,0 455,4 2011

Suceava67,6 44,6 30,3 34,1 25,2 562,9 1901 - 200027,1 26,8 17,4 0,9 16,5 408,2 2011

Oradea56,2 47,1 44,0 48,6 52,2 588,9 1901 - 20008,9 30,8 15,6 - 54,0 418,1 2011

Iai56,0 45,3 32,5 37,0 29,7 517,8 1901 - 200032,1 18,7 40,2 0,6 8,7 372,0 2011

Cluj - Napoca72,7 42,7 37,5 31,6 30,6 564,7 1901 - 200058,4 21,6 14,6 0,2 26,3 509,8 2011

Trgu Mure69,7 43,7 41,7 36,7 32,5 583,5 1901 - 200035,2 2,8 15,4 0,8 27,3 458,3 2011

Bacu62,5 48,9 35,9 34,0 30,0 543,5 1901 - 200037,6 10,4 41,2 2,8 12,4 472,5 2011

Timioara51,5 43,9 49,7 48,7 49,4 583,9 1901 - 20001,3 11,7 33,0 0,2 34,7 389,8 2011

Deva58,5 44,4 41,2 36,9 38,3 551,1 1901 - 20009,6 2,0 14,8 - 25,1 332,1 2011

Sibiu71,0 54,6 43,9 33,9 29,2 626,2 1901 - 20005,6 1,0 23,3 1,4 16,6 482,6 2011

Vrfu Omu105,7 65,8 59,6 55,5 68,5 1023,7 1901 - 200045,7 16,6 59,0 3,1 55,9 689,3 2011

Galai40,3 39,5 34,4 34,3 32,6 445,6 1901 - 200024,6 1,0 18,6 0,6 16,3 324,1 2011

Trgu Jiu57,6 53,5 64,5 62,6 63,0 726,3 1901 - 20004,4 0,8 22,8 4,3 25,5 513,0 2011

Buzu50,1 38,7 35,2 39,2 32,8 501,5 1901 - 200024,6 0,4 38,6 1,0 23,0 437,0 2011

Calafat36,0 39,3 47,1 52,0 48,9 532,8 1901 - 20002,6 2,2 23,4 0,3 24,8 332,6 2011

Turnu Mgurele38,6 37,6 41,2 45,4 40,3 502,7 1901 - 200080,6 0,1 45,7 0,1 19,8 457,1 2011

Bucharest - Filaret50,0 40,6 42,9 47,8 41,4 567,7 1901 - 200048,6 11,5 30,2 1,3 41,9 474,0 2011

Constana29,8 29,7 33,7 39,6 34,3 368,1 1901 - 20000,8 6,5 41,8 0,5 53,2 307,0 2011

mm

30

Categorii de arii Numr Suprafaa (ha) Categories of protectedprotejate Number Area (ha) areas

Rezervaii tiinifice 64 2181451) Scientific reserves

Parcuri naionale 13 3168721) National parks

Monumente ale naturii 206 154061) Natural monuments

Rezervaii naturale 699 3469331) Natural reserves

Parcuri naturale 15 7728101) Natural parks

Rezervaii ale biosferei 3 664446 Biosphere reserves

Zone umede de importan internaional 8 680859 Wetlands of international importance

Arii de protecie special avifaunistic 148 3694394 Special avifaunistic protection areas

Situri de importan comunitar 383 4152153 Sites of community interest

Ariile protejate, n anul 2011Protected areas, in 20111.12

Denumirea rezervaiei Judeul Suprafaa1) (ha)Name of reserve County Area1) (ha)

Total 664446

Delta Dunrii / Danube Delta Tulcea, Constana 580000Retezat Hunedoara 38047Rodna Maramure, Bistria-Nsud, Suceava 46399

Rezervaii ale biosferei, n anul 2011Biosphere reservations, in 20111.13

1) Conform Legii nr. 5/2000 privind Planul de amenajare a teritoriului naional - Seciunea a III-a - zone protejate.According to the Law no.5/2000 on the national territory arrangement plan - Section III - Protected areas.

Sursa: Agenia Naional pentru Protecia Mediului. / Source: National Agency for Environment Protection.

Not: Suprafeele ariilor protejate au fost calculate conform Legii nr. 5/2000 privind Planul de amenajare a teritoriului naional - Seciunea a III-a - zone protejate i H.G.-urilor nr.: 2151/2004; 1581/2005; 1143/2007 privind instituirea regimului de arie natural protejat pentru noi zone; 1284/2007 privind declararea ariilor de protecie special avifaunistic ca parte integrant a reelei ecologice europene Natura 2000 n Romnia; 1964/2007 privind instituirea regimului de arie natural protejat a siturilor de importan comunitar, ca parte integrant a reelei ecologice europene Natura 2000 n Romnia i 1066/2010 privind instituirea regimului de arie natural protejat asupra unor zone din Rezervaia biosferei "Delta Dunrii".

Note: Areas of protected zones were calculated according to the Law no.5/2000 regarding the national territory arrangement plan - Section III - protected areas and G.D. no. 2151/2004; 1581/2005; 1143/2007 regarding regime of natural protected area for new zones; 1284/2007 regarding declaration of special protection avifauna areas as integral part of European ecological network NATURE 2000 in Romania;1964/2007 on creation of protected natural area regime of community importance, as integrated part of European ecological network NATURE 2000 in Romania and 1066/2010 regarding regime of natural protected area over some zones from the reservation of "Danube Delta" biosphere.

1) Suprafee reevaluate prin msurtori realizate cu tehnologii GIS. / Areas reassessed by measurements with GIS technologies.Sursa: Agenia Naional pentru Protecia Mediului. / Source: National Agency for Environment Protection.

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Suprafaa SuprafaaDenumirea parcului Judeul legislaie (ha) GIS (ha)1)

Name of park County Area Arealegislation (ha) GIS (ha)1)

Parcuri naionale - total National parks - total 316335 316872

Domogled-Valea Cernei Cara-Severin, Mehedini, Gorj 60100 61190Rodna Bistria-Nsud, Maramure, Suceava 46399 47207Retezat Hunedoara 38047 38115Cheile Nerei-Beunia Cara-Severin 37100 36707Semenic-Cheile Caraului Cara-Severin 36665 36219Climani Bistria-Nsud, Harghita, Suceava, Mure 24519 24519Cozia Vlcea 17100 16721Piatra Craiului Arge, Braov 14800 14781Munii Mcinului Tulcea 11321 11114Defileul Jiului Gorj, Hunedoara 11127 11136Ceahlu Neam 8396 7739Cheile Bicazului-Hma Neam, Harghita 6575 6933Buila-Vnturria Vlcea 4186 4491

Parcuri naturale - totalNatural parks - total 749137 772810

Munii Maramureului Maramure 148850 133419Porile de Fier Cara-Severin, Mehedini 115656 128196Geoparcul Platoul Mehedini Mehedini 106000 106492Geoparcul Dinozaurilor - ara Haegului Hunedoara 102392 100487Munii Apuseni Alba, Bihor, Cluj 75784 76022Putna - Vrancea Vrancea 38204 38190Bucegi Arge, Braov, Dmbovia, Prahova 32497 32497Vntori Neam Neam 30818 30841Comana Giurgiu 24963 24963Balta Mica a Brilei Brila 24400 24400Lunca Mureului Arad, Timi 17166 17428Grditea Muncelului - Cioclovina Hunedoara 10000 38116Defileul Mureului Superior Mure 9156 9494Lunca Joas a Prutului Inferior Galai 8247 7261Cefa Bihor 5004 5004

Parcurile naionale i parcurile naturale, n anul 2011National and natural parks, in 20111.14

Not: Suprafeele ariilor protejate au fost calculate conform Legii nr. 5/2000 privind Planul de amenajare a teritoriului naional - Seciunea a III-a - zone protejate i H.G.-urilor nr.: 2151/2004; 1581/2005; 1143/2007, privind instituirea regimului de arie natural protejat pentru noi zone.

Note: Protected areas were calculated according to the Law no.5/2000 on The Plan of natural territory arrangement - Section III - protected areas and G.D. no.:2151/2004; 1581/2005; 1143/2007, on the setting up of protected natural area regime for new zones.

1) Suprafee reevaluate prin msurtori realizate cu tehnologii GIS conform limitelor publicate pe site-ul Ministerului Mediului i Pdurilor.Areas reassessed by measurements with GIS technologies according to limits issued on the site of Ministry of Environment and Forests.

Sursa: Agenia Naional pentru Protecia Mediului. / Source: National Agency for Environment Protection.

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Surse de ap / Water sources milioane m3 / anBazine hidrografice / Hydrographic basins million m3 / year

Total 39270Ape de suprafa / Superficial waters 33859

Ruri interioare / Inland rivers 13859Tisa 256Some 715Criuri 395Mure 1044Spaiul Banat1) / Banat Space1) 608Jiu 2109Olt 1682Vedea 40Arge 1672Ialomia 430Siret 1956Prut 726Alte bazine2) / Other basins2) 2226

Dunrea / The Danube 20000Ape subterane / Underground waters 5411

Resursele de ap asigurate, potrivit gradului de amenajare, n anul 2011Water resources assured, according to the arrangement level, in 20111.15

km

din care: / of which:Total lungimi Clasa I Clasa II Clasa III Clasa IV Clasa V

pe corp de ap Stare Stare Stare Stare StareBazine hidrografice monitorizat foarte bun bun moderat slab proastHydrographic basins Total length of The first The second The third The fourth The fifth

monitored class class class class classwater body Very-good Good Moderate Poor Bad

status status status status status

Total 21161 14148 6887 82 44

Tisa 945 - 921 24 - -Some 2406 - 1620 786 - -Criuri 1297 - 872 425 - -Mure-Aranca 1699 - 1571 128 - -Spaiul Banat 1) / Banat Space1) 1418 - 1142 276 - -Jiu 1279 - 1118 161 - -Olt 2145 - 1209 923 13 -Vedea 847 - 83 764 - -Arge 1679 - 1045 634 - -Buzu 590 - 474 116 - -Ialomia 1053 - 391 662 - -Siret 4295 - 3280 946 69 -Prut 498 - 218 236 - 44Dunrea / The Danube 756 - 188 568 - -Litoral / Seaside 254 - 16 238 - -

Calitatea apelor de suprafa, n anul 2011Superficial water quality, in 20111.16

1) Spaiul Banat / Banat Space = Bega, Cara, Brzava, Timi, Cerna, Nera.Sursa: Administraia Naional Apele Romne". / Source: National Administration "Romanian Waters".

1) Spaiul Banat / Banat Space = Bega, Cara, Brzava, Timi, Cerna, Nera.2) Alte bazine / Other basins = Clmui - Olt, Clmui - Buzu.Sursa: Administraia Naional Apele Romne. / Source: National Administration Romanian Waters.

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mii lei preuri curente / lei thou current prices

Prevenirea i combaterea polurii, Proteciape domenii de mediu: resurselor

Prevention and control of pollution, naturale iby environmental field: conservarea Alte

Sectoare de activitate Total sol i ape biodiversitii domeniiActivity sectors subterane Natural resources Other

aer ap deeuri soil and protection and fieldsair water waste underground biodiversity

waters preservation

Total 5414279 731255 3019253 949787 192899 189692 331393

Productori nespecializai / Non-specialised producers

Total 1400480 535915 194957 173645 159997 186952 149014

Silvicultur i exploatare forestier 170905 - 418 - 1362 167750 1375Foresty and logging

Industrie extractiv 522570 241304 96598 45144 51790 6860 80874Mining and quarrying

Industrie prelucrtoare 414141 168395 72757 94015 17985 10949 50040Manufacturing

Pr

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in 2011water resources