01-01 cbss radio network planning

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1 cBSS Radio Network PlanningAbout This Chapter

Radio network planning refers to planning the cBSS network according to the network

construction target, network evolution requirements, cost requirements, types of optional

equipment. Radio network planning specifies the number of NEs required by network

construction, configuration parameters, and engineering parameters before the cBSS network

construction. Radio network planning is directly related to the performances, construction costs,

and maintenance costs of future networks.

1.1 Process of Radio Network Planning

Radio network planning consists of two phases: preliminary radio network planning and finalradio network planning.

1.2 Preliminary Radio Network Planning

Preliminary radio network planning, conducted at the early stage of a project, is relatively rough

compared with the final network planning.

1.3 Final Radio Network Planning

Final radio network planning refers to performing field survey for each site based on the results

of preliminary radio network planning and determining the engineering parameters of each cell.

The cell planning and cell parameter settings can be simulated. Final radio network planning is

conducted after preliminary radio network planning is complete and the commercial contract is

entered.

1.4 Tools for Radio Network Planning

The tools for radio network planning helps to collect and analyze data and thus assists radio

network planning. The commonly used tools are CDMA RND tool, Genex U-Net, and Genex

Apus.

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Network Planning Guideline 1 cBSS Radio Network Planning

Issue 2.0 (2008-03-12) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

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1.1 Process of Radio Network Planning

Radio network planning consists of two phases: preliminary radio network planning and final

radio network planning.

1.1.1 Procedure of Preliminary Radio Network Planning

The preliminary radio network planning phase covers the following activities: information

collection, area division, radio network dimensioning, propagation model selection, antenna

selection, initial site selection, and system simulation.

1.1.2 Procedure of Final Radio Network Planning

The final radio network planning phase covers the following activities: noise test, site survey

and selection, system simulation, and cell parameter planning.

1.1.1 Procedure of Preliminary Radio Network PlanningThe preliminary radio network planning phase covers the following activities: information

collection, area division, radio network dimensioning, propagation model selection, antenna

selection, initial site selection, and system simulation.

Figure 1-1 shows the procedure of preliminary radio network planning.

1 cBSS Radio Network Planning

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Network Planning Guideline

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Figure 1-1 Procedure of preliminary radio network planning

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Figure 1-2 Procedure of final radio network planning

Final radio network planning is detailed and specific planning on radio networks. Compared

with preliminary network planning, final network planning differs only in the fact that system

simulation, site survey and selection, and noise test are mandatory during final network planning

but they are optional during preliminary network planning. Table 1-2 describes the tasks

involved in network planning.

Table 1-2 Tasks involved in final radio network planning

No. Task Description

1 Noise test Mandatory

2 Site survey and

selection

If some sites are unqualified or inaccessible, define the

Search Ring (by default, one fourth of the coverage radius)

of the sites based on the preliminary network planning and

re-select sites.

3 System

simulation

Traffic distribution analysis

Traffic model analysis

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No. Task Description

4 Cell parameter

planning

Neighbor planning, PN planning, and system parameter

planning

As shown in Figure 1-2, network planning is dynamic and cyclic. The whole process, from

providing a specific requirement, to preparing the network planning scheme, and to a planning

report, is cyclic and adjustable. For example, after system simulation, the previous network

planning scheme can be improved, and then after the site survey and selection, the previous

scheme can be further improved.

1.2 Preliminary Radio Network Planning

Preliminary radio network planning, conducted at the early stage of a project, is relatively roughcompared with the final network planning.

1.2.1 Input of Preliminary Radio Network Planning

This describes the data and requirements to be collected before preliminary radio network

planning.


The preliminary radio network planning phase covers the following activities: area division,

radio network dimensioning, propagation model selection, antenna selection, site selection, and

system simulation.

1.2.3 Output of Preliminary Radio Network PlanningAfter the preliminary radio network planning is complete, theNominal Radio Network Planning

Reportand theRadio Network Engineering Parameters Table should be provided.

1.2.1 Input of Preliminary Radio Network Planning

This describes the data and requirements to be collected before preliminary radio network

planning.

Related information is collected in the initial phase of network planning. The collected

information is used for network dimensioning, network simulation, and network construction

policies. The collected information can be used for the input of network planning or for reference.

Before network planning, the on-site owner needs to communicate with the customers or the

persons from the Marketing Department to get aware of the network planning requirements. The

on-site owner also needs to analyze expected planning output, destination information, network

construction target, network scale limitation, and construction phase planning after the

communication.

The following information is required in the preliminary radio network planning phase:

l Information provided by the Marketing Department, project documents before deployment,

and destination information, such as population, area, and terrain

l Requirements for network construction, including coverage service type, coverage,

capacity, and quality requirements, if the contract is signed

l Available sites and frequency, especially available sites of the initial network


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l Exact scenario definition of the area to be planned

l Propagation model corrected by the CW test

l Digital map and software platform for network planning

If the existing network is expanded or migrated, the following information is required: recentnetwork optimization report, configuration of the existing network, drive test documents of the

existing network, traffic measurement data of the existing network, and customer complaints

against the existing network.


The preliminary radio network planning phase covers the following activities: area division,

radio network dimensioning, propagation model selection, antenna selection, site selection, and

system simulation.

1.2.2.1 Area Division

Area division is the first step in network planning. By performing area division, the target

coverage area is divided into different sub-areas based on the radio propagation environments,

coverage rates, and traffic distribution.

1.2.2.2 Radio Network Dimensioning

Being an activity involved in preliminary radio network planning, the Radio Network

Dimensioning (RND) refers to integrated dimensioning and planning of the numbers of BTSs

and carriers required based on the results of coverage and capacity. The construction scale,

constructionperiod, economic cost, and manpower cost of the network can be planned according

to the network dimensioning results.

1.2.2.3 Propagation Model Selection

This describes how to select the propagation models and how to configure the related parameters.

1.2.2.4 Antenna Selection

This describes how to select appropriate antennas for a target network coverage area.

1.2.2.5 Initial Site Selection

This describes how to select appropriate sites and carry out site planning on the paper map or

the electrical map according to the RND results, available site resources, coverage requirements,

and analysis of the existing networks. The sites selected based on the theoretical calculation

should conform to the ideal cellular network mesh structure.

1.2.2.6 System Simulation

System simulation refers to performing Monte Carlo simulation based on the results of initial

site selection and the traffic model. The simulation results are used to locate the radio coverageproblem, and to check whether the network scale and the cell configuration meet the network

construction requirements. Through adjusting site parameters, you can solve the radio coverage

problem, and output engineering parameters for site construction, and cell parameters required

by network construction.

Area Division

Area division is the first step in network planning. By performing area division, the target

coverage area is divided into different sub-areas based on the radio propagation environments,

coverage rates, and traffic distribution.

The target coverage area, however, generally does not have obviously marked sub-areas. Indifferent sub-areas, such as urban areas and rural areas, the radio propagation environments,

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coverage rates, and traffic distribution are different. Thus, the quantity of BTSs differs in two

areas with the same size. Generally, areas are divided into the following types:

l Dense urban areas

l Urban areas

l Suburban areas

l Rural areas

Some special coverage areas can be divided into scenic spots, forests, grassland, or other types

of terrain. Area scenario division directly affects network planning. Therefore, site survey at the

early stage of network planning is necessary for the collection of information about the radio

propagation environment. The results of site survey are the basis of scenario division.

Table 1-3 describes the basis of area division.

Table 1-3 Basis of area division

Area Type Description

Dense urban

areas

Areas that have very dense population, prosperous economy, large traffic,

comparatively dense and tall buildings in the center of a city, and shopping

centers with full vitality

Urban areas Areas that have less dense population, less prosperous economy, large call

traffic, dense buildings in the center of a city, and shopping centers with

vitality

Suburban

areas

Areas that have moderate population, developing and promising economy,

moderate traffic, less dense buildings in the center of an area, and shopping

centers with a moderate scale

Rural areas Areas that have small population, developing economy, and less traffic

Radio Network Dimensioning

Being an activity involved in preliminary radio network planning, the Radio Network

Dimensioning (RND) refers to integrated dimensioning and planning of the numbers of BTSs

and carriers required based on the results of coverage and capacity. The construction scale,

construction period, economic cost, and manpower cost of the network can be planned according

to the network dimensioning results.

Input of RND

Table 1-4 describes the input of RND.


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Table 1-4 Input of RND

Input ofRND Description

Service type Based on the requirements of network operators, determine the services thatrequire continuous coverage. Therefore, the cell radius is estimated based on

the service type, and the network is dimensioned based on the cell radius.

Dense urban areas and urban areas have high requirement for the service rate

of continuous coverage, and therefore the cell radius is relatively small.

Suburban areas and rural areas have low requirements for the service rate of

continuous coverage, and therefore the cell radius is relatively large.

NOTEServices are classified into voice service and data services of different rates. Voice

service and data service should be analyzed separately.

Cell target

load

The cell target load, indicated by percentage, is determined by the network

construction target. It is subject to the following factors:l Uplink target load: If a low value is set, the dimension of the cell radius is

large and fewer sites need to be planned. Therefore, the initial investment

cost can be reduced. But when the number of subscribers increases, the

radius of the cell is shortened, resulting in blind areas. For dense urban

areas and urban areas, the uplink target load should be high enough to

satisfy the requirements for capacity. For suburban areas and rural areas,

the uplink target load can be relatively low to expand the network coverage

and to reduce the initial investment cost. The typical value of the uplink

target load is 50%60%.

l Downlink target load: The value of the target load can be set relatively

high, because the actual value is relatively high. The typical value is 90%.

Traffic

model

The traffic model is determined by service parameters. Service parameters

refer to the traffic volumes of each service used by a single subscriber.

l For the voice service, the service volume of a single subscriber is indicated

by traffic volume that is measured in Erl.

l For the data service, the service volume of a single subscriber is indicated

by busy hour throughput that is measured in bit/s.

The value of the service volume of a single subscriber must be set according

to actual situations, such as local economic development, consumption habits,

living habits, and the expenses on mobile communications. For the service

volume of a single subscriber:l If the value is set too high, more BTSs are required because the cell radius

is very small. As a result, the initial investment cost is very high.

l If the value is set too low, fewer BTSs are required because the cell radius

is very large. As a result, the network capacity is so low that network

expansion may be required shortly after the construction.

Number of

subscribers

Refers to number of the mobile subscribers within the coverage of radio

network services.

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Input ofRND Description

Propagation

model

Used to predict the impact that terrain and human actions have on path loss.

An appropriate model can ensure the accuracy of dimensioning. The

propagation model is selected on the basis of scenarios and geographical

environments.

Planning area Areas within the coverage of radio signals. The size of this area is determined

by the requirements of the operator.

Maximum

number of

available

carriers every

sector

Refers to the maximum number of available carriers in each sector of a BTS.

Relatedparameters of

devices and

terminals

Includes the transmit power, height of antennas, antenna gain, type of feeders,and length of feeders.

Target

network

quality

Refers to the coverage rate, system blocking rate, and frame error rate.

RND

Coverage and capacity are considered during the RND phase, of which the procedure is described

in Table 1-5 and shown in Figure 1-3.

Table 1-5 Description of the RND procedure

RND Process Description

Obtain customer requirements for

network construction. Get to know the

objective and the policy of the network

planning scheme by communicating

with the marketing personnel.

-

Carry out capacity dimensioning of the

network configuration that meets the

capacity requirement.

Figure 1-4 shows the capacity dimensioning

process. The number of required BTSs and the

number of required carriers are calculated

according to the traffic model and the capacity that

each type of BTS has. After capacity dimensioning,

the CE configuration is required for each BTS. The

detailed configuration of channel resources

depends on BTS coverage and the number of

subscribers that a BTS supports.


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RND Process Description

Carry out the coverage dimensioning

and calculate the site coverage radius

according to the specific network

capacity (CDMA network load) and

customer requirements.

Figure 1-5 shows the coverage dimensioning

process. During coverage dimensioning, the three

should be taken into consideration: scenario type of

the planning area, frequency scope, and network

evaluation software. According to the principle of

balancing between uplink and downlink, the

maximum of allowed loss is calculated. The

number of required BTSs can be calculated

according to the coverage radius of a single site and

the coverage area.

Calculate the number of BTSs and that

of carriers required according to the

coverage and capacity results. Evaluate

network configuration that meets

requirements of both the coverage and

the capacity. Export theHuawei Radio

Network Plan Proposal.

-

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Figure 1-3 RND procedure


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Figure 1-4 Capacity dimensioning

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Figure 1-5 Coverage dimensioning

Output of RND

Table 1-6 describes the output of RND.

Table 1-6 Output of RND

Item Output of RND

1 Results of the link budget, such as site scale of each scenario, cell radius, and

required number of BTSs that meets the coverage requirement

2 Required number of BTSs, BTS type, and number of carriers

3 Results including site scale of each scenario, cell radius, system resource

requirements, number of BTSs, site type, and number of carriers, to meet the

coverage and capacity requirements

4 TheRadio Network Dimensioning Report, which is used for future reference

Propagation Model Selection

This describes how to select the propagation models and how to configure the related parameters.

The propagation model selection phase consists of the following activities:


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l Selecting propagation models

Appropriate propagation models should be selected for different scenarios. The commonly

used propagation models are Okumura-Hata and Cost231-Hata.

l Configuring the related parameters

Table 1-7 describes the methods of configuring propagation model parameters.

Table 1-7 Methods of configuring propagation model parameters

Method Description

Propagation

model

calibration

This method is performed if the project time permits.

Referring to the

similar model

The propagation model parameters are valued by referring to the

calibrated model parameters in a similar radio environment. This

method is commonly used in the phase of network dimensioning.

Antenna Selection

This describes how to select appropriate antennas for a target network coverage area.

The antenna functions as the interface between the radio transceiver and the outside propagation

medium. One antenna can function as a receiver and a transmitter. Network coverage is achieved

by means of the antenna, so the selection of antenna types has a direct impact on the coverage

quality and interference control.

The specifications of the antenna performance include the working band, gain, polarization

mode, beamwidth, preset tilt angle, tilt method, tilt adjustment range, front-to-back suppression

ratio, secondary lobe suppression ratio, and zero-point filling. The gain, horizontal beamwidth,

and vertical beamwidth are interrelated according to the structure of the antenna.

Table 1-8 describes the requirements for the antenna type selection in different scenarios.

Table 1-8 Requirements for antenna selection in different scenarios

Scenari

o Sector Antenna Type Selection

Dense

urban

areas

Urban

areas

3-

sectored

The antennas with bipolarization and 60 degrees to 65 degrees

horizontal beamwidth are recommended.

According to the BTS distribution and the building construction, the

antennas with 1316 dBi gains are recommended. The antennas with

1012 dBi gains or lower in the micro-cell/ODU great hypsography

situation can be selected.

The preset tilt antennas (36 degrees recommended) or electrical tilt

antennas are preferred. The zero-point filling can be ignored because

the distance between sites in urban areas is small. In addition, the

antenna support must be mechanically adjustable from 015 degrees.

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Scenario Sector Antenna Type Selection

Suburban

areas

3-

sectored

The antennas with 65 degrees or 90 degrees horizontal beamwidth are

recommended. If the surrounding BTSs are densely distributed, refer

to the antenna type selection in urban areas. If the surrounding BTSs

are sparsely distributed and the possibility of future expansion is

slight, refer to the antenna type selection in rural areas.

Whether the antenna has a preset tilt angle depends on actual

situations. Usually, the antenna has a very small preset electrical tilt

or does not have any preset electrical tilt. Refer to the cases in urban

areas and rural areas on the basis of the distance between sites.

Rural

areas

3-

sectored

Vertical polarization and space diversity.

The directional antennas with 90 degrees horizontal beamwidth and

1618 dBi gain are recommended. The following antennas with

different beamwidth are recommended for special areas: 210 heart-shaped antennas at the mountainside, omni-directional antennas at the

basin, and 8-shaped antennas at the valley.

Typically, the mechanical tilt is recommended. The antenna without

preset tilt angle is recommended. If the antenna is mounted more than

50 meters high and the near end coverage is required, set the zero-

point filling (more than 15%) to mandatory.

Rural

areas

Omni-

directio

nal

Vertical polarization and space diversity.

The antennas with 11 dBi gain are recommended. If the required

coverage distance is not long but the antenna is installed in a high

position, the antennas with 3 degrees or degrees preset electrical tiltcan be used. If the required height is less than 50 meters, ordinary

antennas can be used.

When the 1X and 1xEV-DO networks are under co-site construction, there are two modes of

antenna systems: sharing antenna system and not-sharing antenna system. Select the antenna

system based on actual network resources for final network planning. The mode of sharing

antenna system can save the space and the cost. But the two network systems may be mutually

interfered, and certain loss is caused. Thus, forward and reverse coverage is affected. If 1X and

1xEV-DO networks do not share the antenna system, no loss is caused, and accordingly forward

and reverse coverage is not affected. But a large space is required.

Initial Site Selection

This describes how to select appropriate sites and carry out site planning on the paper map or

the electrical map according to the RND results, available site resources, coverage requirements,

and analysis of the existing networks. The sites selected based on the theoretical calculation

should conform to the ideal cellular network mesh structure.

The input information for initial site selection is listed as follows:

l Dimensioning results, including network scale of each scenario and cell radius

l Available site resources


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Item Action Description

4 Predict the

coverage.

After the initial site selection, verify the quality of the network

coverage through coverage dimensioning.

Evaluate the coverage quality by observing the distribution of the pilotlevel and receiving level in the dimensioning results.

l For plots, adjust the antenna direction and the tilt angle if the

coverage level does not satisfy the requirements.

l For large areas where the coverage level does not satisfy the

requirements, add sites to increase the coverage if the distance

between sites is extremely far. If the distance between sites is not

extremely far, check whether the setting of parameters for the

coverage prediction is proper.

The output of initial site selection specifies the number of sites, site types, site locations

(longitude and latitude), and engineering parameters of each site (antennal model, azimuth, tilt,

and gain). The output is used for preliminary network planning.

System Simulation


site selection and the traffic model. The simulation results are used to locate the radio coverage

problem, and to check whether the network scale and the cell configuration meet the network




The system simulation process in the preliminary planning phase is the same as that in the final

planning phase. The differences between the preliminary planning phase and the final planning

phase are as follows:

l In the preliminary planning phase, as the time and the cost are limited, a site does not go

through a field survey. The site is not available unless it is confirmed by the customer.

Therefore, the estimated values of engineering parameters are used in the preliminary

planning phase.

l In the final planning phase, each site goes through field survey and should be confirmed

as available. The engineering parameters must be confirmed. For example, the type and the

length of feeders must conform to the actual requirements. If the system simulation resultsin the final planning phase do not meet the requirements, it is difficult to take corrective

measures, if required.

Input and Output of System Simulation

Table 1-10 describes the input of the system simulation phase. After system simulation, the

System Simulation Reportshould be provided.


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Table 1-10 Input of system simulation

Item Input

1 Engineering parameters table

2 Propagation model

3 Scenarios, channel types, service types, traffic model, antenna parameters, and

network parameters

4 Simulation software and digital electric map

Procedure of Simulation

System simulation refers to using planning simulation software and simulating the actual

network environment to achieve network coverage and QoS prediction.

When the initial site selection and pilot coverage prediction satisfy the requirements, the system

simulation conducts the Monte Carlo simulation according to the corresponding service type,

traffic model, number of subscribers, and subscriber distribution. Usually, the system simulation

takes a long time.

Locate the problematic areas through system simulation. Export engineering parameters and cell

parameters by adjusting the sites or taking other measures to satisfy the requirements of site

construction.

Figure 1-6 shows the simulation process by illustrating Huawei network planning software U-

NET.

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Figure 1-6 Simulation procedure of preliminary radio network planning

Different from a simple network coverage prediction, the simulation focuses on the detailed

analysis of the traffic model, subscriber behavior, and subscriber distribution in the network.

These parameters are closely related to network capacity.

The analysis of simulation results focuses on coverage prediction and Monte Carlo simulation

so that you can check whether the RX and the Ec/Io satisfy the requirements. In addition, the

simulation results also concern the access success ratio, pilot pollution, soft handoff ratio, uplink

and downlink load analysis, and the access failure from which the causes and solutions can be

found out.

Through the analysis of simulation results, you can determine whether the network scale and

cell configuration achieve the network construction objective.

1.2.3 Output of Preliminary Radio Network Planning

After the preliminary radio network planning is complete, theNominal Radio Network Planning

Reportand theRadio Network Engineering Parameters Table should be provided.

Table 1-11 describes the output of preliminary radio network planning.


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Table 1-11 Output of preliminary radio network planning

Output Report Topic

Nominal Radio Network

Planning Report

l Network construction policy

l Initial site planning

l Suggestions for antenna selection

l Simulation result evaluation

Radio Network Engineering

Parameters Table

l Number of BTSs

l Site location

l Antenna type, azimuth angle, and tilt angle

l Cell parameters, such as channel power and soft handoff

parameters

1.3 Final Radio Network Planning

Final radio network planning refers to performing field survey for each site based on the results

of preliminary radio network planning and determining the engineering parameters of each cell.

The cell planning and cell parameter settings can be simulated. Final radio network planning is

conducted after preliminary radio network planning is complete and the commercial contract is

entered.

1.3.1 Input ofFinal Radio Network Planning

This describes the input of final radio network planning, that is, the output of preliminary radionetwork planning and the contract information.


The final radio network planning phase involves the following activities: noise test, site survey


1.3.3 Output of Final Radio Network Planning

This describes the output of final radio network planning. The output, including the information

on BTS planning and the information on radio parameter planning, is presented in theRadio

Network Planning Report,Radio Network Planning Engineering Parameters Table, andRadio

Network Planning Cell Parameters Table.

1.3.1 Input of Final Radio Network Planning

This describes the input of final radio network planning, that is, the output of preliminary radio

network planning and the contract information.

The required input of final radio network planning is as follows:

l Nominal Radio Network Planning Report

l Radio network engineering parameters table

l Requirements defined in the contract

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The final radio network planning phase involves the following activities: noise test, site survey


1.3.2.1 Noise Test

A noise test is performed to check the interference and noises in the operating band, and thus

appropriate measures can be taken to ensure smooth running of the network.

1.3.2.2 Site Survey and Selection

Site survey and selection are important during network planning. You can carry out a site survey

for the candidate sites or the candidate site areas.

1.3.2.3 System Simulation







1.3.2.4 Cell Parameter Planning

After specifying the size, BTS configuration, and BTS location of a network, interconnect

detailed cell parameter planning with all BTSs and cells.

Noise Test

A noise test is performed to check the interference and noises in the operating band, and thus

appropriate measures can be taken to ensure smooth running of the network.

The noise test is optional, because the electromagnetic environment of each band is different. If

required, on-site noise test must be performed by using an electric logging device or a YBT250

tool.

If strong noise interference exists over a frequency band, you must clear the noise or apply for

new frequencies. In the phase of site selection, you must conduct noise tests in the areas that

have heavy traffic or important landmarks to ensure that strong noise interference does not and

will not exist. In this way, the network performance is guaranteed.

After a noise test is complete, theNoise TestReportshould be provided for future reference.

Site Survey and Selection

Site survey and selection are important during network planning. You can carry out a site survey

for the candidate sites or the candidate site areas.

Survey tools and personnel cooperation: a GPS and a compass The project designers and the

engineers of the operator should participate in the site survey.

For each recommended site, collect network planning information and environment information

to confirm that the site meets the construction requirements. The information required for a site

survey is as follows:

l

Site information: site location (latitude and longitude), height, azimuth angle, site type,space ofthe equipment room, antenna installation (mode and location), transmission


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condition, power condition, grounding condition of the equipment room, business

consideration (possibility of renting a site location or rent cost)

l Environment information: type and distribution of the typical propagation environment,

average height of buildings, plant distribution (type, height, and density), location of the

coverage target, description of the adjacent environmentl In the case of co-site construction, you must consider available resources for the equipment

room and the platform, antenna isolation, possible effect, and preventive measures.

If the survey results of a site meet the construction requirements, the site can be selected. From

the aspects of height, antenna space availability, and equipment room availability, you can

conduct a simple survey and select one or two candidate sites.

After the final site is confirmed, the Site Survey Reportshould be provided. The site survey

report includes survey records of all sites, detailed description of the related items, subsequent

preparations, and selected sites.

System Simulation







The system simulation process in the preliminary planning phase is the same as that in the final

planning phase. The differences between the preliminary planning phase and the final planning

phase are as follows:

l In the preliminary planning phase, as the time and the cost are limited, a site does not gothrough a field survey. The site is not available unless it is confirmed by the customer.

Therefore, the estimated values of engineering parameters are used in the preliminary

planning phase.

l In the final planning phase, each site goes through field survey and should be confirmed

as available. The engineering parameters must be confirmed. For example, the type and the

length of feeders must conform to the actual requirements. If the system simulation results

in the final planning phase do not meet the requirements, it is difficult to take corrective

measures, if required.

Input and Output of System Simulation

Table 1-13 describes the input of the system simulation phase. After system simulation, the

System Simulation Reportshould be provided.

Table 1-12 Input of system simulation

Item Input

1 Engineering parameters table

2 Propagation model

3 Scenarios, channel types, service types, traffic model, antenna parameters, and

network parameters

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Figure 1-7 Simulation procedure of preliminary radio network planning

Different from a simple network coverage prediction, the simulation focuses on the detailed

analysis of the traffic model, subscriber behavior, and subscriber distribution in the network.

These parameters are closely related to network capacity.

The analysis of simulation results focuses on coverage prediction and Monte Carlo simulationso that you can check whether the RX and the Ec/Io satisfy the requirements. In addition, the

simulation results also concern the access success ratio, pilot pollution, soft handoff ratio, uplink

and downlink load analysis, and the access failure from which the causes and solutions can be

found out.

Through the analysis of simulation results, you can determine whether the network scale and

cell configuration achieve the network construction objective.

Cell Parameter Planning

After specifying the size, BTS configuration, and BTS location of a network, interconnect

detailed cell parameter planning with all BTSs and cells.

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Cell parameters vary slightly with network types. Table 1-13 describes the cell parameters and

planning methods.

Table 1-13 Cell parameters and planning methods

CellParameter Planning Method

Location area

planning

NOTEThis parameter is planned for the 1X system only.

l The value of the LAC cannot be set extremely large. The maximum

value of the LAC depends on the paging channel capacity and

processing capability of the BSC.

l The value of the REG_ZONE cannot be set extremely small. The

minimum value of the REG_ZONE depends on the access channel

capacity.

l The LAC planning should comply with the geographical position andthe action of MSs so that the border of a location area is not updated.

l A location area cannot cross multiple MSC areas. The location area that

crosses multiple BSC areas is not recommended.

l In the case of multiple carriers, the carriers in one sector should be in

the same location area.

l Places with heavy traffic should not be in the border of a location area.

Neighboring

cell list (intra-

frequency

neighboringcell, inter-

frequency

neighboring

cell, and inter-

system

neighboring

cell)

l Neighboring cells should be firstly configured for the sectors in the local

BTS.

l The geographically adjacent cells should be configured to neighboring

cells.

l Neighboring cells should be mutually related. In some special

situations, a single neighboring cell is required.

l In dense urban areas and urban areas, necessary neighboring cells

should be configured, and on the other hand, excessive neighboring cells

should be avoided.

l In suburban areas, the geographically adjacent cells should be

configured to neighboring cells to ensure timely handoff and to avoid

call drop.

l The neighboring cells with the strongest signals should be arranged in

the front of the neighboring cell list to avoid interference.l The hard handoff of neighboring cells should be carried out in the places

with light traffic as possible.

PN code l Phases between different pilots should be arranged at intervals. When

the pilots with different PN offset of other sectors appear in the Active

Searching window of the current sector, the interference to the current

sector should be lower than the preset threshold.

l For the PN multiplexing distance between two BTSs with the same pilot,

the interference that other sectors with the same PN offset cause to the

current sector should be lower than the preset threshold.


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CellParameter Planning Method

Cell channel

power matching

Power distribution proportion of common channels (such as pilot channel,

synchronization channel, and paging channel) and traffic channels.

Handoff

parameter

planning and

access

parameter

planning

You must set the values of these parameters according to the actual

network situations.

Color code NOTEThis parameter is planned for the 1xEV-DO system only.

l The color codes should vary with the subnets in the access network

(AN).

l The color codes corresponding to the subnets in an adjacent AN should

be different from the color codes corresponding to the subnets in the

AN.

l The color codes corresponding to the subnets in one city (including the

suburban areas) should be different. The color codes corresponding to

the subnets in different cities (including the suburban areas) can be

multiplexed.

Subnet NOTEThis parameter is planned for the 1xEV-DO system only.

l The entire network should be planned globally. The subnet locations

should be unique in the entire network. Different operators are assigneddifferent network segments.

l The value of a subnet cannot be set extremely large. The maximum

value of a subnet depends on the CC channel capacity. The value of a

subnet cannot be set extremely small. The minimum value of a subnet

depends on the AC channel capacity. The calculation of the CC channel

capacity and the AC channel capacity is omplex. You can get the

calculation results from simulation results. Usually, one subnet is

configured for an AN.

l The subnet planning should comply with the geographical position and

the action of MSs. This can reduce the location updates of MSs at the

border of a subnet.

l A subnet cannot cross multiple ANs.

1.3.3 Output of Final Radio Network Planning

This describes the output of final radio network planning. The output, including the information

on BTS planning and the information on radio parameter planning, is presented in theRadio

Network Planning Report,Radio Network Planning Engineering Parameters Table, andRadio

Network Planning Cell Parameters Table.

Table 1-14 describes the output of final radio network planning.

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Table 1-14 Output of final radio network planning

Output Description

Information on radio

network BTS planning

l Site information

l Design of the antenna system

l Selection of the BTS equipment type

Information on radio

parameter planning

l PN planning

l Neighboring cell planning

l Location area planning

l 1xEV-DO color code planning

l 1xEV-DO subnet planning

l Planning of the system parameters, such as power parameters,

switching parameters, and access parameters

After the final radio network planning is complete, theRadio Network Planning Report,Radio

Network Planning Engineering Parameters Table, andRadio Network Planning Cell

Parameters Table should be provided. Table 1-15 describes the topics of the reports.

Table 1-15 Output reports of final radio network planning

Output Report Topic

Radio Network PlanningReport

l

Network construction policies in different phasesl BTS planning

l Cell parameter planning

l Analysis of the simulation results

l Solutions to coverage capacity in special scenarios

l Required number of CEs in each site

Radio Network Planning

Engineering Parameters Table

l Number, name, longitude and latitude of the BTS

l Sector name, cell ID, and cell name

l TRX ID and frequency

l LAC, RAC, and PN code

l Color code and subnet (1xEV-DO)

l Antenna type, polarization mode, horizontal and vertical

half power angle, and gain

l Height, azimuth angle, and azimuth angle of the antenna

l Power amplifier type, and combining and dividing mode

l Type and length of the feeder

l Cell coverage target


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Output Report Topic

Radio Network Planning Cell

Parameters Table

l LAC/REG-ZONE configuration

l Neighboring cell configuration

l Frequency and PN code

l Color code and subnet (1xEV-DO)

l System parameters, such as power parameters,

switching parameters, and access parameters

1.4 Tools for Radio Network Planning

The tools for radio network planning helps to collect and analyze data and thus assists radio

network planning. The commonly used tools are CDMA RND tool, Genex U-Net, and GenexApus.

CDMA RND Tool

The RND tool, which is independently developed by Huawei, is a network dimensioning tool

based on cumulative experiences of the RND. The tool is one of the important tools for

preliminary network planning. With the iterative algorithm, the RND tool achieves the balance

between the network coverage and the capacity, and accordingly simplifies network

dimensioning. The functional modules of the RND tool are link budget, capacity budget, traffic

model building, budget of the number of BTSs, and CE configuration budget.

The tool can calculate the following dimensioning results based on the existing and preset

relevant data:

l Required number of BTSs that meet the coverage and capacity requirements

l Coverage and capacity limitation

l CE limitation

l Throughput of the entire network, such as total forward throughput and total reserve

throughput

l Required number of BTSs that meet the coverage requirements

l

Forward and reverse coverage limitationl Coverage radius and coverage area of a single BTS

l Required number of BTSs that meet the capacity requirements

l Forward and reverse capacity limitation

Genex U-Net

The Genex U-Net, which is independently developed by Huawei, is a tool of radio network

planning. Running on the Windows 2000 and Windows XP operating systems, the Genex U-

Net supports 2G and 3G technologies and supports incumbent networks such as GSM/TDMA,

GPRS-EDGE, WCDMA, and CDMA. In addition, it has the advantages of flexible user interfaceand easy operation.

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Being a kind of simulation software of radio network planning, the Genex U-Net provides the

global support for initial network design, dense network planning construction, and network

optimization.

The Genex U-Net has the following applications:

l Used before the network construction. The Genex U-Net is used for nominal network

planning, model calibration, prediction and simulation, and site analysis to ensure good

effect of the network construction.

l Used in network construction and expansion. The Genex U-Net performs parameter

planning and simulation. In addition, this tool can analyze the network coverage and

performance under different parameter configurations. In this way, reasonable parameters

can be configured to ensure optimal network performance.

l Used in network optimization. The Genex U-Net is used for network adjustment and

optimization.

Functions of the Genex U-Net are as follows:

l Network construction and radio parameter model construction

l Traffic modelling and capacity prediction

l CDMA simulation based on the Monte-Carlo (supporting 1xRTT and 1xEV-DO)

l CDMA coverage prediction (supporting 1xRTT and 1xEV-DO)

l Statistic analysis

Other functions of the Genex U-Net

l Automatic planning for neighboring cells

l Automatic PN planning and PN multiplexing checking

l Propagation model calibration

Genex Apus

The Genex Apus, which is independently developed by Huawei, is a kind of Genex software.

The Genex Apus is used in the network planning phase. The main functions are neighboring cell

planning and PN planning.

The Genex Apus has two modules: neighboring cell planning and PN planning. The module of

neighboring cell planning implements automatic neighboring cell planning. The module of PNplanning implements automatic planning for PN codes. The following describes the two

functions on the whole.

l Neighboring cell planning

Based on the BTS sector topology and radio parameters (such as the latitude and longitude,

azimuth angle, and tilt angle, height of the antenna, and transmit power) related to the

network sectors, the module can set multiple radio propagation models, and implement

neighboring cell planning for the CDMA network.

l PN planning

Based on the BTS topology, the module implements automatic planning for PN codes.


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